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11.
Emilio González-Bernardo María Isabel Aguilar Guillermo Delgado Beatriz King-Díaz Blas Lotina-Hennsen 《Physiologia plantarum》2003,119(4):598-604
A bioactivity-guided chemical study of Iostephane heterophylla (Asteraceae) led to the isolation of xanthorrhizol (1) as the compound that causes inhibition of ATP synthesis, H+ -uptake and electron flow from water to methylviologen (basal, phosphorylating and uncoupled) in freshly lysed spinach chloroplasts, thus acting as an inhibitor of the Hill reaction. Acetyl (2), dihydro (3) and acetyl-dihydro (4) derivatives were synthesized. It was found that 4 was less active than 1 and 2 in ATP synthesis, whereas 3 was the most potent inhibitor of the Hill reaction and was also an inhibitor of H+ -ATPase. Studies of the photosynthetic partial redox reactions from PQ to MV indicated that 1 partially inhibited the PQ pool, but that 3 did not. However, both inhibited the uncoupled electron transport in PSII from water to DCBQ. Uncoupled electron flow from water to silicomolybdate was completely inhibited by 3 and partially by 1. The reaction from DPC to DCPIP was inhibited by both 1 and 3. These results indicate that the inhibition site is located within PSII for 1 and 3 as was corroborated by fluorescence decay data. 相似文献
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Aminopeptidase activity is asymmetrically distributed in selected zones of rat brain 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Levels of soluble aminopeptidase (AP), measured as arylamidase activity using L-Leucine-2-Naphthylamide (Leu-2-NA) as substrate, were determined in the soluble fraction of eleven zones of rat brain. Results showed that AP activity is asymmetrically distributed in frontal cortex and hypothalamus with both left sides having significantly higher levels of AP activity, respectively, than the right sides. Simultaneously, the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutamate-oxalacetate aminotransferase (GOT) were measured in the same cerebral regions; no significant difference was recorded in these activities between either side of the rat brain in any of the zones studied. Provided that aminopeptidases are involved in the degradation of some endogenously released neuropeptides, the results suggest a new mode of expression of cerebral lateralization. 相似文献
16.
Indoleacetic acid (IAA), a factor that induces growth in epicotyls of cicer arietinum L. cv. Castellana, increases the autolytic capacity of the cell walls by 50%, suggesting that autolysis is related to the processes of cell wall loosening that accompany growth. IAA promotes an increase in the specific activities of the enzymes involved in autolysis, mainly α-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22). This relationship autolysis-growth. was also observed in a study of the autolytic capacity of cell walls from regions of the epicotyl with different growth capacity. The sugars released and the level of enzymatic protein were higher in the subapical region that towards the base. 相似文献
17.
We studied the behavior of the Poeciliid fishGambusia affinis after the introduction of 3 substances into their tank: a homogenization ofGambusia affinis, a homogenization of the Anabantid fishBetta splendens, and a blank made of distilled water. The response of the fish was measured as a change in their spatial distribution in
the tank after the introduction of the substance. Two sizes of fish were used, and theGambusia homogenization produced clear alarm reactions in both, the fish fleeing to the bottom of the tank. This is one of a few examples
available of recognition of alarm substances in non-ostariophysian fish. In addition, we found that the small fishes that
had recently been exposed to the alarm substance stayed in an ‘alert state’, in which they had an increased sensitivity to
mechanical and visual fright stimuli. 相似文献
18.
Alba Vecchini Luciano Binaglia Paolo Di Nardo Marilena Minieri Giuseppe Tallarida 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》1992,110(1):47-54
The activity of phospholipid base exchange enzymes has been evaluated in cardiac sarcolemmal membranes from Syrian Golden
hamsters and from a hamster strain (UM-X7.1) characterized by a genetic form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. No choline base
exchange activity and only a little serine base exchange activity were detected, whereas the ethanolamine base exchange enzyme
was found highly active in membranes from both strains. For this reason, the present study is focussed on the ethanolamine
base exchange enzyme. The apparent Km for ethanolamine of ethanolamine base exchange enzyme from Syrian Golden membranes and
from UM-X7.1 strain membranes are 18 and 32 μM, respectively. The specific activity of the sarcolemmal ethanolamine base exchange
enzyme is lower in the UM-X7.1 strain than in Syrian Golden hamsters. The calcium-dependence of the enzyme appears different
when the membranes from the two strains are compared. Indeed, after removal of the membrane-bound divalent cations, comparable
activities are found in both membrane preparations, whereas, upon addition of Ca2+ to the incubation mixtures, the activity of the enzyme is enhanced in the membranes from Syrian Golden strain more than in
those from UM-X7.1 strain. The cholesterol content of sarcolemmal membranes is higher in the cardiomyopathic strain than in
the Syrian Golden hamsters. A possible relation between changes of the membrane lipid composition and of the ethanolamine
base exchange activity is discussed. 相似文献
19.
Alessandro Negro Irene Martini Emilio Bigon Flavia Cazzola Cristina Minozzi Stephen D. Skaper Lanfranco Callegaro 《Gene》1992,110(2)
The gene(NGFB) encoding the β subunit of mature human nerve growth factor (hNGFB) was subcloned into the pJLA503 expression vector under the control of bacteriophage promoters pR and pL, and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein represented approximately 3% of the total cellular protein. Biologically active hNGFB was solubilized (0.2% total NGFB) and purified by cation-exchange chromatography and it yielded two bands on polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions, corresponding to the monomeric (14 kDa) and homodimeric (26.5 kDa) forms of the molecule. Both hNGFB forms were immunopositive on Western blots with rabbit anti-NGFB antibodies; however, following additional purification, only the species corresponding to the hNGFB homodimer was biologically active on cultured chicken dorsal root ganglion neurons. These results demonstrate the feasibility of synthesizing the biologically active form of hNGFB in E. coli. 相似文献
20.
Emilio Román Galán Jaun A. Galbis Pérez Mariá A. Arévalo Arévalo 《Carbohydrate research》1983,116(2):255-262
The reaction between 2-(benzylamino)-2-deoxy-d-glycero-l-gluco-heptose and 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione yields 1-benzyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-6,6-dimethyl-2-(d-galacto-pentitol-1-yl)-indol-4-one (2). Acid-catalyzed, intramolecular dehydration of 2 under kinetically controlled conditions gives 1-benzyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2-α-d-lyxofuranosyl-6,6-dimethylindol-4-one; the anomeric configuration of this compound is only suggested. When the dehydration reaction is conducted under thermodynamically controlled conditions, it produces a 1:1 mixture of the α- and β-d-lyxopyranosyl compounds. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by chemical and physical methods. 相似文献