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991.
992.
Ionic interaction of positive amino acid residues of fungal hydrophobin RolA with acidic amino acid residues of cutinase CutL1
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Toru Takahashi Takumi Tanaka Yusei Tsushima Kimihide Muragaki Kenji Uehara Shunsuke Takeuchi Hiroshi Maeda Youhei Yamagata Mayumi Nakayama Akira Yoshimi Keietsu Abe 《Molecular microbiology》2015,96(1):14-27
Hydrophobins are amphipathic proteins secreted by filamentous fungi. When the industrial fungus Aspergillus oryzae is grown in a liquid medium containing the polyester polybutylene succinate co‐adipate (PBSA), it produces RolA, a hydrophobin, and CutL1, a PBSA‐degrading cutinase. Secreted RolA attaches to the surface of the PBSA particles and recruits CutL1, which then condenses on the particles and stimulates the hydrolysis of PBSA. Here, we identified amino acid residues that are required for the RolA–CutL1 interaction by using site‐directed mutagenesis. We quantitatively analyzed kinetic profiles of the interactions between RolA variants and CutL1 variants by using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The QCM analyses revealed that Asp142, Asp171 and Glu31, located on the hydrophilic molecular surface of CutL1, and His32 and Lys34, located in the N‐terminus of RolA, play crucial roles in the RolA–CutL1 interaction via ionic interactions. RolA immobilized on a QCM electrode strongly interacted with CutL1 (KD = 6.5 nM); however, RolA with CutL1 variants, or RolA variants with CutL1, showed markedly larger KD values, particularly in the interaction between the double variant RolA‐H32S/K34S and the triple variant CutL1‐E31S/D142S/D171S (KD = 78.0 nM). We discuss a molecular prototype model of hydrophobin‐based enzyme recruitment at the solid–water interface. 相似文献
993.
Differentiation of growth signal requirement of B lymphocyte precursor is directed by expression of immunoglobulin. 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7
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T Era M Ogawa S Nishikawa M Okamoto T Honjo K Akagi J Miyazaki K Yamamura 《The EMBO journal》1991,10(2):337-342
During B cell differentiation, at least three stages can be defined in terms of their growth signal requirement by using two different growth signals, which are recombinant interleukin 7 (IL-7) and a stromal cell clone PA6 which does not produce IL-7; first a PA6 dependent stage, second a PA6 + IL-7 dependent stage and third an IL-7 dependent stage. In order to test the possibility that this differentiation of growth signal requirement is controlled by the expression of functional immunoglobulin molecules, we have investigated the frequencies of PA6 + IL-7 dependent and IL-7 dependent cells which are present in the bone marrow of either mu-chain or kappa-chain gene transgenic mice. In a mu-chain gene transgenic mouse, the frequency of PA6 + IL-7 dependent cells is selectively reduced, while that of IL-7 dependent cells is selectively reduced in a kappa-chain gene transgenic mouse. This result suggests that expression of a functional mu-chain gene drives PA6 + IL-7 dependent cells to differentiate into the subsequent IL-7 dependent stage. Likewise, when mu-chain positive IL-7 dependent cells express a functional light-chain gene, their growth signal requirement changes into an IL-7 unreactive stage. 相似文献
994.
Higa A Kimura M Mimori K Ochiai-Fukuda T Tokai T Takahashi-Ando N Nishiuchi T Igawa T Fujimura M Hamamoto H Usami R Yamaguchi I 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2003,67(4):914-918
Trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase (encoded by Tri101) inactivates the virulence factor of the cereal pathogen Fusarium graminearum. Zearalenone hydrolase (encoded by zhd101) detoxifies the oestrogenic mycotoxin produced by the same pathogen. These genes were introduced into a model monocotyledon rice plant to evaluate their usefulness for decontamination of mycotoxins. The strong and constitutive rice Act1 promoter did not cause accumulation of TRI101 protein in transgenic rice plants. In contrast, the same promoter was suitable for transgenic production of ZHD101 protein; so far, five promising T0 plants have been generated. Low transgenic expression of Tri101 was suggested to be increased by addition of an omega enhancer sequence upstream of the start codon. 相似文献
995.
Targeting specific genes for RNA interference is crucial to the development of strong resistance to rice stripe virus 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Shimizu T Nakazono-Nagaoka E Uehara-Ichiki T Sasaya T Omura T 《Plant biotechnology journal》2011,9(4):503-512
Rice stripe virus (RSV) has a serious negative effect on rice production in temperate regions of East Asia. Focusing on the putative importance of the selection of target sequences for RNA interference (RNAi), we analysed the effects of potential target sequences in each of the coding genes in the RSV genome, using transgenic rice plants that expressed a set of inverted-repeat (IR) constructs. The reactions of inoculated transgenic T(1) plants to RSV were divided subjectively into three classes, namely highly resistant, moderately resistant and lacking enhanced resistance to RSV, even though plants that harboured any constructs accumulated transgene-specific siRNAs prior to inoculation with RSV. Transgenic plants that harboured IR constructs specific for the gene for pC3, which encodes nucleocapsid protein, and for pC4, which encodes a viral movement protein, were immune to infection by RSV and were more resistant to infection than the natural resistant cultivars that have been used to control the disease in the field. By contrast, the IR construct specific for the gene for pC2, which encodes a glycoprotein of unknown function, and for p4, which encodes a major non-structural protein of unknown function, did not result in resistance. Our results indicate that not all RNAi constructs against viral RNAs are equally effective in preventing RSV infection and that it is important to identify the viral 'Achilles heel' for RNAi attack in the engineering of plants. 相似文献
996.
The Rf-1 locus in rice is agriculturally important as it restores fertility in plants with BT-type cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). The Rf-1 locus contains several duplicated copies of the gene responsible for restoration of fertility. We analyzed the genomic structure of the Rf-1 locus in the genus Oryza to clarify the structural diversity and evolution of the locus. We identified six genes (Rf-1A to Rf-1F) with homology to Rf-1 at this locus in Oryza species with an AA genome. The Rf-1 locus structures in the rice accessions examined were very complex and fell into at least six classification types. The nucleotide sequences of the duplicated genes and their flanking regions were highly conserved suggesting that the complex Rf-1 locus structures were produced by homologous recombination between the duplicated genes. The fact that complex Rf-1 locus structures were common to Oryza species that have evolved independently indicates that a duplication of the ancestral Rf-1 gene occurred early in rice evolution and that homologous recombination resulted in the diversification of Rf-1 locus structures. Additionally, the amino acid sequences of each duplicated gene were conserved between species. This suggests that the duplicated genes in the Rf-1 locus may have divergent functions and may act by controlling mitochondrial gene expression in rice as occurs in the restoration of CMS. 相似文献
997.
998.
Kensuke Kurihara Muneyuki Matsuo Takumi Yamaguchi Sota Sato 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》2018,1862(2):358-364
Background
To imitate the essence of living systems via synthetic chemistry approaches has been attempted. With the progress in supramolecular chemistry, it has become possible to synthesize molecules of a size and complexity close to those of biomacromolecules. Recently, the combination of precisely designed supramolecules with biomolecules has generated structural platforms for designing and creating unique molecular systems. Bridging between synthetic chemistry and biomolecular science is also developing methodologies for the creation of artificial cellular systems.Scope of review
This paper provides an overview of the recently expanding interdisciplinary research to fuse artificial molecules with biomolecules, that can deepen our understanding of the dynamical ordering of biomolecules.Major conclusions and general significance
Using bottom-up approaches based on the precise chemical design, synthesis and hybridization of artificial molecules with biological materials have been realizing the construction of sophisticated platforms having the fundamental functions of living systems. The effective hybrid, molecular cyborg, approaches enable not only the establishment of dynamic systems mimicking nature and thus well-defined models for biophysical understanding, but also the creation of those with highly advanced, integrated functions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled “Biophysical Exploration of Dynamical Ordering of Biomolecular Systems” edited by Dr. Koichi Kato. 相似文献999.
Novel Plant Immune-Priming Compounds Identified via High-Throughput Chemical Screening Target Salicylic Acid Glucosyltransferases in Arabidopsis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yoshiteru Noutoshi Masateru Okazaki Tatsuya Kida Yuta Nishina Yoshihiko Morishita Takumi Ogawa Hideyuki Suzuki Daisuke Shibata Yusuke Jikumaru Atsushi Hanada Yuji Kamiya Ken Shirasu 《The Plant cell》2012,24(9):3795-3804
Plant activators are compounds, such as analogs of the defense hormone salicylic acid (SA), that protect plants from pathogens by activating the plant immune system. Although some plant activators have been widely used in agriculture, the molecular mechanisms of immune induction are largely unknown. Using a newly established high-throughput screening procedure that screens for compounds that specifically potentiate pathogen-activated cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana cultured suspension cells, we identified five compounds that prime the immune response. These compounds enhanced disease resistance against pathogenic Pseudomonas bacteria in Arabidopsis plants. Pretreatments increased the accumulation of endogenous SA, but reduced its metabolite, SA-O-β-d-glucoside. Inducing compounds inhibited two SA glucosyltransferases (SAGTs) in vitro. Double knockout plants that lack both SAGTs consistently exhibited enhanced disease resistance. Our results demonstrate that manipulation of the active free SA pool via SA-inactivating enzymes can be a useful strategy for fortifying plant disease resistance and may identify useful crop protectants. 相似文献
1000.
Association of protein intakes and variation of diet‐scalp hair nitrogen isotopic discrimination factor in Papua New Guinea highlanders
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Yuichi I. Naito Ayako Morita Kazumi Natsuhara Kiyoshi Tadokoro Jun Baba Shingo Odani Eriko Tomitsuka Katsura Igai Takumi Tsutaya Minoru Yoneda Andrew R. Greenhill Paul F. Horwood Kevin W. Soli Suparat Phuanukoonnon Peter M. Siba Masahiro Umezaki 《American journal of physical anthropology》2015,158(3):359-370