Membrane-bound sn-1,2-diacylglycerols explain the dissociation of hepatic insulin resistance from hepatic steatosis in MTTP knockout mice

Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) deficiency results in a syndrome of hypolipidemia and accelerated NAFLD. Animal models of decreased hepatic MTTP activity have revealed an unexplained dissociation between hepatic steatosis and hepatic insulin resistance. Here, we performed comprehensive metabolic phenotyping of liver-specific MTTP knockout (L-Mttp^−/−) mice and age-weight matched wild-type control mice. Young (10–12-week-old) L-Mttp^−/− mice exhibited hepatic steatosis and increased DAG content; however, the increase in hepatic DAG content was partitioned to the lipid droplet and was not increased in the plasma membrane. Young L-Mttp^−/− mice also manifested normal hepatic insulin sensitivity, as assessed by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps, no PKCε activation, and normal hepatic insulin signaling from the insulin receptor through AKT Ser/Thr kinase. In contrast, aged (10-month-old) L-Mttp^−/− mice exhibited glucose intolerance and hepatic insulin resistance along with an increase in hepatic plasma membrane sn-1,2-DAG content and PKCε activation. Treatment with a functionally liver-targeted mitochondrial uncoupler protected the aged L-Mttp^−/− mice against the development of hepatic steatosis, increased plasma membrane sn-1,2-DAG content, PKCε activation, and hepatic insulin resistance. Furthermore, increased hepatic insulin sensitivity in the aged controlled-release mitochondrial protonophore-treated L-Mttp^−/− mice was not associated with any reductions in hepatic ceramide content. Taken together, these data demonstrate that differences in the intracellular compartmentation of sn-1,2-DAGs in the lipid droplet versus plasma membrane explains the dissociation of NAFLD/lipid-induced hepatic insulin resistance in young L-Mttp^−/− mice as well as the development of lipid-induced hepatic insulin resistance in aged L-Mttp^−/− mice.     

Extracellular vesicles from bone mesenchymal stem cells transport microRNA-206 into osteosarcoma cells and target NRSN2 to block the ERK1/2-Bcl-xL signaling pathway

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a kind of malignant tumor originating from mesenchymal tissues. Bone mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles (BMSCs-EVs) can play important roles in OS. This study investigated the mechanism of BMSCs-EVs on OS. BMSC surface antigens and adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation were detected by flow cytometry, and oil red O and alizarin red staining. EVs were isolated from BMSCs by differential centrifugation and identified by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and Western blot (WB). miR-206 and neurensin-2 (NRSN2) levels in human osteoblast hFOB 1.19 or OS cells (143B, MG-63, Saos2, HOS) were detected by RT-qPCR. Human OS cells with lower miR-206 levels were selected and treated with BMSCs-EVs or pSUPER-NRSN2. The uptake of EVs by 143B cells, cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration were detected by immunofluorescence, 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU) and colony formation assays, flow cytometry, scratch test, and transwell assays. The binding sites between miR-206 and NRSN2 were predicted by Starbase database and verified by dual-luciferase assay. The OS xenograft model was established and treated with BMSCs-EVs. Tumor growth rate and volume, cell proliferation, and p-ERK1/2, ERK1/2, and Bcl-xL levels were detected by vernier caliper, immunohistochemistry, and WB. BMSCs-EVs were successfully extracted. miR-206 was diminished and NRSN2 was promoted in OS cells. BMSCs-EVs inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion, and promoted apoptosis of OS cells. BMSCs-EVs carried miR-206 into OS cells. Inhibition of miR-206 in EVs partially reversed the inhibitory effect of EVs on malignant behaviors of OS cells. miR-206 targeted NRSN2. Overexpression of NRSN2 reversed the inhibitory effect of EVs on OS cells. NRSN2 activated the ERK1/2-Bcl-xL pathway. BMSC-EVs inhibited OS growth in vivo. In summary, BMSC-EVs targeted NRSN2 and inhibited the ERK1/2-Bcl-xL pathway by carrying miR-206 into OS cells, thus inhibiting OS progression.Key words: Osteosarcoma, bone mesenchymal stem cells, extracellular vesicle, miR-206, NRSN2, ERK1/2- Bcl-xL     

HLA-Ⅰ表达与维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌前病变及HPV16感染的关系研究

目的:现察人白细胞相关抗原Ⅰ(human leukocyte antigen class Ⅰ, HLA-Ⅰ)表达与维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌前病变进程及高危型HPV16的关系.方法:收集维吾尔族妇女宫颈炎、宫颈内上皮瘤样病(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN)和宫颈鳞癌患者的石蜡包埋组织标本共148例,提取组织DNA,应用PCR的方法检测HPV阳性及HPV16型别;同时采用免疫组织化学SP法检测HLA-Ⅰ蛋白表达水平.结果:(1)在维吾尔族妇女中HLA-Ⅰ抗原在宫颈炎、CIN Ⅰ-Ⅱ、CIN Ⅲ、SCC组中阳性表达逐渐减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001).(2)HLA-Ⅰ的阳性表达下降趋势与宫颈癌临床分期、组织分化程度和淋巴结转移密切相关.(3)HPV在宫颈炎、CIN Ⅰ-Ⅱ、CIN Ⅲ、宫颈癌中的感染率分别为13%、46%、82%、95%,差异有统计学(P<0.001).(4)HPV16在宫颈炎、CIN Ⅰ-Ⅱ、CINⅢ、宫颈癌中的感染率分别为4%、30%、68%、85%,差异有统计学(P<0.001).(5)在HPV 16阳性标本中,存在HLA-Ⅰ表达缺失的占71%(58/82),HPV16感染与HLA-Ⅰ表达呈负相关(r=-0.625,P<0.001).结论:(1)HLA-Ⅰ表达缺陷可能是宫颈病变进展的重要标志,对宫颈癌的预测预警提供依据.(2)HPV16感染在宫颈病变的发展过程中起到了极大的促进作用,是一个很强的致癌因素.(3)HPV16感染与HLA-Ⅰ表达之间的关系对揭示宫颈癌发病机制提供了客观依据.     

新疆胀果甘草总黄酮的细胞毒活性研究

为了探讨新疆胀果甘草总黄酮(general flavonoids,GFs)对宫颈癌细胞的细胞毒活性,自制备胀果甘草GFs,通过离子阱喷雾式质谱技术分析,建立GFs组分的指纹图谱;并且对SiHa宫颈癌细胞进行GFs药物干预,应用MTT法和流式细胞技术分别鉴定细胞活力和细胞凋亡率。获得了新疆胀果甘草GFs组分的特征性指纹图谱,提取物中GFs含量可达35.40%;发现在0～500μg/mL GFs浓度范围内,GFs药物干预引起细胞活力梯度性下降,其MTT法检出的最低值为12%;在0～1000μg/mL GFs浓度范围内,GFs诱导的细胞凋亡率呈现梯度性上升趋势,其流式细胞仪检出的最高值为78%。结果表明新疆胀果甘草GFs具有较强的细胞毒活性,能够抑制宫颈癌细胞生长与活力,并诱导细胞凋亡。     

Research on the establishment of chronic stress‐induced premature ovarian failure the rat model and effects of Chinese medicine Muniziqi treatment

The purposes of this study were to establish and to explore the biological basis of the chronic stress‐induced premature ovarian failure (POF) model and to explore the therapeutic effects of the traditional Chinese medicine Muniziqi. Sexually matured female Sprague–Dawley rats were fed with spinach and cilantro in cold and wet conditions for about 20 weeks until a chronic stress (CS) model was established. The CS rats were divided into a POF stress model group and a stress model group according to weekly biological characteristics and hormone level detection ( luteinizing hormone [LH], follicle stimulating hormone [FSH], and estrogen [E2]). To investigate the therapeutic effect of Muniziqi, the POF disease stress model group was divided into the high‐, medium‐, and low‐drug intervention groups. The results showed that chronic stresses (special food, cold, damp) can lead to POF disease. The traditional Chinese medicine Muniziqi could not only improve the reproductive hormone level disorder, but also improve the function of the hypothalamus–pituitary–ovarian axis. The underlying mechanism may be a change in the E2, LH, and FSH hormone levels in serum and lower expression of ovarian premature aging‐related protein PFN‐1.     

大蜡螟医学真菌感染模型的研究现况

在研究真菌感染中建立合适的真菌感染动物模型非常重要,大蜡螟幼虫作为昆虫动物模型之一,相比于其他的动物模型具有多种技术优势,目前已被广泛用于新型隐球菌、小孢子菌、红色毛癣菌、念珠菌属、暗色真菌、马尔尼菲青霉菌、黄曲霉和烟曲霉等多种致病菌的毒力、发病机制、免疫学改变、抗菌药物的开发以及系统性真菌感染的治疗等各个研究领域。研究表明大蜡螟感染模型研究结果与哺乳动物的结果相似,因此可以用大蜡螟来替代哺乳动物进行相关研究,从而减少了实验对哺乳动物的依赖性。     

核桃仁内隔膜中总黄酮最佳提取工艺的研究

目的:从核桃仁内隔膜中提取并测定总黄酮含量,选择最佳提取工艺条件.方法:以芦丁为对照品,用分光光度法在最大吸收波长510nm对其含量进行测定.结果:测得样品中总黄酮含量C=6.430%,最佳提取工艺:乙醇浓度为75%、料液比为1:40、超声提取时间为60min、超声提取温度为80℃.结论:选用芦丁为对照品应用于紫外分光光度法测定核桃仁内隔膜总黄酮含量准确度较高,方法简单,可作为测定核桃仁内隔膜中黄酮含量的一种手段.