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Aila Riany de Brito Nadabe dos Santos Reis Tatielle Pereira Silva Renata Cristina Ferreira Bonomo Ana Paula Trovatti Uetanabaro Sandra Aparecida de Assis 《Preparative biochemistry & biotechnology》2017,47(10):977-985
Endoglucanase production by Aspergillus oryzae ATCC 10124 cultivated in rice husks or peanut shells was optimized by experimental design as a function of humidity, time, and temperature. The optimum temperature for the endoglucanase activity was estimated by a univariate analysis (one factor at the time) as 50°C (rice husks) and 60°C (peanut shells), however, by a multivariate analysis (synergism of factors), it was determined a different temperature (56°C) for endoglucanase from peanut shells. For the optimum pH, values determined by univariate and multivariate analysis were 5 and 5.2 (rice husk) and 5 and 7.6 (peanut shells). In addition, the best half-lives were observed at 50°C as 22.8?hr (rice husks) and 7.3?hr (peanut shells), also, 80% of residual activities was obtained between 30 and 50°C for both substrates, and the pH stability was improved at 5–7 (rice hulls) and 6–9 (peanut shells). Both endoglucanases obtained presented different characteristics as a result of the versatility of fungi in different substrates. 相似文献
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Erondu N Addy C Lu K Mallick M Musser B Gantz I Proietto J Astrup A Toubro S Rissannen AM Tonstad S Haynes WG Gottesdiener KM Kaufman KD Amatruda JM Heymsfield SB 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2007,15(8):2027-2042
Objective: Central counter‐regulatory mechanisms, including those related to the orexigenic hormone neuropeptide Y (NPY), may limit the weight loss observed with conventional pharmacological monotherapy. This study evaluated whether blockade of the NPY Y5 receptor (NPY5R) with the selective antagonist MK‐0557 potentiates sibutramine and orlistat weight loss effects. Research Methods and Procedures: Obese patients (497, BMI 30 to 43 kg/m2) were randomized to 1 of 5 treatment arms [placebo, n = 101; sibutramine 10 mg/d, n = 100; MK‐0557 1 mg/d plus sibutramine 10 mg/d, n = 98; orlistat 120 mg TID, n = 99; MK‐0557 1 mg/d plus orlistat 120 mg TID, n = 99] in conjunction with a hypocaloric diet for 24 weeks. The all‐patients‐treated population, imputing missing data using last observation carried forward, was used to assess weight loss from baseline. Results: The study was completed by 71% of patients in placebo, 76% in sibutramine alone, 79% in MK‐0557 + sibutramine, 69% in orlistat alone, and 76% in MK‐0557 + orlistat groups. Least squares (LS) mean difference [95% confidence interval (CI)] in weight change from baseline between MK‐0557 + sibutramine and sibutramine alone was ?0.1 (?1.6, 1.4) kg (p = 0.892) and between MK‐0557 + orlistat and orlistat alone was ?0.9 (?2.4, 0.6) kg (p = 0.250). Sibutramine alone induced a LS mean weight loss of ?5.9 (?6.9, ?4.9) kg vs. ?4.6 (?5.7, ?3.6) kg for orlistat (p = 0.097). There were no serious drug‐related adverse events and MK‐0557 was well tolerated. Discussion: Blockade of the NPY5R with the potent antagonist MK‐0557 did not significantly increase the weight loss efficacy of either orlistat or sibutramine monotherapy. 相似文献
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Pietiläinen KH Bergholm R Rissanen A Kaprio J Häkkinen AM Sattar N Yki-Järvinen H 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2006,14(5):826-837
Objective: To determine whether acquired obesity or accompanying metabolic changes such as adiponectin deficiency, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, or visceral fat are associated, independent of genetic influences, with endothelial dysfunction by studying young adult monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs discordant for obesity. Research Methods and Procedures: Nine obesity‐discordant (intra‐pair difference in BMI, 3.8 to 10.1 kg/m2) and nine concordant (0 to 2.3 kg/m2) 24‐ to 27‐year‐old MZ twin pairs were identified from a population‐based FinnTwin16‐sample. Endothelial function was measured by blood flow responses to intrabrachial infusions of an endothelium‐dependent (acetylcholine) and an endothelium‐independent (sodium nitroprusside) vasodilator. Whole body insulin sensitivity was measured using the euglycemic insulin clamp technique, and forearm and body composition were measured with magnetic resonance imaging and DXA. In addition, serum levels of adiponectin, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, and lipids were determined. Results: The heavier co‐twins of the discordant pairs had significantly lower whole body insulin sensitivity than the leaner co‐twins. Blood flows/muscle volume during infusions of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were not altered by obesity. However, intra‐pair differences in serum adiponectin, intra‐abdominal fat, and C‐reactive protein were significantly correlated with those in endothelial function. Only the relationship between intra‐pair differences in adiponectin and endothelial function persisted in multiple linear regression analysis. Obesity‐concordant co‐twins had comparable insulin sensitivity and endothelial function. Discussion: In young adult MZ twins discordant for obesity, acquired adiponectin deficiency rather than obesity per se is an independent correlate of endothelial dysfunction. 相似文献
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Glycomics of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells can be used to evaluate their cellular differentiation stage 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Annamari Heiskanen Tia Hirvonen Hanna Salo Ulla Impola Anne Olonen Anita Laitinen Sari Tiitinen Suvi Natunen Olli Aitio Halina Miller-Podraza Manfred Wuhrer André M. Deelder Jari Natunen Jarmo Laine Petri Lehenkari Juhani Saarinen Tero Satomaa Leena Valmu 《Glycoconjugate journal》2009,26(3):367-384
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult multipotent progenitor cells. They hold an enormous therapeutic potential, but
at the moment there is little information on the properties of MSCs, including their surface structures. In the present study,
we analyzed the mesenchymal stem cell glycome by using mass spectrometric profiling as well as a panel of glycan binding proteins.
Structural verifications were obtained by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometric fragmentation, and glycosidase
digestions. The MSC glycome was compared to the glycome of corresponding osteogenically differentiated cells. More than one
hundred glycan signals were detected in mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts differentiated from them. The glycan profiles
of MSCs and osteoblasts were consistently different in biological replicates, indicating that stem cells and osteoblasts have
characteristic glycosylation features. Glycosylation features associated with MSCs rather than differentiated cells included
high-mannose type N-glycans, linear poly-N-acetyllactosamine chains and α2-3-sialylation. Mesenchymal stem cells expressed SSEA-4 and sialyl Lewis x epitopes. Characteristic
glycosylation features that appeared in differentiated osteoblasts included abundant sulfate ester modifications. The results
show that glycosylation analysis can be used to evaluate MSC differentiation state. 相似文献
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Kjersti Westvik-Johari Liv Bente Romundstad Deborah A. Lawlor Christina Bergh Mika Gissler Anna-Karina A. Henningsen Siri E. Hberg Ulla-Britt Wennerholm Aila Tiitinen Anja Pinborg Signe Opdahl 《PLoS medicine》2021,18(6)
BackgroundCompared to naturally conceived children, adverse perinatal outcomes are more common among children born after assisted reproductive technology with fresh embryo transfer (fresh-ET) or frozen embryo transfer (frozen-ET). However, most previous studies could not adequately control for family confounding factors such as subfertility. We compared birth size and duration of pregnancy among infants born after fresh-ET or frozen-ET versus natural conception, using a within-sibship design to account for confounding by maternal factors.Methods and findingsThis registry-based cohort study with nationwide data from Denmark (1994–2014), Norway (1988–2015), and Sweden (1988–2015) consisted of 4,510,790 live-born singletons, 4,414,703 from natural conception, 78,095 from fresh-ET, and 17,990 from frozen-ET. We identified 33,056 offspring sibling groups with the same mother, conceived by at least 2 different conception methods. Outcomes were mean birthweight, small and large for gestational age, mean gestational age, preterm (<37 weeks, versus ≥37), and very preterm birth (<32 weeks, versus ≥32). Singletons born after fresh-ET had lower mean birthweight (−51 g, 95% CI −58 to −45, p < 0.001) and increased odds of small for gestational age (odds ratio [OR] 1.20, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.34, p < 0.001), while those born after frozen-ET had higher mean birthweight (82 g, 95% CI 70 to 94, p < 0.001) and increased odds of large for gestational age (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.56 to 2.17, p < 0.001), compared to naturally conceived siblings. Conventional population analyses gave similar results. Compared to naturally conceived siblings, mean gestational age was lower after fresh-ET (−1.0 days, 95% CI −1.2 to −0.8, p < 0.001), but not after frozen-ET (0.3 days, 95% CI 0.0 to 0.6, p = 0.028). There were increased odds of preterm birth after fresh-ET (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.37, p < 0.001), and in most models after frozen-ET, versus naturally conceived siblings, with somewhat stronger associations in population analyses. For very preterm birth, population analyses showed increased odds for both fresh-ET (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.90 to 2.12, p < 0.001) and frozen-ET (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.42 to 1.94, p < 0.001) compared with natural conception, but results were notably attenuated within siblings (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.41, p = 0.059, and OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.27, p = 0.6, for fresh-ET and frozen-ET, respectively). Sensitivity analyses in full siblings, in siblings born within 3-year interval, by birth order, and restricting to single embryo transfers and blastocyst transfers were consistent with the main analyses. Main limitations were high proportions of missing data on maternal body mass index and smoking.ConclusionsWe found that infants conceived by fresh-ET had lower birthweight and increased odds of small for gestational age, and those conceived by frozen-ET had higher birthweight and increased odds of large for gestational age. Conception by either fresh-ET or frozen-ET was associated with increased odds of preterm birth. That these findings were observed within siblings, as well as in conventional multivariable population analyses, reduces the likelihood that they are explained by confounding or selection bias.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov ISRCTN11780826.Kjersti Westvik-Johari and co-workers report on perinatal outcomes following fresh and frozen embryo transfer. 相似文献
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Anu Koskela Tomi Kauppinen Anna Keski‐Rahkonen Elina Sihvola Jaakko Kaprio Aila Rissanen 《Chronobiology international》2013,30(5):657-665
The neurotransmitter serotonin (5‐HT) controls several physiological functions, and a disturbance of the 5‐HT system is implicated in many psychiatric conditions. Seasonal variation has been suggested in the 5‐HT system. We investigated within‐subject seasonal variation in brain serotonin transporter (SERT) binding with the SERT‐ligand [123I]ADAM and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in 12 healthy individuals. No systematic variation was found in the midbrain or thalamus areas between scans done in summer and winter. Our results suggest that factors other than season are more important in causing within‐subject variation of brain SERT binding between summer and winter. (Author correspondence: anu.koskela@helsinki.fi) 相似文献
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Raija Uusitalo-Sepp?l? Reetta Huttunen Janne Aittoniemi Pertti Koskinen Aila Leino Tero Vahlberg Esa M. Rintala 《PloS one》2013,8(1)