Kinetics of the action of papain on fluorescent peptide substrates.

Kinetic measurements have been performed on the action of papain on mansyl-Gly-Val-Glu-Leu-Gly and on mansyl-Gly-Gly-Val-Glu-Leu-Gly, both of which are cleaved solely at the Glu-Leu bond under the conditions of our experiments. Stopped-flow experiments have shown that, under conditions of enzyme excess, the enhancement of the fluorescence of the mansyl group upon association of each of the oligopeptide substrates with papain is a biphasic process. A very rapid initial increase in fluorescence is followed by a slower first-order fluorescence enhancement. The observed rate constant for the latter process is greater with the mansyl pentapeptide than with the mansyl hexapeptide. A similar biphasic fluorescence change is seen upon the interaction of the mansyl peptides with mercuripapain, but the second step is much slower than in the case of the active enzyme. The rate of the second step in the association of active papain with the mansyl paptides shows saturation with increasing enzyme concentration, supporting the view that an initial enzyme-substrate complex (ES) is converted in a first-order process to the complex (ES) that undergoes cleavage to form products. The hydrolysis of the Glu-Leu bond is associated with a first-order decrease in fluorescence, as a consequence of the formation of the mansyl peptide product, which is bound less strongly than the substrate. The rate constant for this process is about 140 times greater with the mansyl hexapeptide than with the mansyl pentapeptide, thus giving further indication of the importance of secondary enzyme-substrate interactions in the efficiency of papain catalysis. For each of the two mansyl peptides, the values of the rate constants and the apparent Michaelis constants associated with the cleavage of the Glu-Leu bond, as determined by stopped-flow measurements under conditions of enzyme excess, were the same, within the precision of the data, as those estimated from experiments under conditions of substrate excess, where the formation of Leu-Gly was determined by means of the fluorescamine reaction. This indicates that, with these substrates, the rate-limiting step in the overall catalytic process is associated with the breakdown of ES. Estimates are given of the dissociation constant of ES and of the rate constants in the interconversion of ES and ES.