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51.
Raphael M. Oguariri Lue Dai Joseph W. Adelsberger Adam Rupert Randy Stevens Jun Yang Dawei Huang Richard A. Lempicki Ming Zhou Michael W. Baseler H. Clifford Lane Tomozumi Imamichi 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2013,288(24):17812-17822
IL-2 has been used in culture of primary T cells to maintain cell proliferation. We have previously reported that IL-27 inhibits HIV-1 replication in primary T cells in the presence of IL-2. To gain a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in this inhibitory effect, we attempted to investigate in detail the effects of IL-27 and IL-2 using several cell lines. Unexpectedly, IL-27 did not inhibit HIV-1 in T cell lines, whereas IL-2 inhibited HIV-1 replication in the human T cell lymphotrophic virus (HTLV)-1-transformed T cell lines, MT-2, MT-4, SLB-1, and ATL-2. No effects were seen in HTLV-1-negative cell lines. Utilizing MT-2 cells, we demonstrated that IL-2 treatment inhibited HIV-1 syncytia-inducing ability and dose-dependently decreased supernatant p24 antigen levels by >90%. Using real time PCR and Western blot analysis, we observed that IL-2 treatment induced the host restriction factor, APOBEC3G with accumulation into the lower molecular mass active form as characterized by FPLC. Further analysis revealed that the virus recovered from IL-2-treated MT-2 cells had impaired replication competency. This was found to be due to incorporation of APOBEC3G into the virion despite the presence of Vif. These findings demonstrate a novel role for IL-2 in regulating production of infectious HIV-1 virions in HTLV-1-infected cells through the induction of APOBEC3G. 相似文献
52.
H. Adelsberger J. Dudel 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1996,180(1):53-61
Whereas the inhibitory innervation of the deep extensor abdominal muscle in crayfish is mediated by a weakly acting common
inhibitor, the opener muscle exhibits a stronger inhibition. In the present study the most abundant γ-aminobutyric acid-activated
chloride channel on distal fibers of crayfish opener muscle was characterized by measuring the current responses after applying
pulses of γ-aminobutyric acid to outside-out patches. The results were compared to those obtained earlier with the chloride
channel on the deep extensor abdominal muscle of the same species. The double logarithmic plot of the dose-response relationship
had a slope of n
H = 2.2 in contrast to n
H = 5.3 for the channel on the deep extensor abdominal muscle. The rise time of the current response declined to 1 ms at a
γ-aminobutyric acid concentration of 50 mmol · l−1. With lower concentrations the rise time increased to a maximal value of 280 ms. No peak of the rise time at low γ-aminobutyric
acid concentrations, as observed for the channel on the deep extensor abdominal muscle, was obvious. The open and closed times
were similar to those of the channel of the deep extensor abdominal muscle. Different reaction schemes were discussed to describe
the kinetics of the chloride channel of the opener muscle.
Accepted: 12 August 1996 相似文献
53.