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101.
102.
Fabianne?CarlesseEmail author Adriana?Maria?Paix?o?de?Sousa?da?Silva Maria?Elena?Santolaya 《Current fungal infection reports》2016,10(1):10-23
Invasive fungal disease (IFD) is an important infection with high rates of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Data on incidence, risk factors, and mortality of IFD in the pediatric population, mainly in South America, are scarce. The aim of this paper was to review the literature about the most important IFD in pediatrics in South America. We searched three electronic databases (Medline, Lilacs, and Cochrane databases) for studies published between 2012 and 2015; case reports and editorial were excluded. Twenty-two articles were found on Candida spp. infections; eight on Paracoccidiodes spp.; two on Cryptococcus spp.; and one on Aspergillus spp. Candida albicans was the main agent, followed by Candida parapsilosis in pediatric population. Paracoccidioides spp. had a prevalence ranging from 2.3 to 35.3 % with ages between 11 and 29 years, malnutrition, and hepatic involvement related to the worst prognosis. Cryptococcus spp. showed a prevalence of 2.6 % in under 16 years old, with cryptococcal meningitis most observed, mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans (94.1 %). Aspergillosis and other mold infections, as zygomycosis and fusariosis occurring mostly in immunocompromised children, related with relevant morbidity and mortality in this population. 相似文献
103.
Regina Maria Barbosa Cristiane da Silva Cabral Tania di Giacomo do Lago Adriana de Araujo Pinho 《PloS one》2016,11(11)
BackgroundIn many countries, young women of reproductive age have been especially affected by the HIV epidemic, which have fostered research to better understand how HIV infection influences and shapes women´s fertility and reproductive and sexual decisions. In Brazil, few studies have focused on the impact of the HIV epidemic on contraceptive choices among women living with HIV (WLHIV).ObjectiveThis study evaluates the impact HIV infection may have in the access to female sterilization in Brazil, using a time-to-event analysis.MethodsA cross-sectional quantitative study (GENIH study) was conducted between February 2013 and April 2014 in the city of São Paulo, comparing two probabilistic samples of 975 WLHIV and 1,003 women not living with HIV (WNLHIV) aged 18 to 49. Sexual and reproductive data was collected retrospectively in order to reconstruct women''s reproductive trajectories. Given the objectives of this study, the analysis was restricted to women with parity one or more and, in case of WLHIV, to those sterilized after HIV diagnosis and not infected through vertical transmission. The final sample analysis included 683 WNLHIV and 690 WLHIV. A series of multivariable-adjusted Cox models estimated the probability of being sterilized after HIV diagnosis, compared with WNLHIV. Models were adjusted for schooling, race/color, and stratified by parity at last delivery (1–2, 3+). Hazard ratios were calculated for female sterilization, and separately for interval and postpartum procedures (performed in conjunction with caesarean section or immediately after vaginal delivery). Additionally, information regarding unmet demand for female sterilization was also explored.FindingsNo statistical difference in the overall risk of sterilization between WLHIV and WNLHIV in the two parity-related groups is observed: HR = 0.88 (0.54–1.43) and 0.94 (0.69–1.29), respectively, among women with 1–2 children and those with three and more. However, significant differences regarding the impact of HIV infection at sterilization are observed depending on the timing and the type of sterilization procedure. The probability of obtaining an interval sterilization is significantly lower for WLHIV compared to those not living with HIV. The reverse occurs regarding postpartum sterilization. Although sterilization is mainly performed in conjunction with caesarean section in Brazil, it is evident that caesarean sections are not the sole factor increasing the risk of sterilization among WLHIV.ConclusionThe results indicate barriers in the access to services offering interval sterilization for WLHIV and certain facilitation in obtaining the procedure in conjunction with caesarean section. Health policy makers at local and national levels should promote institutional changes in order to facilitate access to interval sterilization and to confront the sensitive discussion of WLHIV’s eligibility for postpartum sterilization. It is also urgent to increase access to a wider range of contraceptive methods for WLHIV and promote dual method protection strategies. Moreover, since condom use may decrease in the future in the context of the preventive effect of antiretroviral therapy, promoting dual methods will expand the choices regarding the reproductive rights of women living with HIV. 相似文献
104.
Francesca Toia Simona Buccheri Ampelio Anfosso Francesco Moschella Francesco Dieli Serena Meraviglia Adriana Cordova 《PloS one》2016,11(2)
Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate over time circulating γδ T lymphocytes in melanoma patients in terms of frequency, effector functions, and relationship with clinical stage and evolution, by comparing preoperative values to those obtained at a mean follow-up of 36 months or in the event of recurrence or disease progression, and to those of healthy controls. Also, we correlated the presence of tumor-infiltrating γδ T lymphocytes with clinical evolution of melanoma.Results
Mean frequencies of circulating γδ T cells before and after melanoma removal were very similar and comparable to healthy subjects, but patients who progressed to stage III or IV showed a significantly decreased frequency of circulating Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. The distribution of Vγ9Vδ2 memory and effector subsets was similar in healthy subjects and melanoma patients at diagnosis, but circulating γδ T cells of patients after melanoma removal had a skewed terminally-differentiated effector memory phenotype. Highly suggestive of progressive differentiation toward a cytotoxic phenotype, Vγ9Vδ2T cells from patients at follow up had increased cytotoxic potential and limited cytokine production capability, while the opposite pattern was detected in Vγ9Vδ2T cells from patients before melanoma removal.Conclusions
Follow-up data also showed that tumor infiltrating γδ T cells were significantly associated with lower mortality and relapse rates, suggesting that they may serve as a prognostic biomarker, for human melanoma. 相似文献105.
ángela María Sánchez-López Abdellatif Bahaji Nuria De Diego Marouane Baslam Jun Li Francisco José Mu?oz Goizeder Almagro Pablo García-Gómez Kinia Ameztoy Adriana Ricarte-Bermejo Ond?ej Novák Jan F. Humplík Luká? Spíchal Karel Dole?al Sergio Ciordia María Carmen Mena Rosana Navajas Edurne Baroja-Fernández Javier Pozueta-Romero 《Plant physiology》2016,172(3):1989-2001
106.
da Silva Aline Cunha Grativol Clícia Thiebaut Flávia Hemerly Adriana Silva Ferreira Paulo Cavalcanti Gomes 《Planta》2016,243(5):1265-1277
Planta - In the present study, miRNA precursors in the genomes of three palm species were identified. Analyzes of sequence conservation and biological function of their putative targets contribute... 相似文献
107.
Danielly Beraldo dos Santos Silva Luana Mireli Carbonera Rodrigues Adriana Araújo de Almeida Kelly Mari Pires de Oliveira Alexéia Barufatti Grisolia/ 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2016,111(3):192-199
The azoles are the class of medications most commonly used to fight infections caused
by Candida sp. Typically, resistance can be attributed to mutations
in ERG11 gene (CYP51) which encodes the cytochrome P450
14α-demethylase, the primary target for the activity of azoles. The objective of this
study was to identify mutations in the coding region of theERG11
gene in clinical isolates of Candidaspecies known to be resistant to
azoles. We identified three new synonymous mutations in the ERG11
gene in the isolates of Candida glabrata (C108G, C423T and A1581G)
and two new nonsynonymous mutations in the isolates of Candida
krusei - A497C (Y166S) and G1570A (G524R). The functional consequence of
these nonsynonymous mutations was predicted using evolutionary conservation scores.
The G524R mutation did not have effect on 14α-demethylase functionality, while the
Y166S mutation was found to affect the enzyme. This observation suggests a possible
link between the mutation and dose-dependent sensitivity to voriconazole in the
clinical isolate of C. krusei. Although the presence of the Y166S in
phenotype of reduced azole sensitivity observed in isolate C.
kruseidemands investigation, it might contribute to the search of new
therapeutic agents against resistant Candida isolates. 相似文献
108.
Adriana Corrales Scott A. Mangan Benjamin L. Turner James W. Dalling 《Ecology letters》2016,19(4):383-392
Tropical forests are renowned for their high diversity, yet in many sites a single tree species accounts for the majority of the individuals in a stand. An explanation for these monodominant forests remains elusive, but may be linked to mycorrhizal symbioses. We tested three hypotheses by which ectomycorrhizas might facilitate the dominance of the tree, Oreomunnea mexicana, in montane tropical forest in Panama. We tested whether access to ectomycorrhizal networks improved growth and survival of seedlings, evaluated whether ectomycorrhizal fungi promote seedling growth via positive plant–soil feedback, and measured whether Oreomunnea reduced inorganic nitrogen availability. We found no evidence that Oreomunnea benefits from ectomycorrhizal networks or plant–soil feedback. However, we found three‐fold higher soil nitrate and ammonium concentrations outside than inside Oreomunnea‐dominated forest and a correlation between soil nitrate and Oreomunnea abundance in plots. Ectomycorrhizal effects on nitrogen cycling might therefore provide an explanation for the monodominance of ectomycorrhizal tree species worldwide. 相似文献
109.