全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6281篇 |
免费 | 510篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 39篇 |
2021年 | 71篇 |
2020年 | 35篇 |
2019年 | 69篇 |
2018年 | 62篇 |
2017年 | 85篇 |
2016年 | 145篇 |
2015年 | 197篇 |
2014年 | 243篇 |
2013年 | 369篇 |
2012年 | 394篇 |
2011年 | 402篇 |
2010年 | 283篇 |
2009年 | 299篇 |
2008年 | 396篇 |
2007年 | 411篇 |
2006年 | 396篇 |
2005年 | 387篇 |
2004年 | 390篇 |
2003年 | 412篇 |
2002年 | 384篇 |
2001年 | 70篇 |
2000年 | 52篇 |
1999年 | 86篇 |
1998年 | 130篇 |
1997年 | 86篇 |
1996年 | 72篇 |
1995年 | 84篇 |
1994年 | 64篇 |
1993年 | 58篇 |
1992年 | 65篇 |
1991年 | 50篇 |
1990年 | 38篇 |
1989年 | 34篇 |
1988年 | 33篇 |
1987年 | 22篇 |
1986年 | 22篇 |
1985年 | 27篇 |
1984年 | 37篇 |
1983年 | 16篇 |
1982年 | 32篇 |
1981年 | 28篇 |
1980年 | 33篇 |
1979年 | 30篇 |
1978年 | 19篇 |
1977年 | 20篇 |
1976年 | 19篇 |
1975年 | 18篇 |
1974年 | 15篇 |
1972年 | 15篇 |
排序方式: 共有6793条查询结果,搜索用时 656 毫秒
101.
Suzanne Demczuk Annie Lévy Muriel Aubry Marie-Françoise Croquette Nicole Philip Marguerite Prieur Ursula Sauer Patrice Bouvagnet Guy A. Rouleau Gilles Thomas Alain Aurias 《Human genetics》1995,96(1):9-13
We have determined the parental origin of the deleted chromosome 22 in 29 cases of DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) using a CA-repeat mapping within the commonly deleted region, and in one other case by using a chromosome 22 short arm heteromorphism. The CA-repeat was informative in 21 out of 29 families studied and the deleted chromosome was of maternal origin in 16 cases (72%). When these data are pooled with recent results from the literature, 24 de novo DGS, velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) and isolated conotruncal cardiac disease deletions are found to be of maternal origin and 8 of paternal origin, yielding a 2 of 8 with a probability level lower than 0.01. These data, and review of the literature on familial DGS/VCFS and isolated conotruncal cardiopathies suggest that there is a strong tendency for the 22q11.2 deletions to be of maternal origin. 相似文献
102.
Summary Radiation damping is a phenomenon well known among NMR spectroscopists of proteins as a source of undesirable features, especially in high-field and high-Q probe NMR. In this paper, we present an electronic neutralization network which dramatically reduces radiation damping. It detects the radiation field profile and feeds back into the probe an rf field with identical amplitude and opposite phase. Experimental results of a practical implementation carried out on a 400 MHz Bruker spectrometer are shown. 相似文献
103.
Studies of Leptinotarsa decemlineata larvae infected by Beauveria bassiana during ecdysis have enabled us to define the modes of fungal penetration employed to enter the ecdysial cuticle. We have observed the mechanically active passage of the penetrant hyphae and have followed the growth of the filaments and blastospore formation in the molting fluid. The attack of the new integument and its consequent alteration and the entry into the body cavity have also been studied. The infection develops rapidly in some of the larvae which die in premolt, while others are able to molt. Conditions rendered abnormal due to the presence of the fungus cause integumentary injuries which serve as an important factor in pathogenesis since they enhance the entry of fungal elements and bacteria thereby inducing septicemia. Contaminated larvae are able to molt, showing no signs of injury or disease, and survive for a long time, until the fungus finally invades the organism and causes death. This postponement of mortality shows that molting and hemocytic reactions are, to a certain extent, an effective defense mechanism. These last observations can be useful in the understanding of pathological processes associated with a hidden phase of fungal infection. 相似文献
104.
Georges Rapoport André Klier Alain Billault Françoise Fargette Raymond Dedonder 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1979,176(2):239-245
Summary A collection of about 2500 clones containing hybrid plasmids representative of nearly the entire genome of B. subtilis 168 was established in E. coli SK1592 by using the poly(dA)·poly(dT) joining method with randomly sheared DNA fragments and plasmid pHV33, a bifunctional vector which can replicate in both E. coli and B. subtilis. Detection of cloned recombinant DNA molecules was based on the insertional inactivation of the Tc gene occurring at the unique BamHI cleavage site present in the vector plasmid.Thirty individual clones of the collection were shown to hybridize specifically with a B. subtilis rRNA probe. CCC-recombinant plasmids extracted from E. coli were pooled in lots of 100 and used to transform auxotrophic mutants of B. subtilis 168. Complementation of these auxotrophic mutations was observed for several markers such as thr, leuA, hisA, glyB and purB. In several cases, markers carried by the recombinant plasmids were lost from the plasmid and integrated into the chromosomal DNA. Loss of genetic markers from the hybrid plasmids did not occur when a rec
- recipient strain of B. subtilis was used.Abbreviations ApR
resistance to ampicillin
- TcR
resistance to tetracycline
- CmR
resistance to chloramphenicol
- CCC
covalently closed circular duplex
- Mdal
magadalton 相似文献
105.
The search for C allotypes as defined by the markers common to domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus) was extended to additional lagomorphs of the familiesLeporidae andOchotonidae. None of theOchotona sera obtained from Afghanistan and Iran (Ochotona rufescens) exhibited the d11, d12, or e14 allotypes. The e15 marker was detected only by radioimmune binding assays. Comparative inhibition of binding assays revealed similarities with other lagomorphs with respect to the e15i determinant. As in some variants of hare e15 markers, the e15j determinant is absent inOchotona. The results provided a revised phylogenetic scheme for the evolution of the C gene on the basis of the e-series allotypes. 相似文献
106.
Amber mutations in Escherichia coli essential genes: isolation of mutants affected in the ribosomes.
Geneviève Delcuve Teresa Cabezón Alain Ghysen Albert Herzog Alex Bollen 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1977,157(2):149-153
Summary A method to obtain amber mutations in ribosomal protein genes is described. It relies on the P1-mediated localized mutagenesis (Hong and Ames, 1971) and on the fact that the recipient strain contains (a) an efficient but genetically unstable suppressor, (b) a particular thermoinducible prophage which kills suppressor hosts at 42° C. Exposure of these bacteria to the high temperature yields frequent suppressor-free derivatives while none will be found if the strain carries an amber mutation in an essential gene. Eleven mutants have been isolated by this method, of which at least six appear to carry amber mutations. All of them map close to, and to the right of spcA, in a region which codes mostly for ribosomal proteins. Three mutants were studied biochemically; all three show defective ribosomal assembly in vivo upon loss of suppression. 相似文献
107.
3- O-(2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranosyl)-α-d-galactopyranose (10, “Lacto-N-biose II”) was synthesized by treatment of benzyl 6-O-allyl-2,4-di-O-benzyl-β-d-galactopyranoside with 2-methyl-(3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-1,2-dideoxy-α-d-glucopyrano)[2,1-d]-2-oxazoline (5), followed by selective O-deallylation, O-deacetylation, and catalytic hydrogenolysis. Condensation of 5 with benzyl 6-O-allyl-2-O-benzyl-α-d-galactopyranoside, followed by removal of the protecting groups, gave 10 and a new, branched trisaccharide, 3,4-di-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranosyl)-d-galactopyranose (27). 相似文献
108.
Alain Rabi Maryse Selme-Matrat Marie-Claude Clavel Jean Clos Jacques Legrand 《Developmental neurobiology》1977,8(4):337-354
Newborn rats were treated at different stages of their development with low doses of methylazoxymethanol acetate. The postnatal increase of the DNA content of the cerebrum did not differ from that of controls. In the cerebellum, the DNA content was transitorily reduced, but later, the external granular layer became thicker and DNA deposition increased in comparison with controls; finally, the cerebellar DNA returned to a normal value. Morphological abnormalities of the cerebellum, abnormal orientation of migrating cells, scattering of Purkinje cell bodies within the internal granule cells and specially striking abnormalities of the morphology and orientation of Purkinje cell dendrites were noted in rats treated with MAM from birth to day 3. The effects on the Purkinje cell morphogenesis persisted but were much less marked when MAM was given from 4 to 7 or from 8 to 11 days. Neonatal thyroid deficiency, as MAM-treatment between days 0 and 3, leads to an abnormal position of Purkinje cell bodies within the cerebellar cortex; it also leads to morphological abnormalities of their dendritic arborization which closely resemble those observed after MAM-treatment during the second postnatal week. It also alters the cell formation in the cerebellum. Thyroid deficiency probably exerts its effect on cell formation earlier than previous biochemical studies have shown. On another hand, the morphological abnormalities of Purkinje cell arborizations in the thyroid-deficient animals may be partly due to the perturbations of cell formation which persist later in the cerebellum. 相似文献
109.
Flemming Kristensen Christoph Walker Florence Bettens Franziska Joncourt Alain L. de Weck 《Cellular immunology》1982,74(1):140-149
When mouse thymocytes are stimulated with PHA, the proliferative response is very low, unless the culture medium is enriched with interleukin 1 (IL-1)- or interleukin 2 (IL-2)-containing supernatants. Cytofluorometric analyses show, however, that PHA stimulation generates a significant number of cells with increased RNA content (transition from the G0 to G1 phase of the cell cycle). If IL-2 is added to such cultures, the activated cells complete their process of RNA synthesis and then enter the S phase. The use of IL-2-containing culture medium thus permits one to obtain a high correlation between the number of g1 cells and [3H]thymidine incorporation (r = 0.97). Enrichment with IL-1-containing supernatants also results in a statistically significant correlation (r = 0.68), but the regression lines are markedly different for the two interleukins (s = 20.3 for IL-2 and s = 9.2 for IL-1), when analyzed after 48 hr of incubation. These observations suggest that the G1 phase must be divided into two subcompartments, G1a and G1b, the G1a-G1b transition being an IL-2-dependent event. If the number of G1b cells is used to establish correlations with [3H]thymidine incorporation, all values fall on the same regression line, regardless of culture conditions and of the addition of interleukins. It is concluded that IL-2 regulates lymphocyte proliferation at the level of RNA synthesis (G1a-G1b transition) rather than that of DNA synthesis (G1-S transition). 相似文献
110.
Severino Michelin Isabelle Varlet Ccile Martinerie Bernard Perbal Alain Sarasin Horacio G. Surez 《Experimental cell research》1991,196(2)
Human Xeroderma pigmentosum “normal” fibroblasts AS16 (XP4 VI) were transformed after transfection with a recombinant v-myb clone. In this clone (pKXA 3457) derived from avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV), the expression of the oncogene sequences is driven by the AMV U-5 LTR promoter. The transformed cells (ASKXA), which have integrated a rearranged v-myb oncogene, grow in agar, are not tumorigenic in nude mice, and express a 45-kDa v-myb protein. The HMW DNA of these cells transform chicken embryo fibroblasts. The c-Ha-ras oncogene is overexpressed in the ASKXA cells but not in the parental “normal” AS16 cells and a revertant clone (ASKXA Cl 1.1 G). Our results lead to the conclusion that the XP fibroblasts are phenotipically transformed by the presence of the transfected v-myb oncogene, which is able to induce an overexpression of the c-Ha-ras gene. 相似文献