全文获取类型
收费全文 | 10308篇 |
免费 | 581篇 |
国内免费 | 32篇 |
专业分类
10921篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 26篇 |
2023年 | 114篇 |
2022年 | 356篇 |
2021年 | 542篇 |
2020年 | 330篇 |
2019年 | 421篇 |
2018年 | 452篇 |
2017年 | 327篇 |
2016年 | 468篇 |
2015年 | 530篇 |
2014年 | 633篇 |
2013年 | 797篇 |
2012年 | 844篇 |
2011年 | 726篇 |
2010年 | 440篇 |
2009年 | 354篇 |
2008年 | 443篇 |
2007年 | 443篇 |
2006年 | 389篇 |
2005年 | 384篇 |
2004年 | 298篇 |
2003年 | 252篇 |
2002年 | 227篇 |
2001年 | 110篇 |
2000年 | 98篇 |
1999年 | 80篇 |
1998年 | 60篇 |
1997年 | 31篇 |
1996年 | 36篇 |
1995年 | 41篇 |
1994年 | 26篇 |
1993年 | 28篇 |
1992年 | 47篇 |
1991年 | 42篇 |
1990年 | 46篇 |
1989年 | 42篇 |
1988年 | 44篇 |
1987年 | 33篇 |
1986年 | 30篇 |
1985年 | 37篇 |
1984年 | 33篇 |
1983年 | 27篇 |
1982年 | 21篇 |
1981年 | 26篇 |
1980年 | 13篇 |
1979年 | 16篇 |
1978年 | 19篇 |
1977年 | 14篇 |
1976年 | 22篇 |
1975年 | 17篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
91.
Mee Lee Looi Saiful Anuar Karsani Mariati Abdul Rahman Ahmad Zailani Hatta Mohd Dali Siti Aishah Md Ali Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah Yasmin Anum Mohd Yusof 《Journal of biosciences》2009,34(6):917-925
Although cervical cancer is preventable with early detection, it remains the second most common malignancy among women. An understanding of how proteins change in their expression during a particular diseased state such as cervical cancer will contribute to an understanding of how the disease develops and progresses. Potentially, it may also lead to the ability to predict the occurrence of the disease. With this in mind, we aimed to identify differentially expressed proteins in the plasma of cervical cancer patients. Plasma from control, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 3 and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) stage IV subjects was resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and the resulting proteome profiles compared. Differentially expressed protein spots were then identified by mass spectrometry. Eighteen proteins were found to be differentially expressed in the plasma of CIN 3 and SCC stage IV samples when compared with that of controls. Competitive ELISA further validated the expression of cytokeratin 19 and tetranectin. Functional analyses of these differentially expressed proteins will provide further insight into their potential role(s) in cervical cancer-specific monitoring and therapeutics. 相似文献
92.
Nakazawa T Takahashi H Nishijima K Shimura M Fuse N Tamai M Hafezi-Moghadam A Nishida K 《Journal of neurochemistry》2007,100(4):1018-1031
Excitotoxicity is a major cause of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death during ischemic diseases such as vessel occlusion and diabetic retinopathy. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Statins, inhibitors of the HMG-CoA reductase, have neuroprotective effects in addition to their original role in lowering cholesterol. We hypothesize that pitavastatin, a recently introduced potent statin, is protective against N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA)-induced RGC death. Pitavastatin, administered by gavage, abolished NMDA-induced loss of RGCs. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effect of pitavastatin, we investigated its impact on inflammation. NMDA increased the expression of interleukin-1beta and TNF-alpha, and endothelial adhesion molecules, including ICAM-1, and induced leukocyte accumulation in the retinal vessels. Pitavastatin significantly reduced NMDA-induced leukocyte accumulation and up-regulation of endothelial adhesion molecules, whereas cytokine expression was unaffected. Systemic blockade of ICAM-1 in wild-type mice or absence of CD18 in gene-deficient (CD18(-/-)) mice significantly suppressed NMDA-induced leukocyte accumulation and RGC death. These findings suggest a novel and causative role for inflammatory leukocyte recruitment in NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. Furthermore, we show the novel neuroprotective effect of statins against excitotoxicity-induced RGC death. Statins or other anti-inflammatory agents may thus have therapeutic benefits in excitotoxicity-associated neuronal diseases through blockade of leukocyte recruitment. 相似文献
93.
Shah HN Rajakaruna L Ball G Misra R Al-Shahib A Fang M Gharbia SE 《Systematic and applied microbiology》2011,34(1):81-86
Strains (n = 99) of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a large number of clinical sources and tested for methicillin sensitivity were analysed by MALDI-TOF-MS using the Weak Cation Exchange (CM10) ProteinChip Array (designated SELDI-TOF-MS). The profile data generated was analysed using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Analysis modelling techniques. Seven key ions identified by the ANNs that were predictive of MRSA and MSSA were validated by incorporation into a model. This model exhibited an area under the ROC curve value of 0.9147 indicating the potential application of this approach for rapidly characterising MRSA and MSSA isolates. Nearly all strains (n = 97) were correctly assigned to the correct group, with only two aberrant MSSA strains being misclassified. However, approximately 21% of the strains appeared to be in a process of transition as resistance to methicillin was being acquired. 相似文献
94.
Moghaddam AM Roudier F Seifert M Bérard C Magniette ML Ashtiyani RK Houben A Colot V Mette MF 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2011,67(4):691-700
Plant genomes are earmarked with defined patterns of chromatin marks. Little is known about the stability of these epigenomes when related, but distinct genomes are brought together by intra‐species hybridization. Arabidopsis thaliana accessions and their reciprocal hybrids were used as a model system to investigate the dynamics of histone modification patterns. The genome‐wide distribution of histone modifications H3K4me2 and H3K27me3 in the inbred parental accessions Col‐0, C24 and Cvi and their hybrid offspring was compared by chromatin immunoprecipitation in combination with genome tiling array hybridization. The analysis revealed that, in addition to DNA sequence polymorphisms, chromatin modification variations exist among accessions of A. thaliana. The range of these variations was higher for H3K27me3 (typically a repressive mark) than for H3K4me2 (typically an active mark). H3K4me2 and H3K27me3 were rather stable in response to intra‐species hybridization, with mainly additive inheritance in hybrid offspring. In conclusion, intra‐species hybridization does not result in gross changes to chromatin modifications. 相似文献
95.
ADHD prevalence has risen in parallel with rising prevalence of pregnancy smoking and childhood obesity. The objective was to determine the epidemiological association of pregnancy smoking and childhood obesity with ADHD. A cross-sectional community study was conducted in 2006 using a parental questionnaire. A total of 1,074 schoolchildren aged 5-11 years were enrolled from 15 primary schools in a lower socio-economic area of Merseyside. ADHD was defined by the question "does your child have Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, (ADHD), which has been diagnosed by a doctor?" The prevalence estimates for childhood obesity, maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood ADHD were 14.9% (116/777), 28.0% (269/955), and 3.4% (32/945), respectively. ADHD prevalence increased fivefold in children with obesity (RR, 4.80, 95% CI 2.2-10.4, P < 0.001) and more than twofold in children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy (RR, 2.44, 95% CI 1.2-4.9, P = 0.02). Regression analysis adjusting for obesity, overweight, maternal smoking during pregnancy, heavy maternal smoking, household member smoking during pregnancy, doctor-diagnosed asthma, preterm birth, and low birthweight showed significant independent associations of ADHD prevalence with obesity (AOR, 4.66, 95% CI 1.57-13.89, P = 0.006) and pregnancy smoking (AOR, 3.19, 95% CI 1.08-9.49, P = 0.04). There was a positive dose-response association of ADHD with the number of maternal cigarettes smoked during pregnancy. Measures to reduce both smoking among pregnant women and childhood obesity might reduce prevalence of childhood ADHD. 相似文献
96.
Shoots and roots ofBacopa monniera (L.) Wettst. have been regenerated from nodal segments on MS medium containing combinations of NAA and BAP. The cultures
showed 100% regeneration on MS (sucrose 2%) medium added with NAA (0.2 mg L-1), BAP (0.5 mg L-1) and glutamine (50 mg L-1). Supplemented with aluminium chloride (up to 400 μM), this medium could ensure successful survival of regenerants. AH the
regenerants, maintained on AlCl3-supplemented medium for the last three years, failed to grow when transferred to AlCl3-free media. Aluminium stress also induced synthesis of proline and proteins. The rate of photosynthesis decreased at increased
aluminium concentrations. 相似文献
97.
Diazotization of primary aromatic amines with isoamyl nitrite in benzene at room temperature was studied employing EPR and spin trapping techniques. Nitrosodurene (ND). 2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane (MNP). and 5,5-dimethyl-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) were used as spin trapping agents. Aryl radicals were detected employing ND and MNP. Using DMPO as a spin trap most of the amines produced EPR spectra ascribed to adducts with aniline-type radicals (N-centred radicals). The assignments were verified using 15JN-labeled anilines. Similar spectra of DMPO adducts were recorded from amines treated with benzoyl peroxide or benzophenone plus UV. Possible mechanisms of formation of these adducts (radical trapping versus nucleophilic addition to DMPO followed by oxidation) during treatment of the amines with isoamyl nitrite are discussed. 相似文献
98.
Inhibition of calcium ATPase by phencyclidine in rat brain 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Pande M. Cameron J.A. Vig P.J.S. Ali S.F. Desaiah D. 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》1999,194(1-2):173-177
Phencyclidine (PCP) is a potent psychotomimetic drug of abuse and has profound effect on the functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). Many of the CNS functions are known to be mediated by calcium (Ca2+). In the present study we have investigated the effects of PCP on Ca2+ ATPase activity in rat brain both in vitro and in vivo. For in vitro studies, synaptic membrane fractions prepared from normal rat brain were incubated with PCP at different concentrations (25-100 M) before the addition of substrate. For n vivo studies, rats were treated with a single moderate dose of PCP (10 mg/kg, IP) and animals were sacrificed at 1,2, 6 and 12 h after treatment. Ca2+ ATPase activity in synaptic membrane fractions was assayed by estimation of inorganic phosphate. PCP inhibited the Ca2+ ATPase in vitro in a concentration dependent manner with significant effect at 50 and 100 M. A significant time-dependent reduction of the Ca2+ ATPase activity was evident in vivo. As early as 2 h after the treatment of rats with PCP the ATPase activity was significantly reduced. The reduction of Ca2+ ATPase observed even at 12 h after treatment suggesting a prolonged presence of the drug in the brain tissue. Further, kinetic studies in vitro indicated PCP to be a competitive inhibitor of Ca2+ ATPase with respect to the substrate, ATP. The present findings indicate that PCP inhibits synaptic membrane Ca2+ ATPase thus altering cellular Ca2+ homeostasis in CNS which may partially explain the pharmacological effects of the drug and/or its neurotoxicity. 相似文献
99.
Orme CD Davies RG Olson VA Thomas GH Ding TS Rasmussen PC Ridgely RS Stattersfield AJ Bennett PM Owens IP Blackburn TM Gaston KJ 《PLoS biology》2006,4(7):e208
Large-scale patterns of spatial variation in species geographic range size are central to many fundamental questions in macroecology and conservation biology. However, the global nature of these patterns has remained contentious, since previous studies have been geographically restricted and/or based on small taxonomic groups. Here, using a database on the breeding distributions of birds, we report the first (to our knowledge) global maps of variation in species range sizes for an entire taxonomic class. We show that range area does not follow a simple latitudinal pattern. Instead, the smallest range areas are attained on islands, in mountainous areas, and largely in the southern hemisphere. In contrast, bird species richness peaks around the equator, and towards higher latitudes. Despite these profoundly different latitudinal patterns, spatially explicit models reveal a weak tendency for areas with high species richness to house species with significantly smaller median range area. Taken together, these results show that for birds many spatial patterns in range size described in geographically restricted analyses do not reflect global rules. It remains to be discovered whether global patterns in geographic range size are best interpreted in terms of geographical variation in species assemblage packing, or in the rates of speciation, extinction, and dispersal that ultimately underlie biodiversity. 相似文献
100.
Shima Rajaei Saeed Karima Hessam Sepasi Tehrani Somayeh Shateri Somayeh Mahmoodi Baram Meisam Mahdavi Farzad Mokhtari Alimohammad Alimohammadi Abbas Tafakhori Abolfazl Amiri Vajiheh Aghamollaii Hamid Fatemi Masoumeh Rajabibazl Farzad Kobarfard Ali Gorji 《Journal of neurochemistry》2020,155(2):207-224