一种改良的逼尿肌急性分离方法及离子通道电流检测

目的:建立一种稳定的适合膜片钳技术的逼尿肌细胞急性酶分离方法,为排尿相关障碍性疾病的研究提供必要的技术平台.方法:采用H型胶原酶和木瓜蛋白酶相混合的鸡尾酒酶液对新鲜离体的大鼠膀胱逼尿肌条在37℃条件下振荡消化,α-actin免疫荧光染色对分离并培养的原代细胞进行鉴定,在膜片钳工作台上分别对其进行L型钙电流和BKca钾电流的全细胞记录.结果:可获得大量的单个逼尿肌细胞.经过免疫荧光染色证实为平滑肌细胞.分离细胞活性良好,在膜片钳实验系统上可记录到多种通道电流.结论:建立了一种操作简单、成功率高、活性好的逼尿肌细胞急性酶分离方法并成功应用于膜片钳技术.     

一氧化氮是脱落酸诱导杨树叶片气孔关闭的信号分子

研究了外源NO和ABA对杨树气孔运动调节作用．结果表明,外源NO和ABA都能诱导杨树离体叶片气孔关闭,且具有剂量效应,NO可加强ABA诱导气孔关闭的作用．NO清除剂(c—PTIO)可大大减弱NO和ABA对气孔关闭的诱导作用．证实了NO参与ABA调控气孔开闭运动过程,不同浓度NO供体SNP和ABA处理杨树离体叶片,SOD活性变化不明显,POD活性受到显著抑制．杨树叶片粗酶液的体外实验表明,不同浓度SNP对POD活性的抑制呈明显的浓度及时间效应;而ABA对POD活性则几乎没有影响．本研究证明,NO调节ABA诱导的树木气孔关闭作用,是ABA诱导树木气孔关闭的一种重要信号分子．     

诱导人脐血间充质干细胞分化为多巴胺能神经元样细胞的研究

目的：探讨人羊膜上皮细胞条件培养液(ACM)及SHH,FGF8诱导人脐血间充质干细胞（CB-MSCs）分化为多巴胺( dopamine,DA )能神经元样细胞的作用及机制。方法：利用沉降红细胞、密度梯度离心和贴壁筛选法纯化CB-MSCs,加入ACM及SHH,FGF8分为CON,ACM,SHH+FGF8,ACM+SHH+FGF8四组诱导48h后,免疫细胞化学染色鉴定分化细胞的DA神经元表型。应用高压液相色谱技术测定细胞培养上清中DA含量,并应用Realtime PCR方法观察DA能神经元发育过程中的相关基因En-1,Foxa2,Lmx1b,Gli-1,Pitx3,Nurr1以及Ngn2的表达。结果：加诱导剂诱导48h后,各诱导组的TH和DAT的表达量均比对照组高。早期的转录因子En1,Foxa2 在各组中均有表达;而Pitx3,Lmx1b表达在各诱导组中;Lmx1b在ACM+SHH+FGF8组中表达最高;Pitx3在各诱导组中均有表达且无明显差异。Nurr1,Ngn2在SHH+FGF8组中表达很强。结论：ACM及SHH,FGF8可诱导脐血间充质干细胞分化为DA能神经元样细胞,其作用机制与多巴胺能神经元发育过程中的各种基因En-1,Foxa2,Lmx1b,Gli-1,Pitx3,Nurr1以及Ngn2相关。     

Insulin-resistant muscle is exercise resistant: evidence for reduced response of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes to exercise

Mitochondrial dysfunction, associated with insulin resistance, is characterized by low expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) and nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes. This deficit could be due to decreased physical activity or a decreased response of gene expression to exercise. The objective of this study was to investigate whether a bout of exercise induces the same increase in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial gene expression in insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant subjects matched for exercise capacity. Seven lean and nine obese subjects took part. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by an 80 mU.m(-2).min(-1) euglycemic clamp. Subjects were matched for aerobic capacity and underwent a single bout of exercise at 70 and 90% of maximum heart rate with muscle biopsies at 30 and 300 min postexercise. Quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblot analyses were used to determine the effect of exercise on gene expression and protein abundance and phosphorylation. In the postexercise period, lean subjects immediately increased PGC-1alpha mRNA level (reaching an eightfold increase by 300 min postexercise) and protein abundance and AMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation. Activation of PGC-1alpha was followed by increase of nuclear respiratory factor-1 and cytochrome c oxidase (subunit VIc). However, in insulin-resistant subjects, there was a delayed and reduced response in PGC-1alpha mRNA and protein, and phosphorylation of AMP-dependent protein kinase was transient. None of the genes downstream of PGC-1alpha was increased after exercise in insulin resistance. Insulin-resistant subjects have a reduced response of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes to exercise, and this could contribute to the origin and maintenance of mitochondrial dysfunction.     

葛根资源遗传多样性和性状关联分析

通过研究葛根资源的遗传多样性和葛根表型性状与分子标记的关联分析,为葛根的分子育种和指纹图谱构建提供理论依据。鉴定分析了127份不同来源葛根资源的10个表型性状,并用ISSR标记研究127份葛根资源的遗传多样性,对ISSR标记与表型性状进行关联分析。表型性状鉴定结果显示葛根资源的10个性状变异大、多样性较好。利用ISSR标记获得多态性条带109条,平均每个引物扩增5.73条、平均Nei's基因多样性0.2085、平均Shannon's指数0.3378,最远遗传距离为0.46。ISSR分子标记聚类分析将127份资源聚为两大类,群体结构分析和PCo A分析结果类似将127份资源分为2个亚群。GLM分析发现3个与茸毛性状关联标记,MLM分析未发现与表型性状关联的标记。本研究收集的资源遗传多样性较好,葛根分子标记聚类结果与地域关系不大,综合GLM和MLM关联分析结果,本试验未发现与表型关联位点。     

PALM成像中激光强度和定位精度相关性的研究

近十年来,基于单分子定位的PALM成像技术快速发展,将显微镜的分辨率提高到了2-25nm。本文发现PALM成像过程中采用的激发光强度与成像的定位精度之间有密切的联系。我们分别选择了PALM成像使用的光激活荧光蛋白、光转换荧光蛋白和光开关荧光蛋白中最常用的荧光蛋白进行验证。实验发现伴随激光强度的增加,大部分荧光蛋白的光子数先升高然后趋于饱和,背景噪声几乎线性升高。进一步分析发现荧光蛋白的定位误差随着激光强度增强先降低后升高,因此选用合适的激光强度在PALM成像实验中至关重要。如何提高PALM成像的分辨率一直是科学家研究的热点,本研究内容可以指导研究人员在PALM成像中选用合适的激发光强度,从而得到高分辨率的图像。     

Lpa-miR-nov-66拮抗IGF1促羊驼黑色素细胞黑色素生成及细胞迁移作用

胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF1）能够促进细胞迁移。我们最近的研究发现,一种新发现的miRNA（lpa-miR-nov-66）可通过靶向抑制可溶性腺苷酸环化酶（soluble guanylate cyclase,sGC）抑制黑色素细胞产生黑色素。然而,当二者联合作用于黑色素细胞时,究竟如何影响黑色素细胞的黑色素产生及细胞迁移尚未见报道。本研究证明,lpa-miR-nov-66可拮抗IGF1的促黑色素细胞的黑色素生成及促细胞迁移作用。ELISA法检测结果揭示,与单纯IGF1处理比较,过表达lpa-miR-nov-66或过表达lpa-miR-nov-66联合IGF1处理可明显降低IGF1诱导羊驼黑色素细胞的cAMP生成水平。实时定量PCR和Western印迹证明,与单纯IGF1处理比较,过表达lpa-miR-nov-66或联合处理可明显降低毛色生成相关基因--MITF、TYR、和TYRP1在黑色素细胞的表达。此外,细胞增殖和细胞划痕实验显示,与单纯IGF1处理比较,过表达lpa-miR-nov-66或联合处理可显著抑制黑色素细胞的迁移。上述结果表明,lpa-miR-nov-66可以减少cAMP产生,抑制IGF1的促黑色素细胞产生黑色素的作用,并抑制IGF1对黑色素细胞增殖和迁移的促进作用。     

Inhibition of Ca2+-dependent K+ channels by lead in one-step inside-out vesicles from human red cell membranes

Pb2+ modified the apparent threshold sensitivity to Ca2+ of individual K+ channels with a biphasic time-course. At first, the sensitivity to Ca2+ was lowered with the result of a decrease of the fraction of activated vesicles at a given Ca2+ concentration. Later, Pb2+ increased the sensitivity to Ca2+ and the fraction of activated vesicles. The increase of Pb2+ concentration increased the extent of the initial inhibition but decreased its duration. The inhibitory effect was not observed when the addition of Ca2+ preceded the addition of Pb2+. The presence of Mg2+ in the incubation medium was also required. In the absence of Mg2+, Pb2+ decreased the rate of uptake of 86Rb, but no decrease in the fraction of activated vesicles could be demonstrated.     

Immunologic memory response induced by a meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccine using the P64k recombinant protein as carrier

In this study, we used an adoptive lymphocyte transfer experiment to evaluate the ability of the P64k recombinant protein to recruit T-helper activity and induce immunologic memory response to the polysaccharide moiety in a meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccine. Adoptive transfer of splenocytes from mice immunized with the glycoconjugate conferred antipolysaccharide immunologic memory to naive recipient mice. The observed anamnestic immune response was characterized by more rapid kinetics, isotype switching from IgM to IgG and higher antipolysaccharide antibody titers compared with those reached in groups transferred with splenocytes from plain polysaccharide or phosphate-immunized mice. The memory response generated was also long lasting. Sera from mice transferred with cells from conjugate-immunized mice were the only protective in the infant rat passive protection assay, and also showed higher bactericidal titers. We demonstrated that priming the mice immune system with the glycoconjugate using the P64k protein as carrier induced a memory response to the polysaccharide, promoting a switch of the T-cell-independent response to a T-cell dependent one.     

后磨牙模拟根管模型制备与研究

目的：制备后磨牙模拟根管模型。方法：依照预实验中测试的牙本质和树脂根管模型材料的布氏硬度值（牙本质HB72,树脂块HB54）选取纯铜质铜管为材料（纯铜HB58）同时利用预实验中确认的后磨牙模拟根管模型弯曲角度的范围（70°-60°）并参照树脂根管模型相关数据,设计不同弯曲角度（70°,64°,60°）的纯铜质根管模型,将20套镍钛根管锉随机分为4组,其中3组根管锉分别预备相应角度的10个纯铜质后磨牙根管模型,另一组在临床预备10个后磨牙根管作为对照组。所有镍钛根管锉均在疲劳寿命测试装置中测试疲劳寿命。结果：选用根管长度为16mm±1mm,弯曲半径为5mm,内径为0.70mm的纯铜质铜管制作后磨牙根管模型。其中在弯曲角度为70°的后磨牙根管模型中有33%（2/6）近似临床;在弯曲角度为64°的后磨牙根管模型中有67%（4/6）近似临床;在弯曲角度为60°的后磨牙根管模型中有33%（2/6）近似临床。结论：弯曲角度为64°的纯铜制后磨牙模拟根管模型更接近于临床实际,可为体外研究镍钛根管锉各项指标提供一个较为理想的模型。