全文获取类型
收费全文 | 9608篇 |
免费 | 882篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 75篇 |
2022年 | 126篇 |
2021年 | 306篇 |
2020年 | 149篇 |
2019年 | 191篇 |
2018年 | 254篇 |
2017年 | 220篇 |
2016年 | 348篇 |
2015年 | 568篇 |
2014年 | 609篇 |
2013年 | 743篇 |
2012年 | 804篇 |
2011年 | 874篇 |
2010年 | 517篇 |
2009年 | 399篇 |
2008年 | 609篇 |
2007年 | 596篇 |
2006年 | 470篇 |
2005年 | 442篇 |
2004年 | 412篇 |
2003年 | 321篇 |
2002年 | 305篇 |
2001年 | 84篇 |
2000年 | 76篇 |
1999年 | 74篇 |
1998年 | 64篇 |
1997年 | 52篇 |
1996年 | 46篇 |
1995年 | 60篇 |
1994年 | 40篇 |
1993年 | 33篇 |
1992年 | 32篇 |
1991年 | 38篇 |
1990年 | 36篇 |
1989年 | 29篇 |
1988年 | 29篇 |
1987年 | 28篇 |
1986年 | 27篇 |
1985年 | 22篇 |
1984年 | 41篇 |
1983年 | 21篇 |
1982年 | 15篇 |
1981年 | 23篇 |
1980年 | 15篇 |
1978年 | 15篇 |
1977年 | 20篇 |
1976年 | 18篇 |
1975年 | 19篇 |
1974年 | 15篇 |
1973年 | 15篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
111.
The synthetic immunomodulator muramyldipeptide (MDP) can stimulate B cells. MDP, when used alone, was apparently unable to induce the differentiation or proliferation of resting B cells. In contrast, MDP appeared to synergize with a single recombinant interleukin (IL) to stimulate either their differentiation or proliferation. We used single interleukins to avoid synergistic and antagonistic effects inherent in the use of several factors. IL-2 was found to be sufficient to restore the specific immune response of resting B cells to sheep erythrocytes; MDP greatly increased the number of plaque-forming cells of such IL-2-stimulated B cells. In contrast, IL-4 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), either alone or in the presence of MDP, had no effect in this differentiation assay. MDP was also able to stimulate polyclonally activated B cells. IL-4 increased the proliferation of anti-IgM-stimulated B cells, leading to enlargement and driving more cells into the cell cycle; these effects were further enhanced by MDP, more cells being induced to proliferate, to enlarge, and to progress into the cycle with a higher frequency of cells in the G1B, S, and G2/M compartments. Intracellular free calcium levels were not increased by IL-4 and/or MDP, and the two compounds did not modify the anti-IgM-induced calcium mobilization. Therefore, MDP appears to amplify cytokine effects in B cell activation, by a mechanism which does not appear to involve free calcium mobilization. 相似文献
112.
Subpopulations of different proliferative status are determined during cell-density dependent proliferation of 3T3 cells. From these data the probability of conversion of proliferative to quiescent cells is derived and found to correlate well with published data on binding of growth-inhibiting factors secreted from growth-inhibited cells.Based on material presented at the Symposium Intercellular Communication Stuttgart, September 16–17, 1982 相似文献
113.
Cysteamine is under investigation as an aid in radiation therapy and as a treatment for the inherited disorder cystinosis. An assay is presented for its measurement in biological fluids. The specific reaction of thiosulfonates with sulfhydryl compounds is employed to form a radiolabeled derivative of cysteamine which is then isolated by high-voltage electrophoresis on paper. Cysteamine can be measured in aqueous solutions, plasma, and urine with this method. 相似文献
114.
Ninety-seven poor sleepers aged 40-68 years took capsules nightly for 32 weeks and made daily subjective ratings. The benzodiazepine hypnotics lormetazepam 2 mg and nitrazepam 5 mg appeared still to improve sleep after 24 weeks of intake when compared with continuous placebo intake. The sustained effectiveness was most evident in a significant shortening of the time taken to fall asleep in patients receiving lormetazepam. After weeks, sleep latency and the quality of sleep were significantly worse than baseline values. The impairment was maximal on the second night after withdrawal of lormetazepam and on the fourth night after withdrawal of nitrazepam. It is concluded that benzodiazepines remain effective for at least 24 weeks but that a period of disturbed sleep may be expected after withdrawal. 相似文献
115.
A Adam J Damas G Calay P Franchimont 《Comptes rendus des séances de la Société de biologie et de ses filiales》1982,176(1):73-81
Variations of the levels of human HMW and LMW kininogens have been studied in serum and in plasma incubated in vitro during 30 hours, at three different temperatures: 4 degrees, 22 degrees and 37 degrees C. There is a small difference between the level of LMW kininogen in plasma and in serum, but the serum and plasma level of LMW kininogen are almost stable during the time of incubation at the three temperatures. However, HMW kininogen is reduced in serum to about fifty percent of its plasma level. It decreases in plasma and in serum during incubation, overall at 4 degrees C. A strict parallelism stays between the radioimmunoassay and the bioassay. 相似文献
116.
Summary Regulation of passive potassium ion transport by the external calcium concentration and temperature was studied on cell cultures of 3T3 mouse cells and their DNA-virus transformed derivatives. Upon lowering of external calcium concentration, passive potassium efflux generally exhibits a sharp increase at about 0.1mm. The fraction of calcium-regulated potassium efflux is largely independent of temperature in the cases of the transformed cells, but shows a sharp increase for 3T3 cells upon increasing temperature above 32°C. In the same range of temperature, the 3T3 cells exhibit the phenomenon of high-temperature inactivation of the residual potassium efflux at 1mm external calcium. At comparable cellular growth densities, the transformed cell lines do not show high-temperature inactivation of residual potassium efflux. These results are consistent with the notion of a decisive role of the internal K+ concentration in the cell-density dependent regulation of cell proliferation. In particular, the growth-inhibiting effect of lowering the external Ca2+ concentrations is considered as largely due to a rise of passive K+ efflux and a subsequent decrease of internal K+ concentration. The experimental data on the Ca2+ dependence of passive K+ flux are quantitatively described by a theoretical model based on the constant field relations including negative surface charges on the external face of the membrane, which cooperatively bind Ca2+ ions and may concomitantly undergo a lateral redistribution. The present evidence is consistent with acidic phospholipids as representing these negative surface charges.This work is dedicated to the memory of Max Delbrück (deceased March 10, 1981), in whose laboratory in 1966 the earlier version of the present theoretical model was developed by one of the authors. 相似文献
117.
N Adam 《T.-I.-T. journal of life sciences》1976,6(1-2):29-34
Recovery of search functions in long-term memory following several hours of anesthesia was studied on human volunteers. Verbal as well as visual search was assessed. The anesthetics used, fluroxene and halothane, slowed down considerably the verbal search for the first few hours following anesthesia, but had very little effect on the following day. No effect was observed a week later. Visual search was not affected at all, in accordance with previous findings indicating a selective effect of low concentrations of inhalation anesthetics on verbal memory. 相似文献
118.
Relationship between the chromatoid body and the acrosomal system in early spermatids of Myxine glutinosa L. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary A transient close relationship between the chromatoid body and the developing acrosome is demonstrated in early spermatids of Myxine glutinosa.This work was supported by the Norwegian Research Council for Science and Humanities (NAVF, Grant Nr. D 61.44) and the Austrian Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung, Projekt 2183 相似文献
119.
G Adam 《Experimental cell research》1975,93(1):71-78
The cell surface charge of 3T3, 3T6, SV40-3T3 cells and trypsin-, neuraminidase- and serumtreated preparations of these has been characterized by microcell electrophoresis. At 25 °C, density-inhibited 3T3 cells show a decrease in electrophoretic mobility when treated with various stimuli of cell division. This effect is not observed at 25 °C for transformed derivatives. The surface charge configuration of various cell preparations exhibits a thermal transition which is located within a temperature range characteristic of each preparation. These and other results from cell electrophoresis, taken together with those obtained in agglutination studies by other authors, are considered evidence for the occurrence in the plasma membrane of these cells of a twodimensional phase separation. The temperature range of this phase separation is shifted on treating the cells by growth stimuli. This effect might be an indication of a basic trigger mechanism in the cell cycle. 相似文献
120.
Cats were exposed to 200 Brugia malayi larvae on one hind foot over a 3 week period. Six weeks after the initial exposure to B. malayi, 10 of the cats were challenged on both hind legs with a Group G streptococcus. The remaining 10 cats were not exposed to the streptococcus. Following bacterial challenge, the B. malayi-infected leg of 9 of 10 cats displayed sequelae including erysipelas and abscesses. In addition, 5 of the affected legs had an elephantoid appearance, both by gross observation and as seen at necropsy 10 weeks after the initial B. malayi infection. The contralateral, uninfected leg of each cat remained normal in appearance. Histologic processing and examination of the elephantoid tissue showed it to be collagen; eosinophils and mast cells were plentiful in the collagen matrix. In the controls, only 1 animal displayed erysipelas and no abscesses were seen. Lymphedema seen in the B. malayi-infected leg of 5 control cats was less extensive than in uninfected cats challenged with streptococci and at necropsy no significant collagen matrix was evident. The location and number of worms in the lymphatics were noted. This study demonstrated that secondary microbial infections can contribute to the causation of elephantiasis under certain circumstances and that developing B. malayi were in some way adversely affected by the streptococcal involvement of the filaria-infected lymphatics. 相似文献