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91.
Brain-derived heat shock protein 70-peptide complexes induce NK cell-dependent tolerance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Galazka G Stasiolek M Walczak A Jurewicz A Zylicz A Brosnan CF Raine CS Selmaj KW 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》2006,176(3):1588-1599
Heat shock proteins (Hsp) are markedly up-regulated at sites of inflammation during autoimmune diseases like experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In this study, we show that Hsp70-peptide complexes (pc) isolated from brains of mice with EAE prevented the development of EAE clinically and pathologically when administered before proteolipid protein 139-151 (PLP139-151) immunization. In contrast, pure Hsp70 or Hsp70-pc derived from brains of healthy mice or other inflamed tissue did not modulate the expression of EAE. In animals in which EAE had been suppressed by Hsp70-pc, lymphocytes showed increased cell death in response to PLP139-151 that correlated with elevated IFN-gamma and NO production. Coculture of spleen cells from Hsp70-pc immunized mice with spleen cells from untreated EAE mice, in addition to depletion experiments, showed that NK cells reduced reactivity to PLP139-151. Transfer of NK cells from Hsp70-pc-immunized mice to recipients sensitized for EAE abolished disease development. Thus, we propose that Hsp70 demonstrate the ability to bind to peptides generated during brain inflammation and to induce a regulatory NK cell population that is capable of preventing subsequent autoimmunization for EAE. 相似文献
92.
We compare the chromosomal 28S and 5S rDNA patterns of the spined loach C. taenia (2n = 48) from an exclusively diploid population and from a diploid–polyploid population using 28S and 5S rDNA probe preparation
and labelling, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The 5S rDNA was located in two to three chromosome pairs, and separated from the 28S loci for the males
and one female (F1) from the diploid population. Loaches from a diploid–polyploid population, and one female (F2) from the
diploid population were characterized by at least one chromosome pair with 5S and 28S overlapping signals. The fishes differed
mainly in their number of 28S rDNA loci, located on 3–6 chromosomes. All individuals from both populations were characterized
by one acrocentric chromosome bearing a 28S rDNA signal on the telomeres of its long arm. The number of major ribosomal DNA
in the karyotype of C. taenia by FISH was always higher than the number of Ag-NORs. Our data confirm the extensive polymorphism of NORs in both populations,
as already has been observed in closely related Cobitis species, and less polymorphic 5S rDNA pattern. However, this preliminary result highlights the need for a wider scale study. 相似文献
93.
Fluoxetine is an antidepressant medicine causing relaxation and mood improvement in people, with silencing certain personality traits in some cases. The question arise if such phenomena can be observed in nontarget organisms such as fish. Fluoxetine affects fishes behavior; however, it is not known if the medicine affects its “personality.” This study aimed to evaluate the reaction of the invasive Neogobius fluviatilis and native Gobio gobio individuals to fluoxetine at environmental concentration of 360 ng/L. We prepared three variants of the experiments: (a) behavioral trials with unexposed fishes, (b) behavioral trials with the same fishes after 21 days of fluoxetine exposure, and (c) behavioral trials with the same fishes after 21‐day depuration period, that is, without fluoxetine. The fishes reaction time (RT), that is, difference in time spent on reaching food with and without the necessity of overcoming the obstacle, was analyzed. Additionally, the personality, bold or shy, traits of each fish individual, was assigned. The results indicated that environmental concentrations of the antidepressant influenced RT. The average RT of the fishes cultured with fluoxetine was by 7‐min shorter in comparison with the nonexposed control. Share of individuals exposed to fluoxetine assigned as bold raised to 71.4% in comparison with 46.4% in nonexposed control. This sheds new light on wild fishes behavior caught from freshwater. Environmental concentrations of the antidepressant influenced the time of fishes reaction and share individuals assigned as bold. Moreover, 21‐day recovery lasting might be not enough to get fluoxetine effect on fishes. 相似文献
94.
Jacek?Siciński Krzysztof?PabisEmail author Krzysztof?Ja?d?ewski Alicja?Konopacka Magdalena?B?a?ewicz-Paszkowycz 《Polar Biology》2012,35(3):355-367
There are only few studies on shallow Antarctic benthic communities associated with habitats affected by intense mineral sedimentation
inflow. The analysis of macrofaunal communities associated with two shallow, isolated glacial coves was performed in Admiralty
Bay (King George Island) and compared with non-disturbed sites. Multivariate analyses (hierarchical classification, nMDS)
clearly separated glacial cove communities (two assemblages) from the sites situated outside both basins (two assemblages).
The community influenced by the streamflow of glacial discharge of meltwater situated in the area with sandy–clay–silt sediments
had a very low species richness, diversity and abundance. It was dominated by eurytopic, motile deposit feeding polychaetes
such as Mesospio
moorei, Tharyx
cincinnatus and Leitoscoloplos
kerguelensis as well as the bivalve Yoldia
eightsi. The second glacial community of the area located at a grater distance from the outlet of the stream was characterized by
sandy–clay–silt and clay–silt deposits and showed also a low diversity and species richness. The most abundant here were peracarid
crustaceans, with the dominant opportunistic feeder Cheirimedon
femoratus. Community from the non-disturbed area with silty–clay–sand, and silty–sand sediments had higher species richness and diversity.
The assemblage of fauna from the sandy bottom has values of those two indexes similar to those found in the disturbed areas. 相似文献
95.
Kepa M Kozłowski T Szostek K Drozd A Walas S Mrowiec H Stepańczak B Głab H Grupa M 《Anthropologischer Anzeiger; Bericht über die biologisch-anthropologische Literatur》2012,69(3):367-377
The aim of the present work is to study the remains of seven individuals with typical symptoms of tertiary syphilis in terms of mercury content in bones, thereby verifying whether they were subjected to treatment and, if they were, how long their organisms were exposed to toxic mercury fumes. Mercury was used, mainly in the Middle Ages and in the early modern period, as a preventive measure in case of individuals suffering from syphilis, a venereal disease, and also leprosy. Syphilitic patients treated this way should demonstrate increased concentration of mercury in their bones. The skeletons studied in the present work originate from various archaeological sites in southern and north-central Poland. The analyses concerned individuals with diagnosed syphilis as well as healthy individuals who constituted the control group. The analyses were performed by the LA-ICP-MS technique, with the use of laser Nd: YAG, Macro, 266 nm, New Wave, USA, coupled with Spectrometer Elan DRC-e Perkin Elmer, USA. The content analysis of the studied bone material revealed with high probability that the contact method of mercurial treatment was used only in the case of two women from north-central Poland, deceased at the turn of the 15th century at the earliest. 相似文献
96.
Wojnicz D Sycz Z Walkowski S Gabrielska J Aleksandra W Alicja K Anna S? Hendrich AB 《Phytomedicine》2012,19(6):506-514
Consumption of cranberries is known to exert positive health effects, especially against urinary tract infections. For this reason, presumably, they are widely used in folk medicine. Different aspects of cranberry phenolics activity were studied in individual papers but complex study in this matter is missing. The aim of the present study is to provide complex data concerning various aspects of cranberry extract activity. We studied the effects of subinhibitory concentrations of commercially available extract (?uravit S·O·S(?)) against two Escherichia coli strains isolated from urine of patients with pyelonephritis. Additionally the main extract anthocyanins were characterized. The activity of extract against lipid peroxidation and its radical scavenging ability were also assessed. ?uravit S·O·S(?) decreased the hydrophobicity of one of the studied E. coli strains, reduced swimming motility and adhesion to epithelial cells of both studied strains, it also limited the ability of bacteria to form biofilm. Expression of curli was not affected by cranberry extract, the assessment of P fimbriae expression was not reliable due to extract-induced agglutination of erythrocytes. Cranberry extract caused filamentation in both studied E. coli strains. It also showed pronounced antioxidant and radical scavenging properties. The properties of the studied cranberry extract show that it could be effectively used in prevention and/or elimination of urinary tract infections, specially the recurrent ones. 相似文献
97.
98.
Thomas C Nightingale CM Donin AS Rudnicka AR Owen CG Sattar N Cook DG Whincup PH 《PloS one》2012,7(3):e32619
Background
Socio-economic position (SEP) and ethnicity influence type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in adults. However, the influence of SEP on emerging T2DM risks in different ethnic groups and the contribution of SEP to ethnic differences in T2DM risk in young people have been little studied. We examined the relationships between SEP and T2DM risk factors in UK children of South Asian, black African-Caribbean and white European origin, using the official UK National Statistics Socio-economic Classification (NS-SEC) and assessed the extent to which NS-SEC explained ethnic differences in T2DM risk factors.Methods and Findings
Cross-sectional school-based study of 4,804 UK children aged 9–10 years, including anthropometry and fasting blood analytes (response rates 70%, 68% and 58% for schools, individuals and blood measurements). Assessment of SEP was based on parental occupation defined using NS-SEC and ethnicity on parental self-report. Associations between NS-SEC and adiposity, insulin resistance (IR) and triglyceride differed between ethnic groups. In white Europeans, lower NS-SEC status was related to higher ponderal index (PI), fat mass index, IR and triglyceride (increases per NS-SEC decrement [95%CI] were 1.71% [0.75, 2.68], 4.32% [1.24, 7.48], 5.69% [2.01, 9.51] and 3.17% [0.96, 5.42], respectively). In black African-Caribbeans, lower NS-SEC was associated with lower PI (−1.12%; [−2.01, −0.21]), IR and triglyceride, while in South Asians there were no consistent associations between NS-SEC and T2DM risk factors. Adjustment for NS-SEC did not appear to explain ethnic differences in T2DM risk factors, which were particularly marked in high NS-SEC groups.Conclusions
SEP is associated with T2DM risk factors in children but patterns of association differ by ethnic groups. Consequently, ethnic differences (which tend to be largest in affluent socio-economic groups) are not explained by NS-SEC. This suggests that strategies aimed at reducing social inequalities in T2DM risk are unlikely to reduce emerging ethnic differences in T2DM risk. 相似文献99.
Dworniczek E Piwowarczyk J Bania J Kowalska-Krochmal B Wałecka E Seniuk A Dolna I Gościniak G 《Acta microbiologica et immunologica Hungarica》2012,59(2):263-269
Enterococci, a complex group of facultative pathogens have become increasingly isolated in various hospital settings. They are considerable frequently cultured from traumatic and surgical wounds. We investigated 57 strains of the species E. faecalis, E. faecium and E. casseliflavus isolated from infected wounds. Their ability to produce virulence factors and their sensitivity to antibiotics were evaluated using phenotypic and genotyping methods. In the phenotype studies, significant portion of the isolates produced biofilm (66.7%) and gelatinase (36.8%). Nearly 30% of the strains expressed hemolytic properties. Only a few produced DNAse (15.8%) and lipase (7.0%). The genes esp, gelE, cylA, cylB, cylM and agg were detected in most of the isolates (38.6-87.7%). All the isolated enterococci were susceptible to vancomycin and were characterized by their low resistance to antibiotics, except aminoglycosides (HLR). 相似文献
100.
Milena Wiech Maciej B. Olszewski Zuzanna Tracz-Gaszewska Bartosz Wawrzynow Maciej Zylicz Alicja Zylicz 《PloS one》2012,7(12)
Numerous p53 missense mutations possess gain-of-function activities. Studies in mouse models have demonstrated that the stabilization of p53 R172H (R175H in human) mutant protein, by currently unknown factors, is a prerequisite for its oncogenic gain-of-function phenotype such as tumour progression and metastasis. Here we show that MDM2-dependent ubiquitination and degradation of p53 R175H mutant protein in mouse embryonic fibroblasts is partially inhibited by increasing concentration of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70/HSPA1-A). These phenomena correlate well with the appearance of HSP70-dependent folding intermediates in the form of dynamic cytoplasmic spots containing aggregate-prone p53 R175H and several molecular chaperones. We propose that a transient but recurrent interaction with HSP70 may lead to an increase in mutant p53 protein half-life. In the presence of MDM2 these pseudoaggregates can form stable amyloid-like structures, which occasionally merge into an aggresome. Interestingly, formation of folding intermediates is not observed in the presence of HSC70/HSPA8, the dominant-negative K71S variant of HSP70 or HSP70 inhibitor. In cancer cells, where endogenous HSP70 levels are already elevated, mutant p53 protein forms nuclear aggregates without the addition of exogenous HSP70. Aggregates containing p53 are also visible under conditions where p53 is partially unfolded: 37°C for temperature-sensitive variant p53 V143A and 42°C for wild-type p53. Refolding kinetics of p53 indicate that HSP70 causes transient exposure of p53 aggregate-prone domain(s). We propose that formation of HSP70- and MDM2-dependent protein coaggregates in tumours with high levels of these two proteins could be one of the mechanisms by which mutant p53 is stabilized. Moreover, sequestration of p73 tumour suppressor protein by these nuclear aggregates may lead to gain-of-function phenotypes. 相似文献