家蚕第12连锁群EST-SSR标记的筛选和分析

为了探究家蚕Bombyx mori EST-SSR标记的多态性, 对检索获得的家蚕第12连锁群的4 465条EST序列进行了分析, 整理和拼接后得到581条非冗余EST序列, 总长度约为480 kb。其中, 有122条序列中共检测到154个EST-SSR, 占所研究的EST序列的2.73%, 平均每3.12 kb 含有一个EST-SSR。在所检测的EST-SSR中, 三核苷酸和四核苷酸重复是主导类型, 分别占总数的36.36%和28.57%,大部分表现为Perfect形式; 核苷酸重复平均长度约为16.2 bp, 最长为30 bp。进一步进行同源性分析, 发现有26条序列可以在NCBI中检索到同源序列, 在这些序列中一共含有40个SSR, 其中14个(35.0%)位于5′-UTR, 11个(27.5%)位于3′-UTR, 15个(37.5%)位于CDS区。根据筛选到的微卫星序列设计11对引物, 其中8对引物有扩增产物, 且条带清晰; 应用引物ES1204对8个家蚕品种进行PCR扩增都呈现多态性。结果说明通过家蚕EST数据库发掘SSR标记是一条可行的途径。     

LINGO-1-Fc蛋白对低钾诱导小脑颗粒神经元凋亡的保护作用

髓鞘抑制因子Nogo-A、MAG和OMgp通过共同的受体信号复合物NgR/p75NTR(或者TROY)发挥对中枢神经纤维再生的抑制作用.新近克隆的跨膜蛋白LINGO-1是该信号途径的另一个重要组成成分和调节分子.LINGO-1特异表达于中枢神经系统,神经元上的LINGO-1被证明参与调节中枢神经再生的抑制信号,而少突胶质细胞表达的LINGO-1分子参与负调节少突胶质细胞的髓鞘化过程.为探讨LINGO-1分子在神经元凋亡过程中的作用,利用包含LINGO-1分子胞外段LRR和IgC2结构域的Fc融合蛋白作为功能性拮抗剂,研究LINGO-1对低钾诱导的小脑颗粒神经元凋亡的保护作用.利用成熟的Hoechst标记凋亡细胞的方法,观察到经LINGO-1-Fc蛋白预处理2h能够显著阻止小脑颗粒神经元的凋亡.仅包括LRR结构域的GST-LINGO-1与LINGO-1-Fc蛋白,虽同样具有与颗粒神经元的结合活性,但是GST-LINGO-1不能有效地阻止低钾诱导的细胞凋亡.这些结果提示,LINGO-1-Fc蛋白能够阻止低钾诱导的小脑颗粒神经元凋亡,并且这种作用可能是IgC2结构域依赖的.     

厌氧发酵产氢细菌的筛选及其产氢优化

本研究以河底泥为来源, 使用产氢培养基进行初筛, 再利用小管产氢试验进行复筛, 得到5株产氢能力较好的菌株。对产氢量最高的菌株FML-C1进行16S rDNA序列分析, 鉴定为阴沟肠杆菌, 确定了其分类地位。培养基优化采用Plackett-Burman试验设计筛选出影响产氢的3个主要因素: 葡萄糖、缓冲液和还原剂。利用最陡爬坡路径逼近最大响应区, 采用中心复合试验设计(CCD)及响应面分析法(RSM)进行回归分析, 建立产氢培养基优化的二次模型。模型求解产氢最佳培养基为葡萄糖21.5 g/L、缓冲液 13.6 mL/L 和还原剂10.0 mL/L, 最大理论产氢量2367.83 mL/L。5批验证试验结果平均值与预测值接近, 表明该模型与实际情况拟合良好, 实际最大产氢量2347.40 mL/L, 较优化前产氢量提高127.42%。     

Polypharmacy in the management of patients with schizophrenia on risperidone in a tertiary-care hospital in Malaysia

The present study was conducted primarily to determine the occurrence of polypharmacy in patients with schizophrenia on risperidone. The secondary aim was to ascertain the incidence of inappropriate prescribing with anticholinergics. A retrospective review of the medical records of all patients who were being followed up at the out-patient clinic of a tertiary-care hospital in Malaysia was conducted. Only patients who were being prescribed risperidone between 1 June 2008 and 31 December 2008 were included in the study. Demographic data such as patient’s age, gender and race were obtained from the patient’s medical records. In total, 113 patients met the selection criteria. Polypharmacy was found to occur in 34 patients (30.09%), with the majority (76.47%) being on two antipsychotics. In total, 27 patients (34.18%) on monotherapy with risperidone were prescribed an anticholinergic on scheduled dosing, while 19 patients (24.05%) were prescribed it on an as-needed basis. Of the patients on polypharmacy, 26 (76.47%) were on scheduled dosing of anticholinergics, while three (8.82%) were taking the medication on an as-needed basis. Polypharmacy should be avoided, and the use of anticholinergics should be closely reviewed. By adopting more efficient prescribing practices, costs can be reduced and financial resources can instead be channelled towards more beneficial areas for the patients.     

The development of plant-parasitic nematode infestations on micro-propagated banana plants following field control measures in Côte d'Ivoire

Of the weeds that were found in banana production areas, only Asystasia gangetica was parasitised by Radopholus similis; Helicotylenchus multicinctus and Hoplolaimus pararobustus were able to parasitise all weed species. Field trials were carried out in Cote d'Ivoire to assess the potential for using nematode-free micro-propagated banana plants following cultural and chemical methods for nematode control. Banana (Musa acuminata) cv. Poyo was examined for nematodes after weed fallow, flooding and chemical treatment. Before replanting bananas, nematode assays showed that: i) all nematode species declined but were not eliminated after a 1,3-dichloropropene soil treatment; ii) H. multicinctus, H. pararobustus and Cephalenchus emarginatus were still present after either a 2-year weed fallow (dominated by Chromolaena odorata or Asystasia gangetica) or a 10-week flooding; iii) R. similis did not persist after fallowing or flooding. All nematode species were found in plots treated with 1,3-dichloropropene and that had been planted with bullheads, suckers or nematode-free micropropagated plants. After both fallow and flooding, R. similis was reintroduced on infested planting materials (bullheads and suckers) even when they were pre-treated with a nematicide. When fallow and flooded plots were planted with nematode-free materials (vitro-plants), R. similis did not appear in the roots for two vegetative cycles. The other species, still present in the soil, invaded the roots and increased slowly in numbers. These results were confirmed in commercial banana plantations.     

不同训练负荷太极拳运动对早中期帕金森病患者康复疗效

目的 通过对比对照组和太极拳运动组，评价太极拳运动在早中期帕金森病患者康复作用。方法 45例帕金森病患者随机分为：对照组（n=15），不接受干预；太极拳1组（n=15）采用24式简化太极拳练习，40 min/次，3次/周；太极拳2组（n=15）采用24式简化太极拳练习，60 min/次，3次/周。在基线、12周、24周运动后采用患者跌倒功效量表（FES）、起立-行走计时测试（TUGT）、Berg平衡量表评分（BBS）、统一帕金森病评定量表（UPDRS） Ⅲ评分、汉密尔顿焦虑抑郁量表评分（HAMD、HAMA）、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数评分（PSQI）进行评估。结果 太极拳1组，24周对比基线在TUGT、BBS评分的改善上有统计学意义（P<0.05）。太极拳2组，24周对比基线在TUGT、 BBS评分的改善上有统计学意义（P<0.05）,24周对比12周在TUGT的改善上有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 太极拳运动可以改善早中期帕金森病患者的平衡障碍，可降低跌倒风险。