全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2099篇 |
免费 | 105篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 6篇 |
2022年 | 21篇 |
2021年 | 42篇 |
2020年 | 14篇 |
2019年 | 25篇 |
2018年 | 34篇 |
2017年 | 29篇 |
2016年 | 42篇 |
2015年 | 71篇 |
2014年 | 69篇 |
2013年 | 154篇 |
2012年 | 148篇 |
2011年 | 150篇 |
2010年 | 91篇 |
2009年 | 92篇 |
2008年 | 152篇 |
2007年 | 167篇 |
2006年 | 140篇 |
2005年 | 113篇 |
2004年 | 164篇 |
2003年 | 121篇 |
2002年 | 117篇 |
2001年 | 20篇 |
2000年 | 17篇 |
1999年 | 16篇 |
1998年 | 29篇 |
1997年 | 22篇 |
1996年 | 13篇 |
1995年 | 16篇 |
1994年 | 9篇 |
1993年 | 12篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 15篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 11篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有2204条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
971.
972.
Bristles along the wing margins (wm-bristles) of the silkworm moth, Bombyx mori, were studied morphologically and electrophysiologically. The male moth has ca. 50 wm-bristles on each forewing and hindwing. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that these wm-bristles are typical mechanosensilla. Leuco-methylene blue staining demonstrated that each wm-bristle has a single receptor neuron, which is also characteristic of the mechanosensillum. The receptor neuron responded to vibrating air currents but did not respond to a constant air current. The wm-bristles showed clear directional sensitivity to vibrating air currents. The wm-bristles were classified into two types, type I and type II, by their response patterns to sinusoidal movements of the bristle. The neuron in type I discharged bursting spikes immediately following stimulation onset and also discharged a single spike for each sinusoidal cycle for frequencies less than ca. 60 Hz. The neuron in type II only responded to vibrations over 40 Hz and, specifically at 75 Hz, discharged a single spike for each sinusoidal cycle throughout the stimulation period. These results suggest that the two types of wm-bristles are highly tuned in different ways to detect vibrations due to the wing beat. The roles of the wm-bristles in the wing beat are discussed. 相似文献
973.
Akitoshi Okada Kaori Sano Shigeki Yasumasu Akihiro Yamamura Ichiro Iuchi 《Journal of molecular biology》2010,402(5):865-878
Fish hatching enzymes are zinc metalloproteases that digest the egg envelope (chorion) at the time of hatching. The crystal structure of zebrafish hatching enzyme 1 (ZHE1) has been solved at 1.10 Å resolution. ZHE1 is monomeric, is mitten shaped, and has a cleft at the center of the molecule. ZHE1 consists of three 310-helices, three α-helices, and two β-sheets. The central cleft represents the active site of the enzyme that is crucial for substrate recognition and catalysis. Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the two substrate peptides has shown that AspP1′ contributes the most and that the residues at P4-P2′ also contribute to the recognition of the major substrate peptide by ZHE1, whereas GluP3′ and the hydrophobic residues at P4-P2, P2′, and P5′ contribute significantly to the recognition of the minor substrate peptide by ZHE1. Molecular models of these two substrate peptides bound to ZHE1 have been built based on the crystal structure of a transition-state analog inhibitor bound to astacin. In substrate-recognition models, the AspP1′ in the major substrate peptide forms a salt bridge with Arg182 of ZHE1, while the GluP3′ in the minor substrate peptide instead forms a salt bridge with Arg182. Thus, these two substrate peptides would be differently recognized by ZHE1. The shapes and electrostatic potentials of the substrate-binding clefts of ZHE1 and the structurally similar proteins astacin and bone morphogenetic protein 1 are significantly dissimilar due to different side chains, which would confer their distinctive substrate preferences. 相似文献
974.
975.
Rapid assessment of two major repair activities against DNA double-strand breaks in vertebrate cells
Sasaki S Sato M Katsura Y Kurimasa A Chen DJ Takeda S Kuwano H Yokota J Kohno T 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2006,339(2):583-590
A linearized plasmid DNA, in which tandem repeats of 400bp flank the breakpoints, was transfected into vertebrate cells, and breakpoint junctions of plasmid DNA circularized in the cells were analyzed to assess the repair activities against DNA double-strand break (DSB) by non-homologous end joining and homology-directed repair (i.e., homologous recombinational repair and single-strand annealing). The circularization by non-homologous end joining repair of the breakpoints depended on the expression of DNA-PKcs, while that by homology-directed repair through the repeats depended on the length of the repeats, indicating that these two DSB repair activities can be rapidly assessed by this assay. Predominance in circularization by either non-homologous end joining or homology-directed repair differed among cells examined, and circularization was exclusively undertaken by homology-directed repair in DT40 cells known to show a high homologous recombination rate against gene-targeting vectors. Thus, this assay will be helpful in studies on mechanisms and inter-cellular variations of DSB repair. 相似文献
976.
Melanosomes synthesized within melanocytes are transferred to keratinocytes through dendrites, resulting in a constant supply of melanin to the epidermis, and this process determines skin pigmentation. During screening for inhibitors of melanosome transfer, we found a novel reagent, centaureidin, that induces significant morphological changes in normal human epidermal melanocytes and inhibits melanocyte dendrite elongation, resulting in a reduction of melanosome transfer in an in vitro melanocyte-keratinocyte co-culture system. Since members of the Rho family of small GTP-binding proteins act as master regulators of dendrite formation, and activated Rho promotes dendrite retraction, we studied the effects of centaureidin on the small GTPases. In in vitro binding assay, centaureidin activated Rho and furthermore, a Rho inhibitor (C. botulinum C3 exoenzyme), a Rho kinase inhibitor (Y27632) and a small GTPase inhibitor (Toxin B) blocked dendrite retraction induced by centaureidin. These results suggest centaureidin could act via the Rho signaling pathway, and it may directly or indirectly activate Rho. Thus, centaureidin appears to inhibit dendrite outgrowth from melanocytes by activating Rho, resulting in the inhibition of melanosome transfer from melanocytes to keratinocytes. 相似文献
977.
Ward V Hennig BJ Hirai K Tahara H Tamori A Dawes R Saito M Bangham C Stephens H Goldfeld AE Kunachiwa W Leetrakool N Hopkin J Dunstan S Hill A Bodmer W Beverley PC Tchilian EZ 《Immunogenetics》2006,58(2-3):235-239
CD45 is crucial for normal lymphocyte signalling, and altered CD45 expression has major effects on immune function. Both mice and humans lacking CD45 expression are severely immunodeficient, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the CD45 gene that cause altered splicing have been associated with autoimmune and infectious diseases. Recently, we identified an exon 6 A138G polymorphism resulting in an increased proportion of activated CD45RO T cells and altered immune function. Here we report a significantly reduced frequency of the 138G allele in hepatitis C Japanese patients and a possibly reduced frequency in type I diabetes. The allele is widely distributed in the Far East and India, indicating that it may have a significant effect on disease burden in a large part of the human population. 相似文献
978.
Kodaira K Imada M Goto M Tomoyasu A Fukuda T Kamijo R Suda T Higashio K Katagiri T 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2006,345(3):1224-1231
Myogenic differentiation is suppressed in vitro by unknown factors present in fetal bovine serum (FBS). We found that specific inhibitors of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) stimulated myogenic differentiation even in the presence of 20% FBS, which in turn activated specific BMP signaling. Moreover, these specific BMP inhibitors blocked maturation of osteoblastic cells induced by FBS, indicating that BMP-like factor(s) in serum regulate both myogenic and osteoblastic differentiation. The factor identified had an apparent molecular weight (Mw) of over 100kDa on a Superdex 200 column for molecular sieving HPLC, but an apparent Mw of 33kDa on SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions. Analysis of a purified preparation from FBS (5L) by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry revealed the presence of an amino acid sequence conserved between mature human and murine BMP-4. This is the first study to show that BMP-4 is present in FBS as a large complex. 相似文献
979.
Hasan MM Todoriki S Miyanoshita A Imamura T Hayashi T 《Journal of economic entomology》2006,99(5):1912-1919
The soft-electron beam (low-energy electrons) and gamma-radiation sensitivities of phosphine-resistant (PHR) and -susceptible (PHS) strains of adults lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) were studied, with particular reference to DNA damage assessed using single-cell electrophoresis (comet assay). Results showed that mortality in adult R. dominica varied significantly between both PHR and PHS strains. Adults of the PHR strain were found to be more tolerant toward soft-electron and gamma radiation than adults of the PHS strain. Studies on the longevity of strains showed that mean survival time and dose rate were highly correlated with both strains and treatments. Results also showed that adults of the PHR strain lived longer than adults of PHS strain for both treatments. Radiation sensitivity indices, however, decreased as radiation dose increased in both strains. Analysis of DNA damage, after 40- and 160-Gy gamma radiation, was carried out using cells obtained from both strains. Gamma-irradiated adults of both strains showed typical DNA fragmentation, compared with cells from nonirradiated adults, which showed more intact DNA. Investigations using the comet assay showed that tail length, moment, olive-tail moment, percentage of tail DNA, and percentage of DNA damage were all greater in the PHS strain compared with the PHR strain and the control insects. Results also showed that DNA damage remained at a constant level for up to 24 h after irradiation. The results have been discussed in relation to the observed strain differences in radiation sensitivity and resistance to phosphine. 相似文献
980.