全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4802篇 |
免费 | 390篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
5194篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 6篇 |
2023年 | 47篇 |
2022年 | 98篇 |
2021年 | 163篇 |
2020年 | 127篇 |
2019年 | 139篇 |
2018年 | 153篇 |
2017年 | 161篇 |
2016年 | 208篇 |
2015年 | 274篇 |
2014年 | 305篇 |
2013年 | 336篇 |
2012年 | 423篇 |
2011年 | 374篇 |
2010年 | 239篇 |
2009年 | 204篇 |
2008年 | 251篇 |
2007年 | 267篇 |
2006年 | 197篇 |
2005年 | 201篇 |
2004年 | 201篇 |
2003年 | 144篇 |
2002年 | 156篇 |
2001年 | 52篇 |
2000年 | 37篇 |
1999年 | 52篇 |
1998年 | 32篇 |
1997年 | 47篇 |
1996年 | 33篇 |
1995年 | 24篇 |
1994年 | 23篇 |
1993年 | 21篇 |
1992年 | 16篇 |
1991年 | 14篇 |
1990年 | 18篇 |
1989年 | 11篇 |
1988年 | 11篇 |
1987年 | 12篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 15篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 10篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1973年 | 6篇 |
1961年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有5194条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
111.
Matheus Balduíno Goncalves dos Reis Letícia Correa Manjolin Claudia do Carmo Maquiaveli Osvaldo Andrade Santos-Filho Edson Roberto da Silva 《PloS one》2013,8(11)
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a dietary polyphenol (flavanol) from green tea, possesses leishmanicidal and antitrypanosomal activity. Mitochondrial damage was observed in Leishmania treated with EGCG, and it contributed to the lethal effect. However, the molecular target has not been defined. In this study, EGCG, (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin were tested against recombinant arginase from Leishmania amazonensis (ARG-L) and rat liver arginase (ARG-1). The compounds inhibit ARG-L and ARG-1 but are more active against the parasite enzyme. Enzyme kinetics reveal that EGCG is a mixed inhibitor of the ARG-L while (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin are competitive inhibitors. The most potent arginase inhibitor is (+)-catechin (IC50 = 0.8 µM) followed by (−)-epicatechin (IC50 = 1.8 µM), gallic acid (IC50 = 2.2 µM) and EGCG (IC50 = 3.8 µM). Docking analyses showed different modes of interaction of the compounds with the active sites of ARG-L and ARG-1. Due to the low IC50 values obtained for ARG-L, flavanols can be used as a supplement for leishmaniasis treatment. 相似文献
112.
113.
Mercedes García-Bermúdez Raquel López-Mejías Fernanda Genre Santos Casta?eda Carlos González-Juanatey Javier Llorca Alfonso Corrales José A. Miranda-Filloy Javier Rueda-Gotor Carmen Gómez-Vaquero Luis Rodríguez-Rodríguez Benjamín Fernández-Gutiérrez Dora Pascual-Salcedo Alejandro Balsa Francisco J. López-Longo Patricia Carreira Ricardo Blanco Isidoro González-álvaro Javier Martín Miguel A. González-Gay 《PloS one》2013,8(10)
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex polygenic inflammatory disease associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease. Previous genome-wide association studies have described SMAD3 rs17228212 polymorphism as an important signal associated with CV events. The aim of the present study was to evaluate for the first time the relationship between this gene polymorphism and the susceptibility to CV manifestations and its potential association with the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis assessed by the evaluation of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in patients with RA.
Methods
One thousand eight hundred and ninety-seven patients fulfilling classification criteria for RA were genotyped for SMAD3 rs17228212 gene polymorphism through TaqMan genotyping assay. Also, subclinical atherosclerosis determined by the assessment of cIMT was analyzed in a subgroup of these patients by carotid ultrasonography.Results
No statistically significant differences were observed when allele frequencies of RA patients with or without CV events were compared. Nevertheless, when RA patients were stratified according to anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) status, we found that in RA patients who were negative for anti-CCP antibodies, the presence of C allele of SMAD3 rs17228212 polymorphism conferred a protective effect against the risk of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) after adjustment for demographic and classic CV risk factors (HR [95%CI]=0.36 [0.14–0.94], p=0.038) in a Cox regression model. Additionally, correlation between the presence of C allele of SMAD3 rs17228212 polymorphism and lower values of cIMT was found after adjustment for demographic and classic CV risk factors (p-value=0.0094) in the anti-CCP negative RA patients.Conclusions
Our results revealed that SMAD3 rs17228212 gene variant is associated with lower risk of CVA and less severe subclinical atherosclerosis in RA patients negative for anti-CCP antibodies. These findings may have importance to establish predictive models of CV disease in RA patients according to anti-CCP status. 相似文献114.
115.
Yanelly Trujillo-Cabrera Alejandro Ponce-Mendoza María Soledad Vásquez-Murrieta Flor N. Rivera-Orduña En Tao Wang 《Annals of microbiology》2013,63(2):779-792
Aiming at learning the functional bacterial community in the high humus content, saline-alkaline soils of chinampas, the cellulolytic bacteria were quantified and 100 bacterial isolates were isolated and characterized in the present study. Analysis of 16S-23S IGS (intergenic spacer) RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) grouped the isolates into 48 IGS types and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA genes identified them into 42 phylospecies within 29 genera and higher taxa belonging to the phyla Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, dominated by the genera Arthrobacter, Streptomyces, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Pseudoxanthomonas and Stenotrophomonas. Among these bacteria, 63 isolates represent 26 novel putative species or higher taxa, while 37 were members of 17 defined species according to the phylogenetic relationships of 16S rRNA gene. Except for the novel species, the cellulolytic activity was not reported previously in 9 of the 17 species. They degraded cellulose in medium at pH?4.5–10.0 or supplied with NaCl up to 9 %. In addition, 84.8 and 71.7 % of them degraded xylan and Avicel, respectively. These results greatly improved the knowledge about the diversity of cellulolytic bacteria and demonstrated that the chinampa soils contain diverse and novel cellulolytic bacteria functioning at a wide range of pH and salinity levels, which might be a valuable biotechnological resource for biotransformation of cellulose. 相似文献
116.
117.
Eleonora Echegaray Carlos Cárdenas Sandra Rabi Nataly Rabi Sungmin Lee Farnaz Heidar Zadeh Alejandro Toro-Labbe James S. M. Anderson Paul W. Ayers 《Journal of molecular modeling》2013,19(7):2779-2783
In our quest to explore molecules with chemically significant regions where the Fukui function is negative, we explored reactions where the frontier orbital that indicates the sites for electrophilic attack is not the highest occupied molecular orbital. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) controls the location of the regions where the Fukui function is negative, supporting the postulate that negative values of the Fukui function are associated with orbital relaxation effects and nodal surfaces of the frontier orbitals. Significant negative values for the condensed Fukui function, however, were not observed. Figure
The ?10?5isosurface of $ {f^{-}}\left( \mathbf{r} \right) $ (opaque silver surface) traces the nodal regions of the HOMO (translucent colored lobes, with different colors for different phases) of the phenoxide anion 相似文献
118.
Christophe Morell André Grand Alejandro Toro-Labbé Henry Chermette 《Journal of molecular modeling》2013,19(7):2893-2900
In this work, the third derivative of the energy with respect to the number of electrons, the so-called hyper-hardness, is investigated to assess whether this quantity has a chemical meaning. To achieve this goal a new working expression for hyper-hardness is developed and analyzed. It transpired from this analysis that hyper-hardness, just like hardness, can measure the reactivity or the stability of electron systems. Interestingly, positive values of hyper-hardness point to quite stable species such as noble gases and molecules. On the other hand, radicals almost always display large negative values of hyper-hardness. 相似文献
119.
Alejandro Córdova Rocío Hernández-Gil Cristian Alejandro Córdova-Jiménez Diogo José Cardilli Kellen de Sousa Oliveira José Félix Pérez-Gutiérrez 《Reproductive biology》2013,13(2):166-168
The effect of post-thaw incubation (0 vs. 5 h at 15 °C) and straw size (5 vs. 0.5 ml) on motility, acrosomal integrity and in vitro fertilizing (IVF) capacity of cryopreserved boar spermatozoa was studied. In samples assessed immediately after thawing, no differences were found between the two straw sizes. After 5 h post-thaw incubation, all parameters, except polyspermy, decreased and, spermatozoa packaged in 5 ml straws showed better functional and IVF parameters than these in 0.5 ml straws. 相似文献
120.
Alejandro E.J. Valenzuela Andrea Raya Rey Laura Fasola Ricardo A. Sáenz Samaniego Adrián Schiavini 《Mammalian Biology》2013,78(2):104-110
The American mink (Neovison vison) is a semi-aquatic, generalist carnivore released onto Tierra del Fuego (TDF) Island in the 1940s, subsequently spreading to adjacent islands in the archipelago with potential effects on native prey populations. Knowledge of this new predator's trophic ecology is essential to identify threats, plan control strategies and conserve native fauna. We studied seasonal mink diet in TDF in different habitats. We identified undigested remains from 493 scats collected between May 2005 and March 2009 along marine coasts and freshwater shores (rivers and lakes). Small mammals and fish were the main mink prey in TDF (over 65% of diet items). Seasonal variations were not detected, but diet did vary significantly between marine and freshwater habitats, where more terrestrial items were consumed. Among mammals, mink consumed more small native rodents than exotic species. Native fish consumption was also important with greater representation of species from the families Nototheniidae and Galaxiidae in marine and freshwater habitats respectively. Birds were the third item in importance, but did not constitute a particularly large part of the mink's diet on TDF. Overall, differences found in mink diet between habitats reflected their generalist/opportunistic feeding behaviour and did not differ greatly from observations in its native range or in other areas where it has been introduced. Our results establish the interactions between this novel predator and its prey and also illustrate the need to continue research on native prey populations to quantify mink impact on them and understand the ecological context of this biotic assemblage. 相似文献