The utilization of various biochemical entities in gonadally mature Balanus balanoides (L.) under starvaton and feeding in the absence of copulation

Copulation was prevented by isolation in Balanus balanoides (L.) and the changes in total body weight, carbohydrate, lipid, protein, RNA, and DNA followed when the animals were starved and fed; the results are compared with those on animals allowed to copulate with the consequent loss of semen and laying down of egg lamellae. General body tissues, semen, and ovaries are found not to be isolated compartments; on starvation both semen and ovary contribute to general metabolism, the former to a greater extent. Even when the isolated animals are fed there is still an almost complete resorption of semen, but the ovary is largely maintained. Possible control mechanisms are discussed.     

Human ACE I/D polymorphism is associated with individual differences in exercise heat tolerance.

We hypothesized that there is an association between the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism with the variability in exercise heat tolerance in humans. Fifty-eight Caucasian men were exposed to a 2-h exercise heat-tolerance test. We analyzed the association between their heat-tolerance levels with the ACE DD (n = 25) and I+ (n = 33) genotypes and with various anthropometrical parameters and aerobic fitness. It was found that the relative changes in body core temperature, heat storage, and heart rate during the 120-min exposure to exercise heat stress was consistently lower in the I+ genotype group compared with the DD genotype group (0.8 +/- 0.2 vs. 1 +/- 0.1 degrees C, P < 0.05; 17.7 +/- 1.8 vs. 19.8 +/- 1.3 W/M(2), P < 0.05; and 33 +/- 7 vs. 44 +/- 5 beats/min, respectively, P = 0.06). No significant association was found between heat strain response and the anthropometrical measurements or aerobic fitness in the various genotype groups. We suggest that the ACE I+ polymorphism may be considered as a possible candidate marker for increased heat tolerance.     

The zonation of Tetrachthamalus oblitteratus Newman,and Tetraclita squamosa rufotincta Pilsbry in the Gulf of Elat,Red Sea

The zonation of barnacles on rocky shores along the northern 40 km of the eastern shore of the Gulf of Elat is described. Tetrachthamalus oblitteratus Newman, forms a wide belt in the midlittoral zone; Tetraclita squamosa rufotincta Pilsbry, forms a second barnacle zone which dissects the Tetrachthamalus belt and nearly obliterates it in its central portion. On south-facing slopes the Tetrachthamalus belt is more developed while the Tetraclita belt is reduced and found lower than on other slopes. On beachrock Tetraclita is found on rough surfaces or forms a rim on the margins of crevices and ledges. It is concluded that Tetraclita is favoured by turbulence and wave action. It is suggested that Tetraclita and Tetrachthamalus compete in the main part of the midlittoral and that Tetrachthamalus is more tolerant to heat and desiccation than Tetraclita.     

Dominance and non-complementation among pink-adenineless mutants of Schizophyllum commune involving two discrete genes

Summary In Schizophyllum commune, adenineless mutations conferring pink color fell into two loosely linked loci, ad-4 and ad-7. The mutations were tested for dominance and complementation in dikaryons, and several of the ad-7 mutations were found to be partly dominant over their wild allele and noncomplementary with mutations of the ad-4 locus. The dominance and at least one case of intergenic noncomplementation were verified by quantitative tests.This research was partly supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Grant No. A10-CR-66.     

RGB Plots as a Tool for the Simultaneous Visualization of Multiple Data Layers in a Two Dimensional Space

Visualization of multidimensional data helps in understanding complex systems and environments. We present here a red, green, blue (RGB) visualization method that can serve to display environmental properties. The saturation of each color is used to represent the concentration of a given property. The implementation of that figure is illustrated through visualization of three dissolved inorganic nutrient concentrations along a vertical transect of the Mediterranean, as well as through a vertical time series of three phytoplankton group cell numbers. The RGB figures show well known properties of the water column. In addition, they reveal some lesser-known properties, such as regions in shallow water in which the ratio of phosphorus and silica to nitrogen is high, and a deep eukariotic phytoplankton community. Visualization of such data is usually performed with three separate contour or surface plots, and occasionally two properties are presented as an overlay in a single figure. The RGB figure offers a better way to visualize the interactions among the three separate plots than is commonly available.