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排序方式: 共有118条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
61.
Adam H. Freedman Rena M. Schweizer Diego Ortega-Del Vecchyo Eunjung Han Brian W. Davis Ilan Gronau Pedro M. Silva Marco Galaverni Zhenxin Fan Peter Marx Belen Lorente-Galdos Oscar Ramirez Farhad Hormozdiari Can Alkan Carles Vilà Kevin Squire Eli Geffen Josip Kusak Adam R. Boyko Heidi G. Parker Clarence Lee Vasisht Tadigotla Adam Siepel Carlos D. Bustamante Timothy T. Harkins Stanley F. Nelson Tomas Marques-Bonet Elaine A. Ostrander Robert K. Wayne John Novembre 《PLoS genetics》2016,12(3)
Controlling for background demographic effects is important for accurately identifying loci that have recently undergone positive selection. To date, the effects of demography have not yet been explicitly considered when identifying loci under selection during dog domestication. To investigate positive selection on the dog lineage early in the domestication, we examined patterns of polymorphism in six canid genomes that were previously used to infer a demographic model of dog domestication. Using an inferred demographic model, we computed false discovery rates (FDR) and identified 349 outlier regions consistent with positive selection at a low FDR. The signals in the top 100 regions were frequently centered on candidate genes related to brain function and behavior, including LHFPL3, CADM2, GRIK3, SH3GL2, MBP, PDE7B, NTAN1, and GLRA1. These regions contained significant enrichments in behavioral ontology categories. The 3rd top hit, CCRN4L, plays a major role in lipid metabolism, that is supported by additional metabolism related candidates revealed in our scan, including SCP2D1 and PDXC1. Comparing our method to an empirical outlier approach that does not directly account for demography, we found only modest overlaps between the two methods, with 60% of empirical outliers having no overlap with our demography-based outlier detection approach. Demography-aware approaches have lower-rates of false discovery. Our top candidates for selection, in addition to expanding the set of neurobehavioral candidate genes, include genes related to lipid metabolism, suggesting a dietary target of selection that was important during the period when proto-dogs hunted and fed alongside hunter-gatherers. 相似文献
62.
ABSTRACTObesity is a chronic disease that is characterized by increased body fat owing to imbalance between consumed and expended energy. Inflammation generally is accompanied by accumulation of excess lipid in adipose tissue and liver. High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) participates in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. We investigated the relation of the number of HMGB1 positive cells to body mass index (BMI), liver inflammation and the number of Kupffer cells. We divided 18 female Wistar albino rats into two groups: group 1, untreated control fed normal commercial rat diet and group 2, obese rats fed a special diet containing 40% fat. The plasma concentrations of cholesterol, glucose, superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD) and catalase activities were measured for all animals. The numbers of hepatocytes, Kupffer cells and HMGB1 positive cells were counted using stereological methods. The mean numbers of Kupffer cells and HMGB1 positive cells were higher for group 2 than for group 1. The concentrations of plasma cholesterol and glucose levels also were higher in group 2. Plasma levels of SOD and catalase were significantly lower in group 2 compared to group 1. The number of HMGB1 cells was related directly to BMI and inflammation. The role of HMGB1 was demonstrated for the liver of the obese group. We demonstrated the relations among HMGB1, BMI, obesity and inflammation. 相似文献
63.
P?nar Kavak Bayram Yüksel Soner Aksu M. Oguzhan Kulekci Tunga Güng?r Faraz Hach S. Cenk ?ahinalp Turkish Human Genome Project Can Alkan Mahmut ?amil Sa??ro?lu 《PloS one》2015,10(9)
The improvements in high throughput sequencing technologies (HTS) made clinical sequencing projects such as ClinSeq and Genomics England feasible. Although there are significant improvements in accuracy and reproducibility of HTS based analyses, the usability of these types of data for diagnostic and prognostic applications necessitates a near perfect data generation. To assess the usability of a widely used HTS platform for accurate and reproducible clinical applications in terms of robustness, we generated whole genome shotgun (WGS) sequence data from the genomes of two human individuals in two different genome sequencing centers. After analyzing the data to characterize SNPs and indels using the same tools (BWA, SAMtools, and GATK), we observed significant number of discrepancies in the call sets. As expected, the most of the disagreements between the call sets were found within genomic regions containing common repeats and segmental duplications, albeit only a small fraction of the discordant variants were within the exons and other functionally relevant regions such as promoters. We conclude that although HTS platforms are sufficiently powerful for providing data for first-pass clinical tests, the variant predictions still need to be confirmed using orthogonal methods before using in clinical applications. 相似文献
64.
Hawkes WC Richter BD Alkan Z Souza EC Derricote M Mackey BE Bonnel EL 《Biological trace element research》2008,122(2):107-121
The essential nutrient selenium is required in microgram amounts [recommended dietary allowance (RDA) = 55 μg/day, 699 nmol/day]
and has a narrow margin of safety (upper tolerable intake limit = 400 μg/day, 5 μmol/day). We conducted a randomized placebo-controlled
study of high-selenium yeast, the form used in most supplements (300 μg/day, 3.8 μmol/day), administered to 42 free-living
healthy men for 48 weeks. Dietary intakes of selenium, macronutrients, and micronutrients were not different between groups
and did not change during the study. Supplementation more than doubled urinary selenium excretion from 69 to 160 μg/day (876
to 2,032 nmol/day). Urinary excretion was correlated with recent selenium intake estimated from 3-day diet records: urinary
selenium excretion = 42 μg/day (533 nmol/day) + 0.132 × dietary selenium intake, p < 0.001. Dietary selenium intake was not significantly correlated with the other indicators of selenium status, presumably
because urinary selenium excretion reflected recent intake, and tissue selenium was homeostatically controlled. After 48 weeks
of supplementation, plasma selenium was increased 60% from 142 to 228 μg/l (1.8 to 2.9 μmol/l), and erythrocyte selenium was
approximately doubled from 261 to 524 μg/l (3.3 to 6.6 μmol/l). Selenium concentrations increased more modestly in hair (56%)
and platelets (42%). Platelets were the only blood component in which glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly related
to selenium content. Selenium levels decreased rapidly after the end of supplementation, and there were no significant differences
in selenium status indicators between groups by week 96. The absorption, distribution, and excretion of selenium from high-Se
yeast were similar to selenium in foods. 相似文献
65.
Alkan N Fluhr R Sherman A Prusky D 《Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI》2008,21(8):1058-1066
Colletotrichum coccodes was found to alkalinize the decaying tissue of tomato fruit via accumulation and secretion of ammonia. Alkalinization dynamics caused by ammonia secretion from growing hyphae was examined microscopically using the pH-sensitive fluorescent dye 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein. Values of pH of 7.9 observed in the host tissue close to the hyphal tips declined to pH 6.0 at 10 mm away from the hyphal tip, which was a value that was still higher than that detected in the healthy tissue, pH 4.2. Ammonia accumulation at the infection site depended on the initial environmental pH. Treatments with low (4.0) pH buffer at the infection site resulted in high levels of ammonia secretion and increased virulence of C. coccodes compared with similar treatments with buffer at pH 7.0. Significantly, mutants of C. coccodes defective in nitrogen utilization, nit-, and areA- were impaired in ammonia secretion and showed reduced decay development. The reduced infection rate of nit- mutants could be complemented by adding glutamine at the infection site. Thus, ammonia accumulation is a critical factor contributing to C. coccodes pathogenicity on tomato fruit. The results show that the initial acidic pH of the fruit is conducive to ammonia secretion and the subsequent alkalinization of the infection site, and facilitates fungal virulence and the transformation from the quiescent-biotrophic to active-necrotrophic state. 相似文献
66.
67.
Prof. Zübeyde Baysal Fikret Uyar Mehmet Doğru Hüseyin Alkan 《Preparative biochemistry & biotechnology》2013,43(2):184-190
Abstract Production of alkaline α‐amylase employing our laboratory isolate, Bacillus sp., under solid state fermentation, was optimized. The effect of wheat bran and lentil husk was examined. Lentil husk exhibited the highest enzyme production. The appropriate incubation time, inoculum size, moisture level, and buffer solution level were determined. Maximum yields of 216,000 and 172,800 U/g were achieved by employing lentil husk and wheat bran as substrates in 0.1 M carbonate/bicarbonate buffer at pH 10.0 with 30% initial moisture level at 24 h. Inoculum size and buffer solution level were found to be 20% and 1:0.5 for two solid substrates. 相似文献
68.
69.
Yang X Boehm JS Yang X Salehi-Ashtiani K Hao T Shen Y Lubonja R Thomas SR Alkan O Bhimdi T Green TM Johannessen CM Silver SJ Nguyen C Murray RR Hieronymus H Balcha D Fan C Lin C Ghamsari L Vidal M Hahn WC Hill DE Root DE 《Nature methods》2011,8(8):659-661
Functional characterization of the human genome requires tools for systematically modulating gene expression in both loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments. We describe the production of a sequence-confirmed, clonal collection of over 16,100 human open-reading frames (ORFs) encoded in a versatile Gateway vector system. Using this ORFeome resource, we created a genome-scale expression collection in a lentiviral vector, thereby enabling both targeted experiments and high-throughput screens in diverse cell types. 相似文献
70.