Dynamic and steady state characteristics of the rabbit gastrocnemius muscle determined in series measurements

1. Within the range of the given conditions of measuring static and dynamic properties of the rabbit gastrocnemius muscle the following results were obtained: a) the dependence of the maxima of isotonic shortening upon the relative length of the muscle at constant load is linear; b) the parameters of the non-linear dependence of the passive elastic force of the muscle upon its relative length (measured in series) were identified using asymptotic regression; c) the time course of isotonic contractions (at an interval from 0 to 0.3 s after the beginning of stimulation) could be satisfactorily approximated by responses of a linear system to a step-function; d) the time course of isometric contractions (at an interval from 0 to 0.3 s after the beginning of stimulation) could be closely approximated by responses of a linear system to a step-function. 2. The time constants of isotonic and isometric contractions were determined as the parameters of the corresponding linear systems. 3. The maximum rates of the isometric and isotonic contractions were determined as maxima of the first derivatives of the responses of the corresponding models. 4. The experimental set-up made it possible to compare the values of the parameters concomitantly followed at various muscle lengths and at various loads.     

A determination key to the structural types of seattered green using the air multispectral photography

Scattered green was studied in Czechoslovakia by means of the air multispectral photography and of the field observation. According to various repartition and canopy 19 structural types of seattered green were derived.