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71.
Arpana Agrawal Sarah J. Brislin Kathleen K. Bucholz Danielle Dick Ronald P. Hart Emma C. Johnson Jacquelyn Meyers Jessica Salvatore Paul Slesinger COGA Collaborators Laura Almasy Tatiana Foroud Alison Goate Victor Hesselbrock John Kramer Samuel Kuperman Alison K. Merikangas John I. Nurnberger Jay Tischfield Howard J. Edenberg Bernice Porjesz 《Genes, Brain & Behavior》2023,22(5):e12864
72.
Valentina Isetta Josep M. Montserrat Raquel Santano Alison J. Wimms Dinesh Ramanan Holger Woehrle Daniel Navajas Ramon Farré 《PloS one》2016,11(3)
Bench testing is a useful method to characterize the response of different automatic positive airway pressure (APAP) devices under well-controlled conditions. However, previous models did not consider the diversity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients’ characteristics and phenotypes. The objective of this proof-of-concept study was to design a new bench test for realistically simulating an OSA patient’s night, and to implement a one-night example of a typical female phenotype for comparing responses to several currently-available APAP devices. We developed a novel approach aimed at replicating a typical night of sleep which includes different disturbed breathing events, disease severities, sleep/wake phases, body postures and respiratory artefacts. The simulated female OSA patient example that we implemented included periods of wake, light sleep and deep sleep with positional changes and was connected to ten different APAP devices. Flow and pressure readings were recorded; each device was tested twice. The new approach for simulating female OSA patients effectively combined a wide variety of disturbed breathing patterns to mimic the response of a predefined patient type. There were marked differences in response between devices; only three were able to overcome flow limitation to normalize breathing, and only five devices were associated with a residual apnea-hypopnea index of <5/h. In conclusion, bench tests can be designed to simulate specific patient characteristics, and typical stages of sleep, body position, and wake. Each APAP device behaved differently when exposed to this controlled model of a female OSA patient, and should lead to further understanding of OSA treatment. 相似文献
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H.O.J. Collier Alison A. Francis Wendy J. McDonald-Gibson S.A. Saeed 《Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators》1976,11(2):219-225
Sulphasalazine (SZ) inhibits prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis with a potency comparable to that of aceylsalicylate. The metabolites of SZ, sulphapyridine and 5-aminosalicylic acid, were of considerably lower potency as inhibitors of PG biosynthesis in the synthetase preparations used. The inhibition of prostaglandin production by SZ could at least partly account for the clinical utility of sulphasalazine in ulcerative colitis. Sulphapyridine may help to maintain inhibitory concentrations of SZ by restraining bacterial breakdown of the active drug. 相似文献
76.
The effects of calystegines isolated from edible fruits and vegetables on mammalian liver glycosidases 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Asano Naoki; Kato Atsushi; Matsui Katsuhiko; Watson Alison A.; Nash Robert J.; Molyneux Russell J.; Hackett Lucy; Topping Joanna; Winchester Bryan 《Glycobiology》1997,7(8):1085-1088
The polyhydroxylated nortropane alkaloids called calyste-ginesoccur in many plants of the Convolvulaceae, Solanaceae, andMoraceae families. Certain of these alkaloids exhibit potentinhibitory activities against glycosidases and the recentlydemonstrated occurrence of calystegines in the leaves, skins,and sprouts of potatoes (Solatium tuberosum), and in the leavesof the eggplant (S.melongena), has raised concerns regardingthe safety of these vegetables in the human diet. We have surveyedthe occurrence of calystegines in edible fruits and vegetablesof the families Convolvulaceae, Solanaceae, and Moraceae byGC-MS. Calystegines A3, B1, B2, and C1 were detected in allthe edible fruits and vegetables tested; sweet and chili peppers,potatoes, eggplants, tomatoes, Physalis fruits, sweet potatoes,and mulberries. Calystegines B1 and C1 were potent competitiveinhibitors of the bovine, human, and rat β-glucosidaseactivities, with K1 values of 150, 10, and 1.9 µM, respectivelyfor B1 and 15,1.5, and 1 µM, respectively, for C1. CalystegineB2 was a strong competitive inhibitor of the -galactosidaseactivity in all the livers. Human β-xylosidase was inhibitedby all four nortropanes, with calystegine C1 having a K1 of0.13 µM. Calystegines A3 and B2 selectively inhibitedthe rat liver β-glucosidase activity. The potent inhibitionof mammalian β-glucosidase and -galactosidase activitiesin vitro raises the possibility of toxicity in humans consuminglarge amounts of plants that contain these compounds. edible plants calystegines glycosidase inhibitors bovine, human, and rat liver 相似文献
77.
Isabelle Crevecoeur Matthew M. Skinner Shara E. Bailey Philipp Gunz Silvia Bortoluzzi Alison S. Brooks Christian Burlet Els Cornelissen Nora De Clerck Bruno Maureille Patrick Semal Yves Vanbrabant Bernard Wood 《PloS one》2014,9(1)
Despite uncontested evidence for fossils belonging to the early hominin genus Australopithecus in East Africa from at least 4.2 million years ago (Ma), and from Chad by 3.5 Ma, thus far there has been no convincing evidence of Australopithecus, Paranthropus or early Homo from the western (Albertine) branch of the Rift Valley. Here we report the discovery of an isolated upper molar (#Ish25) from the Western Rift Valley site of Ishango in Central Africa in a derived context, overlying beds dated to between ca. 2.6 to 2.0 Ma. We used µCT imaging to compare its external and internal macro-morphology to upper molars of australopiths, and fossil and recent Homo. We show that the size and shape of the enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) surface discriminate between Plio-Pleistocene and post-Lower Pleistocene hominins, and that the Ishango molar clusters with australopiths and early Homo from East and southern Africa. A reassessment of the archaeological context of the specimen is consistent with the morphological evidence and suggest that early hominins were occupying this region by at least 2 Ma. 相似文献
78.
Badrick AC Hamilton AJ Bernhardt PV Jones CE Kappler U Jennings MP McEwan AG 《FEBS letters》2007,581(24):4663-4667
PrrC is a Sco homologue in Rhodobacter sphaeroides that is associated with PrrBA, a two-component signal transduction system that induces photosynthesis gene expression in response to a decrease in oxygen tension. Although Sco proteins have been shown to bind copper the observation that they are structurally-related to thioredoxins suggested that they might possess thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase activity. Our results show that PrrC reduces Cu(2+) to Cu(+) and possesses disulfide reductase activity. These results indicate that some bacterial Sco proteins may have biochemical properties that are distinct from those of mitochondrial Sco proteins. 相似文献
79.
Relationship between body mass,lean mass,fat mass,and limb bone cross‐sectional geometry: Implications for estimating body mass and physique from the skeleton 下载免费PDF全文
80.
Aaron S. Karat Tanvier Omar Anne von Gottberg Mpho Tlali Violet N. Chihota Gavin J. Churchyard Katherine L. Fielding Suzanne Johnson Neil A. Martinson Kerrigan McCarthy Nicole Wolter Emily B. Wong Salome Charalambous Alison D. Grant 《PloS one》2016,11(11)
BackgroundEarly mortality among HIV-positive adults starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains high in resource-limited settings, with tuberculosis (TB) the leading cause of death. However, current methods to estimate TB-related deaths are inadequate and most autopsy studies do not adequately represent those attending primary health clinics (PHCs). This study aimed to determine the autopsy prevalence of TB and other infections in adults enrolled at South African PHCs in the context of a pragmatic trial of empiric TB treatment (“TB Fast Track”).ConclusionsTB, followed by bacterial infections, were the leading findings at autopsy among adults with advanced HIV enrolled from primary care clinics. To reduce mortality, strategies are needed to identify and direct those at highest risk into a structured pathway that includes expedited investigation and/or treatment of TB and other infections. 相似文献