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991.
Abdalla I. Ali Fritz Schulthess Callistus K. P. O. Ogol Charles O. Omwega 《法国昆虫学会纪事》2013,49(3-4):481-486
The effect of nitrogen levels of 0, 60, 120, and 250 kg/ha and insecticide treatment (Furadan) on population densities and parasitism of lepidopteran stemborers, and maize yields were studied in Zanzibar during 2004/05. Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) dominated by 3-fold over Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and 42 fold over Chilo orichalcociliellus Strand (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Stemborer density per plant and parasitism by Cotesia flavipes (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) increased with nitrogen application level. Percentage of bored internodes per plant caused by stemborer decreased with N levels during the short rainy season. Pesticide application reduced densities of all stemborer species during the short rainy season, when infestations were high. Maize yield increased 2 to 8 times with N level, compared to the zero treatment, but the effect was less pronounced in the protected plots. 相似文献
992.
Summary The rates of water use and leaf surface conductance of Citrullus colocynthis (Cucurbitacea) were evaluated from measurements of the surface temperature and microenvironment of leaves. At desert sites in Saudi Arabia the transpiration rates reached 0.13–0.17 g m-2 s-1 and the leaf temperatures were always close to air temperature. Leaf models (dry) placed in the canopy were considerably warmer than the air. To investigate responses over a wider range of conditions, plants were grown in a controlled environment room. It was found that when conditions were made hotter than those that occurred in the desert, the stomatal conductance increased greatly. Transpiration rate attained 0.6 g m-2 s-1 and the leaves were up to seven degrees cooler than the air. The results suggest a finely-tuned control mechanism working like a switch when the leaves experience extreme conditions, and enabling the plant to avoid lethal temperatures. 相似文献
993.
Mei Liu Zhiyang Li Jingjing Yang Yanyun Jiang Zhongsi Chen Zeeshan Ali Nongyue He Zhifei Wang 《Cell proliferation》2016,49(4):409-420
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among women, and its related treatment has been attracting significant attention over the past decades. Among the various treatments, targeted therapy has shown great promise as a precision treatment, by binding to cancer cell‐specific biomarkers. So far, great achievements have been made in targeted therapy of breast cancer. In this review, we first discuss cell‐specific biomarkers, which are not only useful for classification of breast cancer subtyping but also can be utilized as goals for targeted therapy. Then, the innovative and generic‐targeted biopharmaceuticals for breast cancer, including monoclonal antibodies, non‐antibody proteins and small molecule drugs, are reviewed. Finally, we provide our outlook on future developments of biopharmaceuticals, and provide solutions to problems in this field. 相似文献
994.
By adding a biomass carrier to an activated sludge system, the biomass concentration will increase, and subsequently the organic
removal efficiency will be enhanced. In this study, the possibility of using excess sludge from ceramic and tile manufacturing
plants as a biomass carrier was investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of using fireclay as a biomass
carrier on biomass concentration, organic removal and nitrification efficiency in an activated sludge system. Experiments
were conducted by using a bench scale activated sludge system operating in batch and continuous modes. Artificial simulated
wastewater was made by using recirculated water in a ceramic manufactutring plant. In the continuous mode, hydraulic detention
time in the aeration reactor was 8 and 22 h. In the batch mode, aeration time was 8 and 16 h. Fireclay doses were 500, 1,400
and 2,250 mg l−1, and were added to the reactors in each experiment separately. The reactor with added fireclay was called a Hybrid Biological
Reactor (HBR). A reactor without added fireclay was used as a control. Efficiency parameters such as COD, MLVSS and nitrate
were measured in the control and HBR reactors according to standard methods. The average concentration of biomass in the HBR
reactor was greater than in the control reactor. The total biomass concentration in the HBR reactor (2.25 g l−1 fireclay) in the continuous mode was 3,000 mg l−1 and in the batch mode was 2,400 mg l−1. The attached biomass concentration in the HBR reactor (2.25 g l−1 fireclay) in the continuous mode was 1,500 mg l−1 and in the batch mode was 980 mg l−1. Efficiency for COD removal in the HBR and control reactor was 95 and 55%, respectively. In the HBR reactor, nitrification
was enhanced, and the concentration of nitrate was increased by 80%. By increasing the fireclay dose, total and attached biomass
was increased. By adding fireclay as a biomass carrier, the efficiency of an activated sludge system to treat wastewater from
ceramic manufacturing plants was increased. 相似文献
995.
996.
Cd36, a class B scavenger receptor, functions as a monomer to bind acetylated and oxidized low-density lipoproteins 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Martin CA Longman E Wooding C Hoosdally SJ Ali S Aitman TJ Gutmann DA Freemont PS Byrne B Linton KJ 《Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society》2007,16(11):2531-2541
Cd36 is a small-molecular-weight integral membrane protein expressed in a diverse, but select, range of cell types. It has an equally diverse range of ligands and physiological functions, which has implicated Cd36 in a number of diseases including insulin resistance, diabetes, and, most notably, atherosclerosis. The protein is reported to reside in detergent-resistant microdomains within the plasma membrane and to form homo- and hetero-intermolecular interactions. These data suggest that this class B scavenger receptor may gain functionality for ligand binding, and/or ligand internalization, by formation of protein complexes at the cell surface. Here, we have overexpressed Cd36 in insect cells, purified the recombinant protein to homogeneity, and analyzed its stability and solubility in a variety of nonionic and zwitterionic detergents. Octylglucoside conferred the greatest degree of stability, and by analytical ultracentrifugation we show that the protein is monomeric. A solid-phase ligand-binding assay demonstrated that the purified monomeric protein retains high affinity for acetylated and oxidized low-density lipoproteins. Therefore, no accessory proteins are required for interaction with ligand, and binding is a property of the monomeric fold of the protein. Thus, the highly purified and functional Cd36 should be suitable for crystallization in octylglucoside, and the in vitro ligand-binding assay represents a promising screen for identification of bioactive molecules targeting atherogenesis at the level of ligand binding. 相似文献
997.
Studies of human NK cells and their role in tumor suppression have largely been restricted to in vitro experiments which lack the complexity of whole organisms, or mouse models which differ significantly from humans. In this study we showed that, in contrast to C57BL/6 Rag2−/−/γc
−/− and NOD/Scid mice, newborn BALB/c Rag2−/−/γc
−/− mice can support the development of human NK cells and CD56+ T cells after intrahepatic injection with hematopoietic stem cells. The human CD56+ cells in BALB/c Rag2−/−/γc
−/− mice were able to produce IFN-γ in response to human IL-15 and polyI:C. NK cells from reconstituted Rag2−/−/γc
−/− mice were also able to kill and inhibit the growth of K562 cells in vitro and were able to produce IFN-γ in response to stimulation with K562 cells. In vivo, reconstituted Rag2−/−/γc
−/− mice had higher survival rates after K562 challenge compared to non-reconstituted Rag2−/−/γc
−/− mice and were able to control tumor burden in various organs. Reconstituted Rag2−/−/γc
−/− mice represent a model in which functional human NK and CD56+ T cells can develop from stem cells and can thus be used to study human disease in a more clinically relevant environment. 相似文献
998.
Jan-Peter Sowa ?zgür Atmaca Alisan Kahraman Martin Schlattjan Marion Lindner Svenja Sydor Norbert Scherbaum Karoline Lackner Guido Gerken Dominik Heider Gavin E. Arteel Yesim Erim Ali Canbay 《PloS one》2014,9(7)
Background & Objective
Currently, a major clinical challenge is to distinguish between chronic liver disease caused by metabolic syndrome (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD) from that caused by long term or excessive alcohol consumption (ALD). The etiology of severe liver disease affects treatment options and priorities for liver transplantation and organ allocation. Thus we compared physiologically similar NAFLD and ALD patients to detect biochemical differences for improved separation of these mechanistically overlapping etiologies.Methods
In a cohort of 31 NAFLD patients with BMI below 30 and a cohort of ALD patient with (ALDC n = 51) or without cirrhosis (ALDNC n = 51) serum transaminases, cell death markers and (adipo-)cytokines were assessed. Groups were compared with One-way ANOVA and Tukey''s correction. Predictive models were built by machine learning techniques.Results
NAFLD, ALDNC or ALDC patients did not differ in demographic parameters. The ratio of alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase - common serum parameters for liver damage - was significantly higher in the NAFLD group compared to both ALD groups (each p<0.0001). Adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-alpha were significantly lower in NAFLD than in ALDNC (p<0.05) or ALDC patients (p<0.0001). Significantly higher serum concentrations of cell death markers, hyaluronic acid, adiponectin, and TNF-alpha (each p<0.0001) were found in ALDC compared to ALDNC. Using machine learning techniques we were able to discern NAFLD and ALDNC (up to an AUC of 0.9118±0.0056) or ALDC and ALDNC (up to an AUC of 0.9846±0.0018), respectively.Conclusions
Machine learning techniques relying on ALT/AST ratio, adipokines and cytokines distinguish NAFLD and ALD. In addition, severity of ALD may be non-invasively diagnosed via serum cytokine concentrations. 相似文献999.
Fatemeh Nouri Parvin Salehinejad Seyed Noureddin Nematollahi-mahani Tunku Kamarul Mohammad Reza Zarrindast Ali Mohammad Sharifi 《Cellular and molecular neurobiology》2016,36(5):689-700
Transplantation of neural-like cells is considered as a promising therapeutic strategy developed for neurodegenerative disease in particular for ischemic stroke. Since cell survival is a major concern following cell implantation, a number of studies have underlined the protective effects of preconditioning with hypoxia or hypoxia mimetic pharmacological agents such as deferoxamine (DFO), induced by activation of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and its target genes. The present study has investigated the effects of DFO preconditioning on some factors involved in cell survival, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis of neural-like cells derived from human Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (HWJ-MSCs) in presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). HWJ-MSCs were differentiated toward neural-like cells for 14 days and neural cell markers were identified using immunocytochemistry. HWJ-MSC-derived neural-like cells were then treated with 100 µM DFO, as a known hypoxia mimetic agent for 48 h. mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1 target genes including brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) significantly increased using RT-PCR and Western blotting which were reversed by HIF-1α inhibitor, while, gene expression of Akt-1, Bcl-2, and Bax did not change significantly but pAkt-1 was up-regulated as compared to poor DFO group. However, addition of H2O2 to DFO-treated cells resulted in higher resistance to H2O2-induced cell death. Western blotting analysis also showed significant up-regulation of HIF-1α, BDNF, VEGF, and pAkt-1, and decrease of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio as compared to poor DFO. These results may suggest that DFO preconditioning of HWJ-MSC-derived neural-like cells improves their tolerance and therapeutic potential and might be considered as a valuable strategy to improve cell therapy. 相似文献
1000.