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71.
Graham E. Forrester Caitlin O'Connell‐Rodwell Patricia Baily Linda M. Forrester Sandra Giovannini Lindsay Harmon Rebecca Karis Jason Krumholz Timothy Rodwell Lianna Jarecki 《Restoration Ecology》2011,19(3):299-306
Restoration of rare corals is desirable and restoration projects are fairly common, but scientific evaluation of this approach is limited. We tested several techniques for transplant and restabilization of Acropora palmata (the elkhorn coral), an ecologically important Caribbean coral whose populations have suffered severe declines. In rough weather, fragments break‐off colonies of branching corals like A. palmata as a normal form of asexual reproduction. We transplanted naturally produced coral fragments from remnant populations to nearby restoration sites. Untouched control fragments at the donor site died faster and grew slower than fragments attached to the reef, so attaching fragments to the reef is beneficial. Transplanted fragments grew and died at a rate similar to fragments left at the donor site (both groups were attached to the reef), so there were no effects of moving fragments or differences in habitat quality between donor and restoration sites. Growth and survival were similar using four methods of attaching fragments to the reef: cable ties, two types of epoxy resin, and hydrostatic cement. Corals sometimes compete with the macroalgae that dominate degraded reefs, and clearing surrounding algae improved the growth of fragments. After 4 years, transplanted fragments grew to 1,450 cm2 in area and so were potentially sexually active. Because the methods tested are simple and cheap, they could be used by volunteer recreational divers to restore locally extirpated A. palmata populations or to enhance reefs where natural recovery is slow. 相似文献
72.
Digambaranath JL Campbell TV Chung A McPhail MJ Stevenson KE Zohdy MA Finke JM 《Proteins》2011,79(5):1427-1440
Polyglutamine repeats in proteins are highly correlated with amyloid formation and neurological disease. To better understand the molecular basis of glutamine repeat diseases, structural analysis of polyglutamine peptides as soluble monomers, oligomers, and insoluble amyloid fibrils is necessary. In this study, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments and molecular dynamics simulations using different theoretical models of polyglutamine were conducted. This study demonstrates that a previously proposed simple C(α)C(β) model of polyglutamine, denoted as FCO, accurately reproduced the present FRET results and the results of previously published FRET, triplet-state quenching, and fluorescence correlation studies. Other simple C(α)C(β) models with random coil and extended β-strand parameters, and all-atom models with parm96 and parm99SB force fields, did not match the FRET result well. The FCO is an intrinsically disordered model with a high-effective persistence length producing extended peptides at short lengths (Q(N) < 10). Because of an increasing number of attractive Q-Q interactions at longer lengths, the FCO model becomes increasingly more compact at lengths between Q(N) ~ 10-16 and is as compact as many folded proteins at Q(N) > 16. 相似文献
73.
Yokota M Berglund LG Santee WR Buller MJ Karis AJ Roberts WS Cuddy JS Ruby BC Hoyt RW 《Journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength & Conditioning Association》2012,26(Z2):S37-S44
A real-time thermoregulatory model using noninvasive measurements as inputs was developed for predicting physiological responses of individuals working long hours. The purpose of the model is to reduce heat-related injuries and illness by predicting the physiological effects of thermal stress on individuals while working. The model was originally validated mainly by using data from controlled laboratory studies. This study expands the validation of the model with field data from 26 test volunteers, including US Marines, Australian soldiers, and US wildland fire fighters (WLFF). These data encompass a range of environmental conditions (air temperature: 19-30° C; relative humidity: 25-63%) and clothing (i.e., battle dress uniform, chemical-biological protective garment, WLFF protective gear), while performing diverse activities (e.g., marksmanship, marching, extinguishing fires, and digging). The predicted core temperatures (Tc), calculated using environmental, anthropometric, clothing, and heart rate measures collected in the field as model inputs, were compared with subjects' Tc collected with ingested telemetry temperature pills. Root mean standard deviation (RMSD) values, used for goodness of fit comparisons, indicated that overall, the model predictions were in close agreement with the measured values (grand mean of RMSD: 0.15-0.38° C). Although the field data showed more individual variability in the physiological data relative to more controlled laboratory studies, this study showed that the performance of the model was adequate. 相似文献
74.
Aavo-Valdur?MikelsaarEmail author Alar?Sünter Ruth?Mikelsaar Peeter?Toomik Anu?K?iveer Imre?Mikelsaar Erkki?Juronen 《Cell division》2012,7(1):21
Background
Previously we have reported on the development of a new mouse anti-titin monoclonal antibody, named MAb Titl 5 H1.1, using the synthetic peptide N-AVNKYGIGEPLESDSVVAK-C which corresponds to an amino acid sequence in the A-region of the titin molecule as immunogen. In the human skeletal muscles, MAb Titl 5 H1.1 reacts specifically with titin in the A-band of the sarcomere and in different non-muscle cell types with nucleus and cytoplasm, including centrioles. In this report we have studied the evolutionary aspects of the binding of MAb Tit1 5 H1.1 with its target antigen (titin).Results
We have specified the epitope area of MAb Tit1 5 H1.1 by subpeptide mapping to the hexapeptide N-AVNKYG-C. According to protein databases this amino acid sequence is located in the COOH-terminus of several different Fn3 domains of the A-region of titin molecule in many organisms, such as human being, mouse, rabbit, zebrafish (Danio rerio), and even in sea squirt (Ciona intestinalis). Our immunohisto- and cytochemical studies with MAb Tit1 5 H1.1 in human, mouse and zebrafish tissues and cell cultures showed a striated staining pattern in muscle cells and also staining of centrioles, cytoplasm and nuclei in non-muscle cells.Conclusions
The data confirm that titin can play, in addition to the known roles in striated muscle cells also an important role in non-muscle cells as a centriole associated protein. This phenomenon is highly conserved in the evolution and is related to Fn3 domains of the titin molecule. Using titin A-band-specific monoclonal antibody MAb Tit1 5 H1.1 it was possible to locate titin in the sarcomeres of skeletal muscle cells and in the centrioles, cytoplasm and nuclei of non-muscle cells in phylogenetically so distant organisms as Homo sapiens, Mus musculus and zebrafish (Danio rerio).75.
Walseng E Furuta K Goldszmid RS Weih KA Sher A Roche PA 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2010,285(53):41749-41754
The expression of MHC class II (MHC-II) on the surface of antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), is tightly regulated during cellular activation. Many cells, including DCs, are activated following stimulation of innate Toll-like receptors (TLRs) by products of microorganisms. In the resting (immature) state, MHC-II is ubiquitinated in immature DCs and is rapidly degraded; however, after activation of these cells with MyD88-dependent TLR ligands, MHC-II ubiquitination is blocked, and MHC-II survival is prolonged. We now show that DC activation using MyD88-dependent TLR ligands, MyD88-independent TLR ligands, and even infection with the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii leads to identical changes in MHC-II expression, ubiquitination, and surface stability, revealing a conserved role for enhanced MHC-II stability after DC activation by different stimuli. 相似文献
76.
Recent biochemical studies revealed that ric-8A encodes a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for a subset of Galpha proteins. Ric-8 is a key component of a signaling network in C. elegans that regulates neurotransmitter secretion and also plays a role in centrosome-mediated events during early embryogenesis. Here we show that during the early development in mice (E9.5-E12.0) ric-8 (synembryn) is expressed in the developing nervous system such as the cranial ganglia, neural tube, sympathetic chain and dorsal root ganglia. Ric-8 is also found in the lens, vomeronasal organ, and endolymphatic sac. In adult brain, it is expressed in the neocortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum as well as in the pineal gland and ependymal layer. 相似文献
77.
Bach P Nilsson K Svensson T Bauer U Hammerland LG Peterson A Wållberg A Osterlund K Karis D Boije M Wensbo D 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2006,16(18):4788-4791
Studies of structure-activity relationships for the linker in a new series of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 antagonists are presented together with in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic data. 相似文献
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McKenzie RJ Muller EM Skinner AK Karis PO Barker NP 《American journal of botany》2006,93(8):1222-1235
Asteraceae are the largest family in southern Africa. Elucidating its origins and radiation in the region requires well-supported species-level phylogenies of the lineages. This paper presents a phylogenetic framework for subtribe Arctotidinae, which have a southern and eastern African-Australian distribution centered in the winter-rainfall region of South Africa. DNA sequence data from five chloroplast fragments (ndhF, psbA-trnH, rps16, trnS-trnfM, and trnT-trnF) and the nuclear ITS region were analyzed separately and in combination using parsimony and Bayesian methods. The data sets comprised exemplars from 18 ingroup species, representing the five currently accepted genera, and four outgroup species from Gorteriinae. All analyses indicated Arctotis and Haplocarpha are polyphyletic as presently circumscribed. The Australian-endemic Cymbonotus lawsonianus was placed within a strongly supported clade also containing A. arctotoides from South Africa and H. schimperi from eastern Africa. Retention of Dymondia and resurrection of Landtia at generic level are strongly supported. The phylogenetic hypotheses indicate the subtribe might have originated in temperate southern or eastern Africa, or it was ancestrally widespread in southern Africa and has diversified vicariously. The derived placement of C. lawsonianus indicates long-distance dispersal from southern Africa to Australia occurred. 相似文献