Late pleistocene population dynamics: An alternative view

An attempt is made to argue for a more dynamic view of huntergatherer population behavior in place of the largely static one that has been widely accepted. Following a review of how the concept of carrying capacity has been used in both huntergatherer and ecological studies, attention is drawn to the role of stochastic factors in producing fluctuations over time among populations that are small in size. Some of the implications of this alternative view are briefly discussed.Research supported in part by NIH Grant GM 20467-03.This is a revised version of a paper presented at the symposium, Systems and Their Environments, at the Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association, 1973, New Orleans.     

A propos de coefficients de temperature en biologie

Sommaire Une revue des bases théoriques de l'équation proposée parBlehrádek montre que celle-ci n'est autre chose que l'équation d'Esson écrite d'une autre manière (substitution de t° centigrade à T, température absolue). La raison de cette substitution de graduation est basée sur la prétendue existence d'un «zéro biologique» au voisinage de 0° centigrade; impliquant par là, l'équivalence pour un système organique du 0° centigrade au 0° absolu pour un système inorganique.La déduction d'un «coefficient» de température pour la viscosité cellulaire est, de plus, absolument non fondée. Elle repose sur des expériences inadéquates ou sur des extensions illégitimes de raisonnement.Sa revue de l'applicabilité de l'équation d'Arrhenius se montre de plus incorrecte dans son traitement. Elle se base sur des travaux dont les données d'observation sont fréquemment plus que critiquables. Elle montre de plus le grand danger des «moyennes d'observations» ainsi que la nécessité, pour tout travail sur la relation entre l'activité d'un organisme vivant et la température, de procéder à un grand nombre de points de l'échelle thermométrique. Cette technique permet alors de mettre en évidence l'existence de températures critiques pour le processus considéré.     

Dynorphin-Related Opioid Peptides in the Neurointermediate Pituitary of Rats Are Not α-N-Acetylated

Immunoreactive dynorphin in the neurointermediate pituitary of rats was found to consist of four different molecular weight forms. The three larger molecular weight forms, with apparent molecular weights of 4800, 3200, and 1700, constituted more than 80% of the total dynorphin immunoreactivity, and each liberated leucine-enkephalin but not alpha-N-acetyl-leucine-enkephalin upon enzymatic treatment with trypsin followed by carboxypeptidase B. Only a minor portion of the smallest dynorphin-related molecular weight form, dynorphin-(1-8), released alpha-N-acetyl-leucine-enkephalin upon enzymatic cleavage. This suggests that the vast majority of dynorphin-related peptides in the rat neurointermediate pituitary is not alpha-N-acetylated. The exceptionally high opiate-like activity of the molecular weight 1700 dynorphin suggests that this dynorphin-related opioid peptide may constitute the major part of opioid activity in the neurointermediate pituitary of rats.     

Fortress Holland? Support for ethnocentric policies among the 1994‐electorate of The Netherlands

Abstract

The Dutch have a long tradition of hospitality towards ethnic immigrants. In the nineties, however, quite dramatic changes have taken place among the Dutch. The central question addressed in this contribution is: to what extent do specific categories within the electorate favour ethnocentric policies? This question is answered by deducing hypotheses that are tested using recent data polled within the framework of the Dutch National Election Studies. Our crucial conclusion is that a rather widespread support for ethnocentric policies is present in contemporary Dutch society, especially among manual labourers, self‐employed and lowly educated people, but also among young cohorts and among modal income categories.