快速从医院废水中大规模分离铜绿假单胞杆菌噬菌体

目的:从医院废水中快速分离多株不同的铜绿假单胞杆菌噬菌体,研究其生物学特性,为建立铜绿假单胞杆菌噬菌体库做准备。方法:利用噬菌斑法从未经处理的医院污水中分离和鉴定铜绿假单胞杆菌噬菌体,根据感染谱的不同确定它们为不同的铜绿假单胞杆菌噬菌体;重点研究其中一株宿主谱较广的噬菌体的生物学特性,采用负染法电镜观察噬菌体的形态和大小,提取该噬菌体的基因组并进行酶切电泳分析,测定噬菌体感染复数并观察其一步生长曲线。结果:通过噬菌斑法分离出90株铜绿假单胞杆菌噬菌体。电镜观察显示,噬菌体Pa27P1头部呈立体对称,有一长尾;酶切结果显示,噬菌体Pa27P1的基因组为双链DNA;生长曲线表明噬菌体Pa27P1感染宿主菌的潜伏期为25 min,爆发时间为25 min,裂解量为514。结论:90株铜绿假单胞杆菌噬菌体中有5株具有较广的噬菌谱,其组合能裂解所有18株铜绿假单胞杆菌,为深入研究铜绿假单胞杆菌噬菌体的生物学特性及其功能提供了依据。     

Contrasting levels of genetic diversity between the historically rare orchid Cypripedium japonicum and the historically common orchid Cypripedium macranthos in South Korea

Many terrestrial orchids are historically rare and occur in small, spatially isolated populations. Theory predicts that such species will harbour low levels of genetic variation within populations and will exhibit a high degree of population genetic divergence, primarily as a result of genetic drift. If the origin of the present‐day populations is relatively recent from the same genetically depauperate source population, a complete lack of genetic differentiation between conspecific populations is expected. If a terrestrial orchid was historically common with moderate or high levels of genetic diversity, but has experienced more recent anthropogenic disturbance as a result of over‐collection, it would still exhibit initial levels of genetic variation within populations and a low degree of genetic divergence between populations. To test these predictions, we examined the genetic diversity in six populations (N = 131) of the historically and currently rare Cypripedium japonicum and in four populations (N = 94) of the historically common but now rare C. macranthos from South Korea. Fourteen putative allozyme loci resolved from eight enzyme systems revealed no variation either within or among populations of C. japonicum, which supports the first prediction. In contrast, populations of C. macranthos harboured high levels of genetic variation (mean percentage of polymorphic loci %P = 46.7; mean expected heterozygosity H_e = 0.185) and exhibited a low degree of population genetic divergence (G_ST = 0.059), supporting the second prediction. The lack of genetic variation both within and among conspecific populations of C. japonicum may suggest that populations originated from the same genetically depauperate ancestral population. The high levels of genetic diversity maintained in populations of C. macranthos suggest that the collection‐mediated decrease in the number of individuals is still too recent for long‐term effects on genetic variation. Based on current demographic and genetic data, in situ and ex situ conservation strategies should be provided to preserve genetic variation and to ensure the long‐term survival of the two species in the Korean Peninsula. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 160 , 119–129.     

增殖细胞核抗原基因表达量与中肋骨条藻生长的关系

对中国近海常见的赤潮藻-中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum）生长相关的分子标记进行了研究,通过RT-PCR和RACE技术获得了其PCNA基因的部分序列,首次克隆测序得到了714bp的中肋骨条藻细胞色素b（Cytochrome b,Cyt b）基因序列。根据得到的PCNA与Cyt b基因序列,分别建立了检测中肋骨条藻PCNA与Cyt b基因的实时荧光定量PCR的标准曲线,并通过对已知浓度样品的检测证明了所建立标准曲线的准确性。以上述建立的方法为基础,研究了中肋骨条藻生长率与增殖细胞核抗原基因表达量之间的关系。结果发现,平均单细胞中PCNA表达量在培养的不同阶段变化很大,且变化趋势与生长率表现出良好的一致性,说明PCNA表达量与细胞分裂密切相关,体现了其作为细胞增殖指标的潜能;而Cyt b基因表达稳定,表达量变化很小,说明Cyt b基因是一个潜在的良好的内参基因。基于此,提出以PCNA为目的基因、Cyt b为内参基因,将PCNA基因的相对表达量（REQ）作为中肋骨条藻生长率的一个指标,并建立了实验室条件下PCNA相对表达量与中肋骨条藻生长率之间的关系式。     

rhSCF在大肠埃希菌中的高效表达及纯化

干细胞因子（SCF）是一种重要的造血生长因子,它在自体造血干细胞动员、肿瘤放疗化疗的辅助治疗以及其它血液病的治疗上具有良好的应用前景。为了制备高纯度、活性的重组人SCF,将人工合成的SCF的cDNA序列,克隆入原核表达载体pET43．1a中,转化大肠埃希菌BL21（DE3）,获得了高效表达菌株。SCF通过诱导表达形成包涵体,包涵体经洗涤、变性和初步纯化后,进行直接稀释复性,复性液经离子交换层析、分子筛层析等分离除去共价二聚体和异构体,获得纯度大于95％的重组人SCF样品,生物学比活性在7．0×10^5U／mg以上。结果表明：建立了有效的rhSCF制备工艺,且产物具有较高的纯度和生物学活性。     

挂榜山小鲵精子形态结构研究

应用扫描电镜和透射电镜对挂榜山小鲵(Hynobius guabangshanensis)精子的超微结构进行观察和研究.结果表明:1)挂榜山小鲵的精子形态具有小鲵科精子的共同特征:头部细直、有锥形顶体;颈部短而不明显,尾部细长、有波动膜;2)该种小鲵的精子超微结构具小鲵科物种精子的共同特征,即精子无顶体钩,顶体呈三叶草状,尾部无线粒体,轴纤维粗大呈圆柱状等;3)除精子全长(194.1±7.15μm)在小鲵科物种中属于中等外,挂榜山小鲵和本科其他物种的精子在形态量度学方面差异明显:其头部占全长的比例(22.98%)比其他已知小鲵科的物种都低,尾部占全长的比例(65.79%)比其他小鲵科物种都高.     

冠心病及糖尿病并发冠心病患者脂联素的变化

目的:探讨冠心病及Ⅱ型精尿病并发冠心病患者血清脂联素水平的变化及临床意义.方法:用酶联免疫法分别测定101例冠心病患者和33例非冠心病患者、86例冠脉造影阳性患者和15例冠脉造影阴性患者的血清脂联素水平,及糖尿病或糖耐量受损患者中,54例并发冠心病者和13例未并发冠心病者的血清脂联素水平.结果:冠心病和冠脉造影阳性患者的血清脂联素水平分别为3.9985±0.2147mg/L和3.9192±0.2182mg/L,糖尿病或糖耐量受损并发冠心病患者的血清脂联素水平为3.9582±0.1868mg/L,均较相应对照组下降(P<0.05).结论:血清脂联素水平下降可能作为冠心病辅助诊断和病变严重程度的新指标,同时,它也可能成为糖尿病是否并发冠心病的新预测指标,有潜在的临床应用价值.     

非洲新稻(NERICA)品种在武汉生态条件下的生育期、白叶枯病抗性和稻米品质的初步评价

从非洲水稻研究中心引进了78份非洲新稻品种资源,2009年在武汉大田条件下种植,对生育期、水稻白叶枯抗性和稻米品质进行了初步评价。观察表明,生育期可以分为4个类型:短生育期品种13份,中生育期品种37份,长生育期11份,生育期特长在武汉不能安全抽穗的品种17份。白叶枯抗性鉴定表明,57.7%的品种高抗或抗长江中下游籼稻区的优势白叶枯病菌株ZHE173,76.9%的品种高抗或抗来自云南稻区的菌株YN18,对中国新发现的强致病力菌株FuJ能达到抗级水平的仅有3个品种,而达到中抗水平的有5个品种,凡是对FuJ达到中抗以上的品种,均高抗或抗ZHE173和YN18。对50个品种的米质分析表明,非洲新稻品种的稻米加工品质和粒型品质特别优良。非洲新稻品种资源可以用于改良国内新品种的白叶枯病抗性和稻米加工品质。     

Two new species of caddisflies from East Asia （Trichoptera： Philopotamidae, Psychomyiidae）

A new species of Kisaura Ross （Philopotamidae） from Japan and a new species of Psychomyia Latreille （Psychomyiidae） from Russia are described. Kisaura imparis n. sp. is closest to Kisaura aurascens （Martynov, 1934）, but the lateral processes of tergum X are asymmetrical and the apex of tergum X is different. Psychomyia poltavkaensis n. sp. resembles Psychomyia n. sp., but the shape of tergum IX＋X is more rounded, the apex of the basoventral process of each preanal appendage is unforked, and the inferior appendages are branched.     

Statistical modeling of biomedical corpora: mining the Caenorhabditis Genetic Center Bibliography for genes related to life span

Background  

The statistical modeling of biomedical corpora could yield integrated, coarse-to-fine views of biological phenomena that complement discoveries made from analysis of molecular sequence and profiling data. Here, the potential of such modeling is demonstrated by examining the 5,225 free-text items in the Caenorhabditis Genetic Center (CGC) Bibliography using techniques from statistical information retrieval. Items in the CGC biomedical text corpus were modeled using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model. LDA is a hierarchical Bayesian model which represents a document as a random mixture over latent topics; each topic is characterized by a distribution over words.     

Acceptor specificity of the human leukocyte alpha3 fucosyltransferase: role of FucT-VII in the generation of selectin ligands

The alpha3 fucosyltransferase, FucT-VII, is one of the key glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of the sialyl Lewis X (sLex) antigen on human leukocytes. The sialyl Lewis X antigen (NeuAcalpha(2-3)Galbeta(1-4)[Fucalpha(1-3)]GlcNAc-R) is an essential component of the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of inflammation, mediating the primary interaction between circulating leukocytes and activated endothelium. In order to characterize the enzymatic properties of the leukocyte alpha3 fucosyltransferase FucT-VII, the enzyme has been expressed in Trichoplusia ni insect cells. The enzyme is capable of synthesizing both sLexand sialyl-dimeric-Lexstructures in vitro , from 3'-sialyl-lacNAc and VIM-2 structures, respectively, with only low levels of fucose transfer observed to neutral or 3'-sulfated acceptors. Studies using fucosylated NeuAcalpha(2-3)-(Galbeta(1- 4)GlcNAc)3-Me acceptors demonstrate that FucT-VII is able to synthesize both di-fucosylated and tri-fucosylated structures from mono- fucosylated precursors, but preferentially fucosylates the distal GlcNAc within a polylactosamine chain. Furthermore, the rate of fucosylation of the internal GlcNAc residues is reduced once fucose has been added to the distal GlcNAc. These results indicate that FucT-VII is capable of generating complex selectin ligands, in vitro , however the order of fucose addition to the lactosamine chain affects the rate of selectin ligand synthesis.