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51.
Jesse Bonwitt Ann H. Kelly Rashid Ansumana Schadrac Agbla Foday Sahr Almudena Mari Saez Matthias Borchert Richard Kock Elisabeth Fichet-Calvet 《EcoHealth》2016,13(2):234-247
Lassa fever is a zoonotic hemorrhagic illness predominant in areas across Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Guinea, Liberia, and southern Mali. The reservoir of Lassa virus is the multimammate mouse (Mastomys natalensis), a highly commensal species in West Africa. Primary transmission to humans occurs through direct or indirect contact with rodent body fluids such as urine, feces, saliva, or blood. Our research draws together qualitative and quantitative methods to provide a fuller and more nuanced perspective on these varied points of human–animal contact. In this article, we focus on the hunting, preparation, and consumption of rodents as possible routes of exposure in Bo, Sierra Leone. We found that the consumption of rodents, including the reservoir species, is widespread and does not neatly tally against generational or gender lines. Further, we found that the reasons for rodent consumption are multifactorial, including taste preferences, food security, and opportunistic behavior. We argue that on certain topics, such as rodent consumption, establishing trust with communities, and using qualitative research methods, is key to investigate sensitive issues and situate them in their wider context. To conclude, we recommend ways to refine sensitization campaigns to account for these socio-cultural contexts. 相似文献
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Ofelia Llamazares Iglesias Julia Sastre Marcos Virginia Peña Cortés Alessandra Luque Pazos Bárbara Cánovas Gaillemin Almudena Vicente Delgado Amparo Marco Martínez José López López 《Endocrinología y nutrición》2012,59(2):117-124
ObjectivesTo assess control of blood glucose and other cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic patients monitored at an outpatient endocrinology clinic. To ascertain treatment used and its changes over time.Patients and methodsA cohort of 424 randomly selected diabetic patients (both type 1 and type 2) was monitored from 2004 to 2008. Final cohort size was 343 patients. Data were collected about epidemiological characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, chronic complications, glycemic, lipid and blood pressure control, and treatment at baseline and 4 years.ResultsAfter 4 years, the proportion of patients achieving glycosylated hemoglobin levels less than 7% remained stable (type 1: 18.5% in 2004 vs 21.7% in 2008, type 2: 26.6% vs 26.5%). The degree of achievement of lipid and blood pressure (BP) control levels increased in both groups. The complexity of treatment schemes used to achieve these results significantly increased.ConclusionsStabilization of glycemic control after 4 years of follow-up was a positive result, considering the long course of diabetes, progressive pancreatic function impairment, and complexity of our cohort. Treatment optimization significantly improved BP and lipid control in the study group. 相似文献
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Almudena Hospido Llorenç Milà i Canals Sarah McLaren Monica Truninger Gareth Edwards-Jones Roland Clift 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2009,14(5):381-391
Background, aim and scope Considerable debate surrounds the assessment of the environmental impacts and the ethical justification for providing a year-round
supply of fresh produce to consumers in the developed countries of northern Europe. Society is seeking environmentally sustainable
supply chains which maintain the variety of fresh food on offer throughout the year. This paper compares the environmental
impacts of different supply chains providing lettuce all year round to the UK and considers consumers' meanings of—and attitudes
to—available options. Lettuce has been selected as a case study as its consumption has grown steadily during the last two
decades and the supply chains through cold months are protected cropping in the UK and field cropping in Spain; during warm
months, lettuce is sourced from field cropping in the UK.
Materials and methods Data were collected from farms supplying each of these supply chains, and life cycle assessment methodology was used to analyse
a range of impacts associated with producing (from plant propagation to harvesting and post-harvest cooling) and delivering
1 kg of lettuce to a UK Regional Distribution Centre (RDC). The downstream stages (i.e. retailing, consumption and waste management)
are the same regardless of the origin of the product and were omitted from the comparison. The impacts considered included
potential to induce global warming and acidification as well as three inventory indicators (primary energy use, land use and
water use). Qualitative data were collected in order to assess the consumer considerations of purchasing lettuce also during
winter.
Results Importation of Spanish field-grown lettuce into the UK during winter produced fewer greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions than lettuce
produced in UK-protected systems at that time (0.4–0.5 vs. 1.5–3.7 kg CO2-eq/kg lettuce in RDC). Refrigerated transport to the UK was an important element of the global warming potential associated
with Spanish lettuce (42.5% of emissions), whilst energy for heating dominated the results in UK-protected cultivation (84.3%
of emissions). Results for acidification were more variable and no overall trends are apparent. Results from qualitative social
analysis revealed complex and multidimensional meanings of freshness and suggested that the most striking seasonal variation
in vegetable/salad eating was a tendency to consume more salads in the summer and more cooked vegetables in the winter, thus
suggesting that in-home consumption alone cannot explain the rise in winter imports of lettuce to the UK.
Discussion UK field-grown lettuce had the lowest overall environmental impact; however, those lettuces are only available in summer,
so consumers therefore need to either accept the environmental impacts associated with eating lettuce in the winter or to
switch consumption to another food product in the winter. When lettuces were field-grown in Spain and then transported by
road to the UK, the overall impacts were similar to the UK field lettuces. The variation within farms of the same country
employing different cultivation regimes and practices was bigger than between farms of different countries.
Conclusions This paper has explored the environmental consequences of consuming lettuce year-round in the UK. Whilst recognising the small
sample size, the comparative analysis of the different supply chains does suggest that seasonality can be an important variable
when defining the best choice of lettuce from an environmental point of view.
Recommendations and perspectives Further studies considering more production sites and product types are required to obtain conclusions whose general validity
is clear and for different types of fresh produce. A clear distinction to be made in such studies is whether crops are produced
in open fields or under protection. New characterisation methods are needed for environmental impacts derived from the use
of key agricultural resources such as land and water. Social studies to investigate consumer preferences and the possibility
of moving to more seasonal diets should be an integral part of these studies using samples composed of both urban and rural
consumers and using a mixed methodology with both quantitative and qualitative components.
相似文献
Almudena HospidoEmail: |
59.
Javier Calzada María T. Zamarro Almudena Alcn Victoria E. Santos Eduardo Díaz Jos L. García Felix Garcia-Ochoa 《Applied microbiology》2009,75(3):875-877
Biodesulfurization was monitored in a recombinant Pseudomonas putida CECT5279 strain. DszB desulfinase activity reached a sharp maximum at the early exponential phase, but it rapidly decreased at later growth phases. A model two-step resting-cell process combining sequentially P. putida cells from the late and early exponential growth phases was designed to significantly increase biodesulfurization. 相似文献
60.
Álvaro Gutiérrez-Uzquiza María Arechederra Isabel Molina Rocío Baños Vera Maia Manuel Benito Carmen Guerrero Almudena Porras 《Cellular signalling》2010,22(3):533-542
We present here evidences supporting a negative regulation of p38α MAPK activity by C3G in MEFs triggered by stress, which can mediate cell death or survival depending on the stimuli. Upon serum deprivation, C3G induces survival through inhibition of p38α activation, which mediates apoptosis. In contrast, in response to H2O2, C3G behaves as a pro-apoptotic molecule, as its knock-down or knock-out enhances survival through up-regulation of p38α activation, which plays an anti-apoptotic role under these conditions. Moreover, the C3G target, Rap-1, plays an opposite role, also through regulation of p38α MAPK activity.Our data also suggest that changes in the protein levels of some members of the Bcl-2 family could account for the regulation of cell death by C3G and/or Rap-1 through p38α MAPK. Bim/Bcl-xL ratio appears to be important in the regulation of cell survival, both upon serum deprivation and in response to H2O2. In addition, the increase in BNIP-3 levels induced by C3G knock-down in wt cells treated with H2O2 might play a role preventing cell death.Therefore, we can conclude that C3G is a negative regulator of p38α MAPK in MEFs, while Rap-1 is a positive regulator, but both, through the regulation of p38α activity, can promote cell survival or cell death depending on the stimuli. 相似文献