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991.
Leoratti FM Trevelin SC Cunha FQ Rocha BC Costa PA Gravina HD Tada MS Pereira DB Golenbock DT Antonelli LR Gazzinelli RT 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2012,6(6):e1710
Background
The activation of innate immune responses by Plasmodium vivax results in activation of effector cells and an excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines that may culminate in deleterious effects. Here, we examined the activation and function of neutrophils during acute episodes of malaria.Materials and Methods
Blood samples were collected from P. vivax-infected patients at admission (day 0) and 30–45 days after treatment with chloroquine and primaquine. Expression of activation markers and cytokine levels produced by highly purified monocytes and neutrophils were measured by the Cytometric Bead Assay. Phagocytic activity, superoxide production, chemotaxis and the presence of G protein-coupled receptor (GRK2) were also evaluated in neutrophils from malaria patients.Principal Findings
Both monocytes and neutrophils from P. vivax-infected patients were highly activated. While monocytes were found to be the main source of cytokines in response to TLR ligands, neutrophils showed enhanced phagocytic activity and superoxide production. Interestingly, neutrophils from the malaria patients expressed high levels of GRK2, low levels of CXCR2, and displayed impaired chemotaxis towards IL-8 (CXCL8).Conclusion
Activated neutrophils from malaria patients are a poor source of pro-inflammatory cytokines and display reduced chemotactic activity, suggesting a possible mechanism for an enhanced susceptibility to secondary bacterial infection during malaria. 相似文献992.
Annaratone L Marchiò C Renzulli T Castellano I Cantarella D Isella C Macrì L Mariscotti G Balmativola D Cantanna E Deambrogio C Pietribiasi F Arisio R Schmitt F Medico E Sapino A 《Translational oncology》2012,5(3):180-189
We investigated whether residual material from diagnostic smears of fine needle aspirations (FNAs) of mammographically detected breast lesions can be successfully used to extract RNA for reliable gene expression analysis. Twenty-eight patients underwent FNA of breast lesions under ultrasonographic guidance. After smearing slides for cytology, residual cells were rinsed with TRIzol to recover RNA. RNA yield ranged from 0.78 to 88.40 μg per sample. FNA leftovers from 23 nonpalpable breast cancers were selected for gene expression profiling using oligonucleotide microarrays. Clusters generated by global expression profiles partitioned samples in well-distinguished subgroups that overlapped with clusters obtained using "biologic scores" (cytohistologic variables) and differed from clusters based on "technical scores" (RNA/complementary RNA/microarray quality). Microarray profiling used to measure the grade of differentiation and estrogen receptor and ERBB2/HER2 status reflected the results obtained by histology and immunohistochemistry. Given that proliferative status in the FNA material is not always assessable, we designed and performed on FNA leftover a multiprobe genomic signature for proliferation genes that strongly correlated with the Ki67 index examined on histologic material. These findings show that cells residual to cytologic smears of FNA are suitable for obtaining high-quality RNA for high-throughput analysis even when taken from small nonpalpable breast lesions. 相似文献
993.
André Nemésio Natália de C. M. Cerantola Heraldo L. Vasconcelos Jo?o Carlos Nabout Fernando A. Silveira Marco A. Del Lama 《Journal of Insect Conservation》2012,16(5):745-755
Euglossa cyanochlora Moure, 1996 (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina) is known from only two specimens and is considered as one of the rarest bees. An intensive search for this species in its expected area of occurrence in eastern Brazil was carried out during three consecutive summers and involved over 1,000?h of active sampling in 50 sites distributed among 20 forest remnants. Almost 15,000 orchid bee males were attracted to scent baits and collected, but only 24 of them belonged to E. cyanochlora. Some degree of mitochondrial gene (COI, cytB, and 16S) variation was observed in this species. Although no intra-specific variation was identified at the 16S locus, three and six haplotypes were characterized at the COI and cytB genes, respectively. Combined data from field work and molecular analysis suggest that the species southernmost distribution limit is close to its type locality, near Parque Nacional do Monte Pascoal, in southern Bahia. The conservation status of E. cyanochlora is discussed and measures for its protection are here proposed. 相似文献
994.
Luize Otero Daiane Correa de Souza Rita de Cássia Tavares Bernadete Evangelho Gomes Telma Fran?a Padilha Luiz Fernando Bouzas Teresa de Souza Fernandez Eliana Abdelhay 《Genetics and molecular biology》2012,35(4):734-736
Monosomy 7 arises as a recurrent chromosome aberration in donor cell leukemia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We report a new case of donor cell leukemia with monosomy 7 following HLA-identical allogenic bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anemia (SAA). The male patient received a bone marrow graft from his sister, and monosomy 7 was detected only in the XX donor cells, 34 months after transplantation. The patient’s bone marrow microenvironment may have played a role in the leukemic transformation of the donor hematopoietic cells. 相似文献
995.
Lopez-Jaramillo FJ Ortega-Muñoz M Megia-Fernandez A Hernandez-Mateo F Santoyo-Gonzalez F 《Bioconjugate chemistry》2012,23(4):846-855
Carbohydrate-mediated molecular recognition is involved in many biological aspects such as cellular adhesion, immune response, blood coagulation, inflammation, and infection. Considering the crucial importance of such biological events in which proteins are normally involved, synthetic saccharide-based systems have emerged as powerful tools for the understanding of protein-carbohydrate interactions. As a new approach to create saccharide-based systems, a set of representative monosaccharides (D-mannose, D-glucose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, and L-fucose) and disaccharides (lactose, maltose, and melibiose) were derivatized at their anomeric carbon with a vinyl sulfone group spanned by an ethylthio linker. This vinyl sulfone functionalization is demonstrated to be a general strategy for the covalent linkage of a saccharide in mild conditions via Michael-type additions with the amine and thiol groups from functionalized supports and those naturally present in biomolecules. The introduction of the ethylthio linker between the biorecognizable element (i.e., saccharide) and the reactive group (i.e., vinyl sulfone) was found to preserve the functionality of the former. The capability of the vinyl sulfone saccharides for the study of lectin-carbohydrate interactions was demonstrated by (i) immobilizing them on both amine-functionalized supports (glass slides and microwell plates) and polylysine-coated glass slides to create sugar arrays that selectively bind lectins (ii) coupling to model proteins to yield neoglycoproteins that are recognized by lectins and (iii) using vinyl sulfone saccharides as tags to allow the detection of the labeled biomolecule by HRP-lectins. The above results were further put tothe test with a real case: detection of carbohydrate binding proteins present in rice ( Oryza sativa ). 相似文献
996.
Martin R. Ciancio Mariela C. Castro Fernando C. Galliari Alfredo A. Carlini Robert J. Asher 《Journal of Mammalian Evolution》2012,19(1):1-8
Late eruption of the permanent dentition was recently proposed as a shared anatomical feature of endemic African mammals (Afrotheria),
with anecdotal reports indicating that it is also present in dasypodids (armadillos). In order to clarify this question, and
address the possiblity that late eruption is shared by afrotherians and dasypodids, we quantified the eruption of permanent
teeth in Dasypus, focusing on growth series of D. hybridus and D. novemcinctus. This genus is the only known xenarthran that retains two functional generations of teeth. Its adult dentition typically
consists of eight upper and eight lower ever-growing (or euhypsodont) molariforms, with no premaxillary teeth. All but the
posterior-most tooth are replaced, consistent with the identification of a single molar locus in each series. Comparison of
dental replacement and skull metrics reveals that most specimens reach adult size with none or few erupted permanent teeth.
This pattern of growth occurring prior to the full eruption of the dentition is similar to that observed in most afrotherians.
The condition observed in Dasypus and many afrotherians differs from that of most other mammals, in which the permanent dentition erupts during (not after)
growth, and is complete at or near the attainment of sexual maturity and adult body size. The suture closure sequence of basicranial
and postcranial epiphyses does not correlate well with dental eruption. The basal phylogenetic position of the taxon within
dasypodids suggests that diphyodonty and late dental replacement represent the condition of early xenarthrans. Additionally,
the inferred reduction in the number of molars to a single locus and the multiplication of premolars represent rare features
for any living mammal, but may represent apomorphic characters for Dasypus. 相似文献
997.
Marina Gobbo Elisabetta Merli Barbara Biondi Simona Oancea Antonio Toffoletti Fernando Formaggio Claudio Toniolo 《Journal of peptide science》2012,18(1):37-44
A set of analogues of the 14‐residue peptaibol tylopeptin B, containing the stable free‐radical 4‐amino‐1‐oxyl‐2,2,6,6,‐tetramethylpiperidine‐4‐carboxylic acid (TOAC) at one or two selected positions, was synthesized by the solid‐phase methodology. A solution conformational analysis performed by FTIR absorption and CD suggests that, in membrane‐mimicking solvents, the labeled tylopeptin B analogues preserve the helical propensity of the parent peptide, with a preference for the α‐helix or the 310‐helix type depending upon the nature of the solvent. In aqueous environment, the spin‐labeled analogues present a higher content of helical conformation as a consequence of the strong helix promoter effect of the conformationally constrained TOAC residue. We observed a progressive increase of the quenching effect of the nitroxyl radical on the fluorescence of the N‐terminal tryptophan as TOAC replaces the Aib residue at positions 13, 8, and 4, respectively. A membrane permeabilization assay performed on two selected analogues, TOAC8‐ and TOAC13‐tylopeptin B, showed that the labeled peptides exhibit membrane‐modifying properties comparable with those of the natural peptaibiotic. We conclude that our TOAC paramagnetic analogues of tylopeptin B are good models for a detailed ESR investigation of the mechanism of membrane permeabilization induced by medium‐length peptaibiotics. Copyright © 2011 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
998.
Meiri D Marshall CB Greeve MA Kim B Balan M Suarez F Bakal C Wu C Larose J Fine N Ikura M Rottapel R 《Molecular cell》2012,45(5):642-655
Actin-based stress fiber formation is coupled to microtubule depolymerization through the local activation of RhoA. While the RhoGEF Lfc has been implicated in this cytoskeleton coupling process, it has remained elusive how Lfc is recruited to microtubules and how microtubule recruitment moderates Lfc activity. Here, we demonstrate that the dynein light chain protein Tctex-1 is required for localization of Lfc to microtubules. Lfc residues 139-161 interact with Tctex-1 at a site distinct from the cleft that binds dynein intermediate chain. An NMR-based GEF assay revealed that interaction with Tctex-1 represses Lfc nucleotide exchange activity in an indirect manner that requires both polymerized microtubules and phosphorylation of S885 by PKA. We show that inhibition of Lfc by Tctex-1 is dynein dependent. These studies demonstrate a pivotal role of Tctex-1 as a negative regulator of actin filament organization through its control of Lfc in the crosstalk between microtubule and actin cytoskeletons. 相似文献
999.
Martins HM Almeida IF Camacho CR Santos SM Costa JM Bernardo FM 《Revista iberoamericana de micología》2012,29(3):175-177
BackgroundFumonisin B1 (FB1), fumonisin B2 (FB2), and overall mycotoxins feed contamination may cause several effects on crops production and animal health. The contamination occurred predominantly in corn and corn-based foods and feeds.AimsThis survey intends to provide the occurrence of fumonisins in swine and equine mixed feeds in Portugal, making an overview from 2007 to 2010.MethodsA total of 363 samples were analyzed, 258 from swine feed and 105 from horse feed with HPLC method. The detection limit was 50 μg/kg for FB1 and 100 μg/kg for FB2.ResultsThe overall results were 13% of FB1 occurrence from 2007 to 2010. FB1 was detected in about 17.0% of swine feed samples, being more frequent in 2010 (32.9%). In this year (2010) levels ranged between 66.7 and 3815.5 μg/kg.FB2 occurred only in 2010 in swine feed (6 samples, ranging between 104.0 to 467.2 μg/kg) and in horse feed (1 sample).ConclusionsThis represents an increase in occurrence through the analyzed years, but this may not be a threat to animal health, once the values were below the recommended guidance values from European Commission. 相似文献
1000.