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21.
A. Mello L. Miozzi A. Vizzini C. Napoli G. Kowalchuk P. Bonfante 《Plant biosystems》2013,147(2):323-332
Abstract Truffles are hypogeous ectomycorrhizal fungi of ecological interest for forestry in soils of the northern hemisphere, and of economical relevance for food markets worldwide. The molecular mechanisms that control truffle body formation are largely unknown, as well as the environmental factors that are likely involved. Among the latter, it has been hypothesized that soil‐borne communities may have an impact on truffle production. To address this question, we investigated bacterial and fungal communities resident in productive versus adjacent non‐productive grounds of the white truffle Tuber magnatum by using PCR‐DGGE. Although bacterial communities were generally highly similar across all samples within the grounds, profiles did cluster according to the productivity of circumscribed niches, and a Moraxella osloensis population appeared to be associated with productive sites. Fungal communities revealed several populations, yet showed no obvious patterns in relation to productivity, although Mortierella and Fusarium oxysporum appeared to be more abundant in the productive area. Our results offer a first glimpse into microbial communities thriving in truffle productive niches, and open the question as to whether microbe‐mediated mechanisms may facilitate/inhibit truffle fruiting‐body production or, vice versa, i.e. whether truffle sporocarps have an impact on the microbes living in the rhizosphere. 相似文献
22.
Isolation of a trans-acting factor involved in localization of Paracentrotus lividus maternal mRNAs 下载免费PDF全文
Localization of Paracentrotus lividus bep maternal mRNAs at the animal pole occurs by association with the cytoskeleton and involves a 54-kDa protein, called LP54, that is able to bind to the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of bep mRNAs. We describe here the isolation and purification of this protein. Antibodies raised against purified LP54 allowed us to establish its localization in P. lividus eggs and embryos. This localization coincides with the mRNAs with which it is associated, that is, the animal pole in the egg, and, after fertilization, the regions derived from this part of the egg, and finally the oral ectoderm of the pluteus. Association with the cytoskeleton was shown by the copurification of LP54 in a microtubule preparation. Involvement in bep mRNA localization was demonstrated by microinjection of anti-LP54 antibodies in P. lividus eggs, which caused alteration of spatial distribution of bep3 mRNA. 相似文献
23.
Inflamed adult pharynx tissues and swimming larva of Ciona intestinalis share CiTNFα-producing cells
Nicolò Parrinello Aiti Vizzini Giuseppina Salerno Maria Antonietta Sanfratello Matteo Cammarata Vincenzo Arizza Mirella Vazzana Daniela Parrinello 《Cell and tissue research》2010,341(2):299-311
In situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry analyses have shown that the Ciona intestinalis tumour necrosis factor alpha gene (CiTNFα), which has been previously cloned and sequenced, is expressed either during the inflammatory pharynx response to lipopolysaccharide
(LPS) or during the swimming larval phase of development. Granulocytes with large granules and compartment/morula cells are
CiTNFα-producing cells in both inflamed pharynx and larvae. Pharynx vessel endothelium also takes part in the inflammatory response.
Haemocyte nodules in the vessel lumen or associated with the endothelium suggest the involvement of CiTNFα in recruiting lymphocyte-like cells and promoting the differentiation of inflammatory haemocytes. Specific antibodies
against a CiTNFα peptide have identified a 43-kDa cell-bound form of the protein. Observations of pharynx histological sections (at 4
and 8 h post-LPS inoculation) from naive and medium-inoculated ascidians have confirmed the CiTNFα-positive tissue response. Larval histological sections and whole-mount preparations have revealed that CiTNFα is expressed by trunk mesenchyme, preoral lobe and tunic cells, indicating CiTNFα-expressing cell immigration events and an ontogenetic role. 相似文献
24.
Alfredo Vizzini Matteo Carbone Fabrizio Boccardo Enrico Ercole 《Mycological Progress》2013,12(3):465-474
Morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that Italian and Mexican collections of an unknown Sarcodon species of the S. imbricatus complex associated with Fagaceae (Castanea and Quercus), were assignable to Sarcodon quercinofibulatus, a species recently described from Spain. The species, characterized by a light brown-hazelnut coloured pileus surface eventually breaking into large and coarse scales, was recognized as independent from Sarcodon imbricatus and S. squamosus. S. aspratus, usually synonymized with S. imbricatus, is a different species. S. squamosus collections from montane and Mediterranean pine woodlands were shown to be conspecific. Four sections of Sarcodon (Sarcodon, Violacei, Squamiceps and Scabrosi) established by Maas Geesteranus (Verh K ned Akad Wet III, 65: 1–127, 1975) only on morphological basis, are here confirmed as monophyletic. 相似文献
25.
A new taxon in the Infundibulicybe gibba complex (Basidiomycota, Agaricales, Tricholomataceae) from Sardinia (Italy) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A new species of Infundibulicybe (viz. I. mediterranea sp. nov.) is described from Sardinia based both on morphological and molecular ITS data. The species, a close ally of I. gibba, differs from the latter in the darker tinges of the basidiomata, the stipe, which is nearly concolorous with the pileus, and smaller basidiospores. Drawings of the main micro-morphological features as well as a color photograph of fresh basidiomata in situ are provided. 相似文献
26.
Matteo Gelardi Alfredo Vizzini Egon Horak Enrico Ercole Samuele Voyron Gang Wu 《Mycological Progress》2014,13(2):333-342
The new species Paxillus orientalis is reported from Yunnan Province (south-western China). Based on morphological and molecular characters the novel taxon belongs to the sibling, holarctic alder-associated P. rubicundulus complex. Colour pictures of fresh basidiomes and line drawings are provided, accompanied by notes concerning its taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships within the genus. The new subgenus Alnopaxillus is established to accommodate P. rubicundulus and allied undescribed taxa characterized by basidiomes usually associated with Alnus and with a distinctly areolate–squamulose pileal surface. 相似文献
27.
28.
Invasive organisms (especially plants and animal species) are considered to be one of the main causes of global biodiversity
loss. Up to now, few papers have dealt with the spreading of fungi. The establishment of the geographic origin of alien organisms
could be useful to assess their impact on the environment. Favolaschia calocera is a basidiomycete species which was first described from Madagascar, and successively observed in New Zealand in 1969, where
it has currently been recorded in more than 200 stands. It has recently also been reported in Australia, Thailand, China,
Kenya, and Reunion Island. F. calocera was found in Genoa, Italy, in 1999: this recording represented the first in Europe. Till now, Favolaschia specimens have been collected in six areas around Genoa. F. calocera was observed growing on debris of various vascular plant species (Pteridophytes, Conifers, Mono- and Dicotyledons), thus
showing to be a polyphagous species. Because it is spreading, it needs to be monitored. The main goal of our research is to
investigate, through molecular phylogeographic analysis, the origin of the Italian strains. The sequencing of the ribosomal
DNA ITS region of the Italian specimens followed by Neighbour-joining analysis showed that they cluster with the specimens
from New Zealand, Kenya, Norfolk Island and Réunion Island. Hypotheses on the origin and introduction way as well as on its
mechanisms of spreading are provided. 相似文献
29.
Parrinello N Vizzini A Arizza V Salerno G Parrinello D Cammarata M Giaramita FT Vazzana M 《Cell and tissue research》2008,334(2):305-317
A tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα)-like gene from Ciona intestinalis (CiTNFα-like) body wall challenged with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was cloned and sequenced 4 h after LPS inoculation.
An open reading frame of 936 bp encoding a propeptide of 312 amino acids (35.4 kDa) displaying a transmembrane domain from
positions 7 to 29, a TACE cleavage site, and a mature peptide domain of 185 amino acids (20.9 kDa), was determined with a
predicted isoelectric point of 9.4. The phylogenetic tree based on deduced amino acid sequences of invertebrate TNF-like protein
and vertebrate TNFs supported the divergence between the ascidian and vertebrate TNF families, whereas D. melanogaster Eiger A and B TNF-like sequences were distinctly separated from the chordate TNFs. Thus, the ascidian TNFα-like cytokine
was upregulated by in vivo LPS challenge supporting its pro-inflammatory role. In the pharynx, increased expression levels
were found following analysis by real-time polymerase chain reaction, whereas in situ hybridization assay showed positive
hemocytes both in the tissue and in circulating hemocytes. Finally, Western blot with monoclonal antibodies disclosed human
TNFα epitopes in a 15-kDa protein component of the hemolymph serum and in a 43-kDa protein contained in the hemocyte lysate
supernatant prepared in the presence of detergents. Both soluble and hemocyte-bound CiTNFα-like protein therefore appeared
to be modulated by the LPS challenge.
This work was supported by a research grant from the Italian Ministry of University and Scientific Research (PRIN 2006 to
N. Parrinello), co-funded by the University of Palermo. 相似文献
30.
Crinipellis pedemontana, a new agaric growing on stems of dead grasses in an Italian urban park, is described and illustrated. It fits in sect. Grisentinae on account of the green reaction with KOH and ammonia and its bright colored pileus. The unique combination of purple-violaceous tinges in the pileus and the presence of chlamydospores in the pileipellis characterize this species as new. Its taxonomic position within Crinipellis and the related genus Moniliophthora is discussed. 相似文献