Rat liver foci study on coexposure with 50 Hz magnetic fields and known carcinogens

A study was performed to investigate possible interactions by magnetic fields (MF) with the processes of initiation and promotion of chemically induced preneoplastic lesions in rat liver. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a 70% partial hepatectomy followed after 24 h by i.p. injection of diethylnitrosamine (DENA) as a tumour initiator. Starting one week after the DENA-treatment phenobarbital (PB) was given to promote growth of enzymatically altered foci of liver cells. MF was applied immediately after the partial hepatectomy and continued until sacrifice after 12 weeks of PB exposure. Homogenous horizontal AC magnetic fields with a frequency of 50 Hz and flux densities of 0.5 μT or 0.5 mT were used. The rats coexposed with MF and DENA plus PB did not gain weight as much as the rats exposed to the chemical agents only. The MF-exposure also resulted in a slight reduction in size and numbers of the focal lesions. The results suggest an interaction of MF with the processes of chemical carcinogenesis either as a result of stress or depending on effects on the proliferation of preneoplastic cells. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

重组人IL6／2融合蛋白对6.5Gy照射小鼠造血功能恢复的影响

观察了ｈＦＰＩＬ６／２对６．５Ｇｙγ线照射ＮＩＨ小鼠第１０天造血功能恢复的影响。结果表明：照射小鼠连续４ｄ给予ｈＦＰＩＬ６／２２５０μｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１,其脾重、ＣＦＵ－８、骨髓有核细胞数及ＣＭ－ＣＦＵ分别比对照组增加５９．０％、２７８．５％、５７．９％和１３８．２％,统计学处理均有显著差异;对此四项指标的改善也明显优于２５μｇ组。另外,２５０μｇ剂量组小鼠外周血象３０ｄ的动态观察结果表明,ｈＦＰＩＬ６／２不但能明显提高红细胞和血红蛋白的最低值,而且能使血小板的恢复提前。提示ｈＦＰＩＬ６／２在促进血小板生成和促进红系造血方面可能具有良好的应用前景。     

中国潜叶蜂族研究(膜翅目:叶蜂科)(英文)

本文记述了中国潜叶蜂族Fenusini 8属14种,其中新种8种:金眼榉潜叶蜂Profenusa chrysichloritasp. nov.、中华拟潜叶蜂Nefusa sinica sp.nov.、短距拟潜叶蜂Nefusa brevis sp.nov.、四川昧潜叶蜂Metallus sichuanensis sp.nov.、王氏昧潜叶蜂Metallus wangi sp.nov.、马氏昧潜叶蜂Metallus mai sp.nov.、大室缅潜叶蜂Birmella discoidalisa sp.nov.、北京舌潜叶蜂Okutanius pekingensis sp.nov.;中国新记录种3种:日本榉潜叶蜂Profenusa hirashima Togashi、榆潜叶蜂Fenusa pusilla(Lepel.)、金露梅小潜叶蜂Fenella monilicornis Thomson。本文所记述各属除缅潜叶蜂属Birmindia Malaise和丝潜叶蜂属Messa Leach以外均为中国新记录属。新种均附有形态特征图,并编制了潜叶蜂族中国已知属检索表和各属中国已知种类或世界种类检索表。模式标本均保存于中国科学院动物研究所昆虫标本馆。     

三种蚜虫对植物挥发性次生物质触角电位反应的比较研究(英语)

用触角电位法研究了大豆蚜、棉蚜和桃蚜对39种挥发性次生化合物的反应,结果如下:1)绿叶气味化合物及其异构体的去极化电压远强于萜烯类;具有6个碳原子的醇类和醛类是最有活性的化合物.2)大豆蚜和棉蚜对醛类和脂类的反应要比对相应的醇类强,这与桃蚜的实验结果刚好相反.3)蚜虫嗅觉系统所显示的活性与刺激化合物的结构有关,醇类和醛类刺激所引起的EAG饱和的要比不饱和的强.4)大豆春迁蚜对萜烯衍生物(醇、醛、脂)的触角电位反应高于棉蚜,而对萜烃化合物的反应刚好相反.5)各种化合物引起的EAG峰形不同;牛儿醇、癸醇和香茅醇刺激所引起的波形回复最慢,而在直链饱和醇中随着碳原子数的增加而回复速度减慢.     

Na+, K+, Cl− cotransport and its regulation in Ehrlich ascites Tumor cells. Ca2+/Calmodulin and protein kinase C dependent pathways

Summary Net Cl^– uptake as well as unidirectional³⁶Cl influx during regulatory volume increase (RVI) require external K⁺. Half-maximal rate of bumetanide-sensitive³⁶Cl uptake is attained at about 3.3mm external K⁺. The bumetanide-sensitive K⁺ influx found during RVI is strongly dependent on both Na⁺ and Cl^–. The bumetanide-sensitive unidirectional Na⁺ influx during RVI is dependent on K⁺ as well as on Cl^–. The cotransporter activated during RVI in Ehrlich cells, therefore, seems to transport Na⁺, K⁺ and Cl^–. In the presence of ouabain and Ba⁺ the stoichiometry of the bumetanide-sensitive net fluxes can be measured at 1.0 Na⁺, 0.8 K⁺, 2.0 Cl^– or approximately 1 : Na, 1 : K, 2 : Cl. Under these circumstances the K⁺ and Cl^– flux ratios (influx/efflux) for the bumetanide-sensitive component were estimated at 1.34 ±0.08 and 1.82 ± 0.15 which should be compared to the gradient for the Na⁺, K⁺, 2Cl^– cotransport system at 1.75 ± 0.24.Addition of sucrose to hypertonicity causes the Ehrlich cells to shrink with no signs of RVI, whereas shrinkage with hypertonic standard medium (all extracellular ion concentrations increased) results in a RVI response towards the original cell volume. Under both conditions a bumetanide-sensitive unidirectional K⁺ influx is activated. During hypotonic conditions a small bumetanide-sensitive K⁺ influx is observed, indicating that the cotransport system is already activated.The cotransport is activated 10–15 fold by bradykinin, an agonist which stimulates phospholipase C resulting in release of internal Ca²⁺ and activation of protein kinase C.The anti-calmodulin drug pimozide inhibits most of the bumetanide-sensitive K⁺ influx during RVI. The cotransporter can be activated by the phorbol ester TPA. These results indicate that the stimulation of the Na⁺, K⁺, Cl^– cotransport involves both Ca²⁺/calmodulin and protein kinase C.     

Coupling Among Energy Failure, Loss of Ion Homeostasis, and Phospholipase A2 and C Activation During Ischemia

Abstract— The objective of the present experiments was to correlate changes in cellular energy metabolism, dissipative ion fluxes, and lipolysis during the first 90 s of ischemia and, hence, to establish whether phospholipase A₂or phospholipase C is responsible for the early accumulation of phospholipid hydrolysis products. Ischemia was induced for 15–90 s in rats, extracellular K⁺ (K⁺_e) was recorded, and neocortex was frozen in situ for measurements of labile tissue metabolites, free fatty acids, and diacylglycerides. Ischemia of 15-and 30-s duration gave rise to a decrease in phosphocreatine concentration and a decline in the ATP/free ADP ratio. Although these changes were accompanied by an activation of K⁺ conductances, there were no changes in free fatty acids until after 60s, when free arachidonic acid accumulated. An increase in other free fatty acids and in total diacylglyceride content did not occur until after anoxic depolarization. The results demonstrate that the early functional changes, such as activation of K⁺ conductances, are unrelated to changes in lipids or lipid mediators. They furthermore suggest that the initial lipolysis occurs via both phospholipase A₂ and phospholipase C, which are activated when membrane depolarization leads to influx of calcium into cells.     

Eviostachya hoegii Stockmans在中国五通组的首次发现

首次描述了Eviostachya hoegii Stockmans的营养部分,通过大量标本的观察,修订了前人有关其生殖部分和解剖部分的描述,并对其生殖部分进行了复原.同意Emberger(1968)的观点,将其归于Eviostachyrales中.     

石炭纪一植物新属Reticalethopteris gen.nov.——对Palaeoweichselia yuani Sze的再研究

对北祁连山东段和鄂尔多斯西缘新材料的研究表明,甘肃景泰红水堡晚石炭世早期的杂羊齿属(Palaeoweichselia)与西欧的模式标本存在明显差异,遂另建-新属——Reticalethopteris gen.nov..新属与Neuralethopteris是脉延羊齿类植物中分别代表网状叶脉和羽状叶脉的一对姐妹属.     

南丹相泥盆系中的翼口蛤类

滇西晚石炭世 Triticites 带的苔藓虫,产于施甸的10种,内含1新种,群体形状单一,生活于温暖、清洁、高能、面向外海的硬基底浅海区;产于腾冲的只有1种,是低能深水特提斯区分子.早二叠世苔藓虫12种,内含1新种,产耿马永德组 Polydiexodina 带之下,系特提斯区分子,据对其中的3层苔藓虫的硬体类型及标本数量分析,耿马含苔藓虫地层代表一个海侵过程.     

论晚二叠世的“克氏蛤”

系统评述目前世界上出现的晚二叠世克氏蛤类标本,并描述采自贵州,云南藏东的有关化石１属３种。其中１新属１新种,右壳足丝凹口特征在克氏蛤类研究中具有重要意义。晚二叠世的Ｃｌａｒａｉｏｉｄｅｓ ｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．以足丝凹口内端明显向腹方或后腹方扩展膨大成足丝凹湾而不同于早三叠世的Ｃｌａｒａｉａ．后者似由前者演化而来,它们在二叠－三叠系界线附近发生替代,可能与古生代末的绝灭事件相关。