WATER SHARING AMONG RAMETS IN A DESERT POPULATION OF DISTICHLIS SPICATA (POACEAE)

Clonal growth enables plants to transport resources among separately rooted but connected ramets, a potential advantage in patchy or unpredictable habitats. Nevertheless, clonal plants are relatively scarce in deserts. To test whether clonal integration of water relations can increase plant performance under natural conditions in a desert species, water movement was traced and connection among ramets was manipulated in the rhizomatous grass Distichlis spicata in Death Valley, California. To examine potential costs of clonal growth form, connections were mapped and analyzed for dry mass and nitrogen content. Movement of dye showed potential transport of water among five ramets up to 1.4 m apart. Severance of connecting rhizomes increased mortality and decreased water potential of individual ramets within 36 hr, indicating that water sharing among ramets could be of significant benefit. However, plants had a high investment of mass and nitrogen in underground organs, which might be a cost of clonal growth associated with desert environments.     

化学合成siRNA抑制H5N1亚型禽流感病毒在鸡胚成纤维细胞中的增殖

为研究RNA干涉对H5N1亚型禽流感病毒的增殖抑制作用,针对H5N1亚型禽流感病毒的NP和PA基因,设计4对siRNA干涉序列,并将其转染到鸡胚成纤维细胞,6h后接种H5N1亚型禽流感病毒液,在病毒感染后的16～56h内测定细胞上清中的病毒血凝价及观察细胞病变,并在病毒感染36h后检测NP、PA、HA和β-actin基因的mRNA水平。结果显示4对siRNA均能不同程度地抑制H5N1亚型禽流感病毒在鸡胚成纤维细胞中的增殖,但以PA为靶基因设计的一对干涉序列效果最优;实验还证实随着时间的延长,干涉效应逐渐减弱。本实验为研究RNA干涉技术防控禽流感提供了依据。     

假芝属一新种

文报道了1988年5月采自香港的假芝属 Amauroderma 的一个新种,命名为香港假芝 Amauroderma hongkongense Fan et Liu,模式标本保存在山西大学真菌标本室。     

耕作措施对冬小麦田杂草生物多样性及产量的影响

在连续5a秸秆全量还田的免耕、旋耕、耙耕、深松和常规耕作试验地中,设置了除草和不除草处理,研究了其对杂草总密度、优势杂草种类、生物多样性指数和冬小麦产量的影响,并分析了杂草与小麦间的竞争关系。结果表明,麦田杂草主要有7种,分别是麦蒿(Descuminia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl)、荠菜(Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik)、燕麦(Avena sativa L.)、田旋花(Convolvulus arvensis L.)、刺儿菜(Cirsium setosum (Willd.) Bieb.)、繁缕(Stellaria media (L.) Vill.)、麦家公(Lithospermum arvense L.)。在未除草条件下,免耕、深松的杂草总密度显著提高;而在除草条件下,杂草密度显著下降。免耕、深松、常规耕作在未除草条件下,优势杂草种类为麦蒿、荠菜,旋耕、耙耕条件下的优势杂草为麦蒿;而除草后各处理的优势杂草均只有麦蒿。耙耕、常规耕作措施在未除草条件下杂草群落具有较高的物种丰富度和均匀度。无论哪种耕作措施,除草能提高冬小麦产量,其中以深松耕作结合除草处理的小麦产量最高。在小麦抽穗期,未除草处理杂草株高接近或高于小麦株高,会造成杂草与小麦间的光竞争,对小麦的生长状况有显著影响,从而导致小麦产量降低。     

Physical and chemical cues affect oviposition by Neoleucinodes elegantalis

Recognition and acceptance of a suitable host plant by phytophagous insects requires the integration of visual, physical and chemical cues. The present study investigates the host cues that a specialist insect integrates to optimize oviposition decisions and whether these cues are weighted in a specific way. The study also determines whether the tomato fruit borer Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), an important pest on Solanaceae in Brazil, shows a preference for oviposition sites that differ in physical and/or chemical cues. When styrofoam balls are provided as artificial fruits, N. elegantalis deposit significantly more eggs on rough artificial fruits than on smooth ones. Hexane fruit extracts applied to the artificial fruits stimulate female oviposition strongly. Physical and chemical cues also affect the oviposition of females when offered together. Furthermore, certain parts of the artificial fruits are prefered, irrespective of the presence of chemical cues. Both physical and chemical cues affect oviposition decisions; hence, the fruit borer relies on cues of different sensory modalities.     

县域生态资产核算研究——以云南省屏边县为例

生态资产(Eco-Assets)是生产与提供生态产品和服务的自然资源。以国家重点生态功能区县——屏边苗族自治县为例,研究了县域生态资产核算的指标和方法,以生态资产综合指数、负债表和损益表,开展屏边县生态资产实物量核算,以期能够切实反映出生态系统实物量的变化和生态补偿成效,结合生态补偿分析屏边县生态资产变化的原因和趋势,给生态补偿政策和离任干部审计提供技术支撑。结果表明:(1)屏边县生态资产核算可以分为森林、灌丛、草地、湿地自然生态系统和农田、城镇和荒漠人工生态系统实物量的核算。(2)2015年,屏边县生态资产指数为1.09,森林和灌丛占据主要位置,二者总和占当年生态资产的95.48%。15年来,屏边县生态资产综合指数降低了16.48%,其中森林和草地降低明显,分别减少了20.10%和6.67%,湿地指数增长了57.11%。(3)2000年以来,生态保护工程和城镇扩张是生态资产变化的主要原因,生态补偿投入持续增加为生态保护工程顺利建设实施提供了保障。本研究表明,现有的土地利用数据和生态环境监测数据基本可以支撑县域生态资产的核算,同时县域生态资产的变化能够体现出生态保护工程实行成效,并为实...     

不同生存条件下东方田鼠肝脏基因表达谱分析

目的比较实验室条件下饲养的东方田鼠和野外捕捉东方田鼠肝脏的基因表达差异,寻找可能参与肝脏病变的关键基因。方法以实验室条件饲养的东方田鼠和野外捕捉东方田鼠为研究对象,分别抽提RNA,逆转录成cDNA,体外转录为cRNA并进行片段化;利用表达谱芯片分别进行杂交,扫描后筛选差异基因,并应用real-time PCR方法对部分基因的表达水平进行进一步测定,验证芯片数据的结果。结果实验室饲养东方田鼠肝组织与野外捕捉东方田鼠相比,共有99个基因和41个EST差异表达。其中参与机体代谢的基因占主导,约占35.4%;其次为参与信号通路的基因,约占24.2%;参与细胞周期和免疫的基因分别占6.1%和3.0%。结论利用基因表达谱芯片初步筛选了可能参与东方田鼠脂肪肝形成过程的基因,发现机体代谢通路的基因占主导,肝脏中细胞色素家族基因表达差异明显。     

中等强度跑台运动预防去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松

目的观察中等强度跑台运动对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松的预防作用。方法将30只3月龄未经产雌性SD大鼠随机分为假手术、去卵巢静止和去卵巢运动三个组。去卵巢运动组每周进行4次时间45min、速度18m/min、坡度5°的跑台训练。实验结束时,检测血清雌二醇（E2）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（TRAP）和骨钙素（BGP）水平以及右侧游离股骨和胫骨的骨密度（BMD）和骨矿物含量（BMC）;同时观察左侧股骨远端和胫骨近端组织形态学变化。结果与假手术组比较,去卵巢静止组大鼠血清ALP活性和BGP含量显著升高,血清TRAP活性和E2含量显著下降,股骨近段和远端以及胫骨近端BMD和BMC显著下降,股骨远端和胫骨近端骨小梁断裂增加、数目减少;与去卵巢静止组比较,去卵巢运动组大鼠血清E2和BGP含量显著上升,股骨三个部位以及胫骨近端BMD和BMC显著增加,股骨远端和胫骨近端骨小梁断裂减少、数目增加。结论中等强度跑台运动能增加去卵巢大鼠血清E2和BGP含量,改善去卵巢大鼠骨组织学结构。     

Multifunctionality of prostatic acid phosphatase in prostate cancer pathogenesis

The role of human prostatic acid phosphatase (PAcP, {"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"P15309","term_id":"130730"}}P15309|PPAP_HUMAN) in prostate cancer was investigated using a new proteomics tool termed signal sequence swapping (replacement of domains from the native cleaved amino terminal signal sequence of secretory/membrane proteins with corresponding regions of functionally distinct signal sequence subtypes). This manipulation preferentially redirects proteins to different pathways of biogenesis at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), magnifying normally difficult to detect subsets of the protein of interest. For PAcP, this technique reveals three forms identical in amino acid sequence but profoundly different in physiological functions, subcellular location, and biochemical properties. These three forms of PAcP can also occur with the wildtype PAcP signal sequence. Clinical specimens from patients with prostate cancer demonstrate that one form, termed ^PLPAcP, correlates with early prostate cancer. These findings confirm the analytical power of this method, implicate ^PLPAcP in prostate cancer pathogenesis, and suggest novel anticancer therapeutic strategies.