Paracuaria hispanica n. sp. (Nematoda: Acuariidae), a stomach parasite of the pyrenean desman Galemys pyrenaicus Geoffr. (Insectivora: Talpidae), with a redefinition of the genus Paracuaria Rao, 1951

Adult and fourth-stage larvae of Paracuaria hispanica n. sp., from the stomach of the Pyrenean desman Galemys pyrenaicus Geoffroy (Insectivora: Talpidae) in northern and central Spain, are described. The new species differs from the other members of the genus Paracuaria (P. adunca and P. soricis), among other morphological details, in its smaller body and spicule sizes, the presence of a cuticular ring around the tip of the female tail, and the existence of lateral alae running longitudinally along its body from the cervical region to the tail. In view of the latter feature, the genus Paracuaria is redefined. The fourth stage larva of the new species is distinguished from that of P. adunca by its monocuspid deirids. P. hispanica occurred in 45% of the 20 host specimens examined.     

Cloning and Expression of a 5-Hydroxytryptamine7 Receptor Positively Coupled to Adenylyl Cyclase

Abstract: In a number of different cell types, phosphorylation of a 63-kDa protein has been shown to increase rapidly in response to stimuli that lead to an increase in intracellular calcium. Here, a stimulus-sensitive protein at this molecular weight is identified in PC12 cells and rat cortical synaptosomes as phosphoglucomutase. In addition, the added phosphate is shown to be in an oligosaccharide terminating in phosphodiester-linked glucose. In synaptosomes, incorporated radioactivity, following incubation with [¹⁴C]glucose or the [β-³⁵S]phosphorothioate analogue of UDP-glucose, was found to increase within 5 s of stimulation and return to baseline within 25 s. Despite the many pathways utilizing glucose, this was the only detectable protein glycosylation observed in synaptosomes. These results indicate that cytoplasmic glycosylation is reversible and rapidly regulated, and suggest that phosphoglucomutase undergoes an alteration in function and/or topography in response to increases in intracellular calcium.     

嗜盐耐盐微生物抗盐胁迫相关离子转运蛋白研究进展

离子转运蛋白在维持细胞内pH稳态、离子动态平衡等方面发挥着重要作用。钠离子转运体和钾离子转运体在嗜盐耐盐微生物中广泛存在,其"保钾排钠"机制是微生物抗盐胁迫的两大策略之一。近年来,嗜盐耐盐微生物中许多新型钠、钾离子转运体被陆续发现,如RDD蛋白、UPF0118蛋白、DUF蛋白和KimA蛋白等;Fe³⁺、Mg²⁺等其他金属离子的转运蛋白也被证实可通过影响微生物胞内相容性溶质的合成起到渗透调节的作用。本文综述了嗜盐耐盐微生物中抗盐胁迫相关的各类离子转运蛋白,分析其分子结构和工作机理,并对这些蛋白在农业方面的应用进行了展望。继续发现新的离子转运蛋白,探究抗盐胁迫相关离子转运蛋白的结构和机理,解析各转运系统的协同作用及分子调控机制,将进一步加深对嗜盐耐盐微生物抗盐胁迫调控的认识,并为盐碱地农作物的改良等提供新的思路。     

微生物发酵法生产S-腺苷甲硫氨酸的研究进展

S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(S-adenosyl-l-methionine, SAM)广泛存在于生物体内,主要参与生物体内的转甲基过程、转硫过程及转氨丙基过程,具有重要的生理功能,其生产备受重视。目前SAM生产的研究主要集中于微生物发酵法,该方法与化学合成法和酶催化法相比,成本较低且更容易实现工业化生产。随着需求量的迅速增加,通过菌种改良提高SAM产量备受关注。当前SAM生产菌种改良的主要策略包括常规育种和代谢工程。本文综述了提高微生物生产SAM能力的近期研究进展并探讨了SAM生产中的瓶颈问题及解决方法,以期为进一步提高SAM产量提供思路。     

山西省地种蝇属一新种：双翅目：花蝇科

本文记述地种蝇属Ｄｅｌｉａ Ｒ．－Ｄ鞭阳地种蝇新种Ｄｅｌｉａ ｍａｓｔｉｇｏｐｈａｌｌａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．的形态特征,并与近缘种作了比较。     

On the detection of nonrandom associations between DNA polymorphisms in natural populations of Drosophila

The capacity to detect nonrandom associations between restriction-map variants was examined in eight gene regions of Drosophila melanogaster (yellow-achaetescute, white, Zw, Adh, Est6, and rosy) and D. pseudoobscura (Adh and Xdh), on the basis of published population data. The statistical power from individual pairwise tests was both heterogeneous and generally low across gene regions. Sample sizes larger than those currently being used are needed to ensure any power to detect disequilibrium by individual tests. It is found that the heterogeneity in power is mostly explained by large differences in the intensity of sample disequilibrium among regions. The yellow-achaete- scute, Zw, and Adh loci of D. melanogaster displayed both the highest mean power (approximately 0.4) and a very great disequilibrium (mean absolute values of D' were 0.8-1). By contrast, all the other gene regions exhibited lower mean power (approximately 0.2) and moderate levels of disequilibrium (0.4-0.6). Although the proportion of significant pairwise associations, especially for white, Est6, and rosy in D. melanogaster and for Adh and Xdh in D. pseudoobscura, is more or less close to the type I error, simultaneous-inference significance tests show that gametic disequilibrium is occurring at the eight DNA regions examined.      

单增李斯特菌胎盘感染的体内外模型研究进展

单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌（Listeria monocytogenes）是重要的食源性致病菌,能引发人类的李斯特菌病,是全球公共卫生问题之一。该菌易感染孕妇,引起胎儿和新生儿的侵袭性李斯特菌病,严重威胁母婴健康。因此,建立有效的单增李斯特菌感染胎盘体内外模型,解析和探究单增李斯特菌经胎盘感染机制,是预防和控制单增李斯特菌感染母婴的关键所在。本文综述了可用于研究单增李斯特菌母婴感染的体内外胎盘模型,总结和讨论了各类模型的优势和局限性;并着重分析了体外三维胎盘屏障模型在单增李斯特菌感染方面的研究进展和未来研究方向。以期为深入解析该菌经胎盘感染的途径、发病机制提供支持,并为预防和控制母婴李斯特菌病提供科学参考。     

山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和修复工程与景观生态学

我国山水林田湖草沙生命共同体及其保护和修复工程的理论研究和实践正逐渐开展,需要系统的学科理论支撑,景观生态学作为地理学和生态学的交叉科学,能够以其宏观空间理论和技术体系满足这一需求。本文将景观生态学作为山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和修复工程的支撑学科,首先,明确了山水林田湖草沙生命共同体是镶嵌的异质景观、具有景观的所有特征并遵循景观生态学原理;其次,阐述了景观生态建设理论如何应用于山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和修复工程的规划和评价;最后,总结景观生态建设研究的新趋势,提出待解决的理论和实践问题,并论述山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和修复工程如何为解决这些问题提供广阔的研究空间。景观生态学和山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和修复工程实践相结合,将为实现我国乃至全球生态、经济、社会可持续发展提供极为有效的途径。     

湿地松木质部和针叶松脂合成基因分析

为挖掘湿地松(Pinus elliottii)松脂合成相关的基因,对不同采脂期的木质部和针叶进行高通量转录组测序,与火炬松(Pinus taeda)参考基因组进行比对,共获得了68 211条unigenes,546 356 450条clean reads,平均比对率达90.21%。将不同时期木质部、木质部与针叶间进行两两对比,以P＜0.05,|log₂FoldChange|＞1.0为标准来筛选差异基因,并进行GO和KEGG富集分析。结果表明,参与萜类物质合成的差异基因有133个,其中大部分富集在MEP途径,从差异基因中挑选8个产脂相关的候选基因进行RT-qPCR验证,确定HMGR、DXS、TPS、ABC转运蛋白基因与产脂存在关联性。通过转录组测序与分析,挖掘出133个参与松脂萜类物质合成相关的差异基因,其中萜烯合酶基因(TPS)和ABC转运基因在正调控萜类物质合成中发挥关键作用。