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991.
Francis H LeSage G DeMorrow S Alvaro D Ueno Y Venter J Glaser S Mancino MG Marucci L Benedetti A Alpini G 《American journal of physiology. Cell physiology》2007,293(4):C1252-C1262
Secretin stimulates ductal secretion by activation of cAMP PKA CFTR Cl–/HCO3– exchanger in cholangiocytes. We evaluated the expression of 2A-, 2B-, and 2C-adrenergic receptors in cholangiocytes and the effects of the selective 2-adrenergic agonist UK 14,304, on basal and secretin-stimulated ductal secretion. In normal rats, we evaluated the effect of UK 14,304 on bile and bicarbonate secretion. In bile duct-ligated (BDL) rats, we evaluated the effect of UK 14,304 on basal and secretin-stimulated 1) bile and bicarbonate secretion; 2) duct secretion in intrahepatic bile duct units (IBDU) in the absence or presence of 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride (EIPA), an inhibitor of the Na+/H+ exchanger isoform NHE3; and 3) cAMP levels, PKA activity, Cl– efflux, and Cl–/HCO3– exchanger activity in purified cholangiocytes. 2-Adrenergic receptors were expressed by all cholangiocytes in normal and BDL liver sections. UK 14,304 did not change bile and bicarbonate secretion of normal rats. In BDL rats, UK 14,304 inhibited secretin-stimulated 1) bile and bicarbonate secretion, 2) expansion of IBDU luminal spaces, and 3) cAMP levels, PKA activity, Cl– efflux, and Cl–/HCO3– exchanger activity in cholangiocytes. There was decreased lumen size after removal of secretin in IBDU pretreated with UK 14,304. In IBDU pretreated with EIPA, there was no significant decrease in luminal space after removal of secretin in either the absence or presence of UK 14,304. The inhibitory effect of UK 14,304 on ductal secretion is not mediated by the apical cholangiocyte NHE3. 2-Adrenergic receptors play a role in counterregulating enhanced ductal secretion associated with cholangiocyte proliferation in chronic cholestatic liver diseases. bicarbonate secretion; chloride efflux; gastrointestinal hormones; intrahepatic biliary epithelium; protein kinase A 相似文献
992.
Guillén N Navarro MA Surra JC Arnal C Fernández-Juan M Cebrián-Pérez JA Osada J 《Gene》2007,388(1-2):117-124
Pig sphingomyelin synthase 1 (SMS1) cDNA was cloned, characterized and compared to the human ortholog. Porcine protein consists of 413 amino acids and displays a 97% sequence identity with human protein. A phylogenic tree of proteins reveals that porcine SMS1 is more closely related to bovine and rodent proteins than to human. Analysis of protein mass was higher than the theoretical prediction based on amino acid sequence suggesting a kind of posttranslational modification. Quantitative representation of tissue distribution obtained by real-time RT-PCR showed that it was widely expressed although important variations in levels were obtained among organs. Thus, the cardiovascular system, especially the heart, showed the highest value of all the tissues studied. Regional differences of expression were observed in the central nervous system and intestinal tract. Analysis of the hepatic mRNA and protein expressions of SMS1 following turpentine treatment revealed a progressive decrease in the former paralleled by a decrease in the protein concentration. These findings indicate the variation in expression in the different tissues might suggest a different requirement of Golgi sphingomyelin for the specific function in each organ and a regulation of the enzyme in response to turpentine-induced hepatic injury. 相似文献
993.
994.
Di Fabio R Micheli F Alvaro G Cavanni P Donati D Gagliardi T Fontana G Giovannini R Maffeis M Mingardi A Tranquillini ME Vitulli G 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2007,17(8):2254-2259
Exploiting the SAR of the known pyrrole derivatives, a new class of mGluR1 antagonists was designed by replacement of the pyrrole core with an indole scaffold and consequent cyclization of the C-2 position into a tricyclic beta-carboline template. The appropriate exploration of the position C-6 with a combination of H-bond acceptor groups coupled with bulky/lipophilic moieties led to the discovery of a new series of mGluR1 antagonists. These compounds exhibited a non-competitive behavior, excellent pharmacokinetic properties, and good in vivo activity in animal models of acute and chronic pain, after oral administration. 相似文献
995.
Vivipary, the germination of seeds within the fruit prior to abscission from the maternal plant, is an important event in plants. Two main types of vivipary are known in vascular plants: true vivipary and pseudovivipary. In crop grasses, pseudovivipary is an undesirable character as it results in lower yields. To date, vivipary in the Cactaceae has been reported for less than 20 species, most of which are cultivated. Here, we report viviparous (cryptoviviparous-a subcategory of true vivipary) cacti in nature in members of the tribes Cacteae and Pachycereeae (subfamily Cactoideae). We present four species inhabiting coastal plains in areas subject to periodic flooding, namely, Ferocactus herrerae, Stenocereus alamosensis, S. thurberi, and Pachycereus schottii. These species from localities in northwestern Mexico had viviparous fruits and offspring in different stages of development. A potential trend in the data indicates that the overall proportion of viviparous plants is higher in coastal flooding areas relative to halophytic, nonflooding areas. In our view, vivipary is a reproductive strategy that has evolved to provide a more efficient mechanism favoring germination and new avenues for survival by contributing to population maintenance and short-distance dispersal on halophytic substrates. 相似文献
996.
Differential CO2 effect on primary carbon metabolism of flag leaves in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) 下载免费PDF全文
Iker Aranjuelo Gorka Erice Alvaro Sanz‐Sáez Cyril Abadie Françoise Gilard Erena Gil‐Quintana Jean‐Christophe Avice Christiana Staudinger Stefanie Wienkoop Jose L. Araus Jacques Bourguignon Juan J. Irigoyen Guillaume Tcherkez 《Plant, cell & environment》2015,38(12):2780-2794
C sink/source balance and N assimilation have been identified as target processes conditioning crop responsiveness to elevated CO2. However, little is known about phenology‐driven modifications of C and N primary metabolism at elevated CO2 in cereals such as wheat. Here, we examined the differential effect of elevated CO2 at two development stages (onset of flowering, onset of grain filling) in durum wheat (Triticum durum, var. Sula) using physiological measurements (photosynthesis, isotopes), metabolomics, proteomics and 15N labelling. Our results show that growth at elevated CO2 was accompanied by photosynthetic acclimation through a lower internal (mesophyll) conductance but no significant effect on Rubisco content, maximal carboxylation or electron transfer. Growth at elevated CO2 altered photosynthate export and tended to accelerate leaf N remobilization, which was visible for several proteins and amino acids, as well as lysine degradation metabolism. However, grain biomass produced at elevated CO2 was larger and less N rich, suggesting that nitrogen use efficiency rather than photosynthesis is an important target for improvement, even in good CO2‐responsive cultivars. 相似文献
997.
Diego Rojas-Benitez Patrick C. Thiaville Valérie de Crécy-Lagard Alvaro Glavic 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2015,290(30):18699-18707
N6-Threonylcarbamoyl-adenosine (t6A) is a universal modification occurring at position 37 in nearly all tRNAs that decode A-starting codons, including the eukaryotic initiator tRNA (tRNAiMet). Yeast lacking central components of the t6A synthesis machinery, such as Tcs3p (Kae1p) or Tcs5p (Bud32p), show slow-growth phenotypes. In the present work, we show that loss of the Drosophila tcs3 homolog also leads to a severe reduction in size and demonstrate, for the first time in a non-microbe, that Tcs3 is required for t6A synthesis. In Drosophila and in mammals, tRNAiMet is a limiting factor for cell and animal growth. We report that the t6A-modified form of tRNAiMet is the actual limiting factor. We show that changing the proportion of t6A-modified tRNAiMet, by expression of an un-modifiable tRNAiMet or changing the levels of Tcs3, regulate target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase activity and influences cell and animal growth in vivo. These findings reveal an unprecedented relationship between the translation machinery and TOR, where translation efficiency, limited by the availability of t6A-modified tRNA, determines growth potential in eukaryotic cells. 相似文献
998.
999.
Grossi-de-Sa MF Quezado de Magalhaes M Silva MS Silva SM Dias SC Nakasu EY Brunetta PS Oliveira GR Neto OB Sampaio de Oliveira R Soares LH Ayub MA Siqueira HA Figueira EL 《Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology》2007,40(5):773-782
Different isolates of the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis produce multiple crystal (Cry) proteins toxic to a variety of insects, nematodes and protozoans. These insecticidal Cry toxins are known to be active against specific insect orders, being harmless to mammals, birds, amphibians, and reptiles. Due to these characteristics, genes encoding several Cry toxins have been engineered in order to be expressed by a variety of crop plants to control insectpests. The cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis, and the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, are the major economically devastating pests of cotton crop in Brazil, causing severe losses, mainly due to their endophytic habit, which results in damages to the cotton boll and floral bud structures. A cry1Ia-type gene, designated cry1Ia12, was isolated and cloned from the Bt S811 strain. Nucleotide sequencing of the cry1Ia12 gene revealed an open reading frame of 2160 bp, encoding a protein of 719 amino acid residues in length, with a predicted molecular mass of 81 kDa. The amino acid sequence of Cry1Ia12 is 99% identical to the known Cry1Ia proteins and differs from them only in one or two amino acid residues positioned along the three domains involved in the insecticidal activity of the toxin. The recombinant Cry1Ia12 protein, corresponding to the cry1Ia12 gene expressed in Escherichia coli cells, showed moderate toxicity towards first instar larvae of both cotton boll weevil and fall armyworm. The highest concentration of the recombinant Cry1Ia12 tested to achieve the maximum toxicities against cotton boll weevil larvae and fall armyworm larvae were 230 microg/mL and 5 microg/mL, respectively. The herein demonstrated insecticidal activity of the recombinant Cry1Ia12 toxin against cotton boll weevil and fall armyworm larvae opens promising perspectives for the genetic engineering of cotton crop resistant to both these devastating pests in Brazil. 相似文献
1000.
Mata A Boehm C Fleischman AJ Muschler GF Roy S 《International journal of nanomedicine》2007,2(3):389-406
Growth characteristics of human connective tissue progenitor (CTP) cells were investigated on smooth and textured substrates, which were produced using MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) fabrication technology. Human bone marrow derived cells were cultured for 9 days under conditions promoting osteoblastic differentiation on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates comprising smooth (non-patterned) surfaces (SMOOTH), 4 different cylindrical post micro-textures (POSTS) that were 7-10 microm high and 5, 10, 20, and 40 microm diameter, respectively, and channel micro-textures (CHANNELS) with curved cross-sections that were 11 microm high, 45 microm wide, and separated by 5 microm wide ridges. Standard glass-tissue culture surfaces were used as controls. Micro-textures resulted in the modification of CTP morphology, attachment, migration, and proliferation characteristics. Specifically, cells on POSTS exhibited more contoured morphology with closely packed cytoskeletal actin microfilaments compared to the more random orientation in cells grown on SMOOTH. CTP colonies on 10 gm-diameter POSTS exhibited higher cell number than any other POSTS, and a significant increase in cell number (442%) compared to colonies on SMOOTH (71%). On CHANNELS, colonies tended to be denser (229%) than on POSTS (up to 140% on 10 microm POSTS), and significantly more so compared to those on SMOOTH (104%). 相似文献