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101.
van Lent PL Nabbe KC Blom AB Sloetjes A Holthuysen AE Kolls J Van De Loo FA Holland SM Van Den Berg WB 《Arthritis research & therapy》2005,7(4):R885-R895
In previous studies we have found that FcγRI determines chondrocyte death and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-mediated cartilage
destruction during IFN-γ-regulated immune complex arthritis (ICA). Binding of immune complexes (ICs) to FcγRI leads to the
prominent production of oxygen radicals. In the present study we investigated the contribution of NADPH-oxidase-driven oxygen
radicals to cartilage destruction by using p47phox-/- mice lacking a functional NADPH oxidase complex. Induction of a passive ICA in the knee joints of p47phox-/- mice resulted in a significant elevation of joint inflammation at day 3 when compared with wild-type (WT) controls as studied
by histology. However, when IFN-γ was overexpressed by injection of adenoviral IFN-γ in the knee joint before ICA induction,
a similar influx of inflammatory cells was found at days 3 and 7, comprising mainly macrophages in both mouse strains. Proteoglycan
depletion from the cartilage layers of the knee joints in both groups was similar at days 3 and 7. Aggrecan breakdown in cartilage
caused by MMPs was further studied by immunolocalisation of MMP-mediated neoepitopes (VDIPEN). VDIPEN expression in the cartilage
layers of arthritic knee joints was markedly lower (between 30 and 60%) in IFN-γ-stimulated arthritic p47phox-/- mice at day 7 than in WT controls, despite significant upregulation of mRNA levels of various MMPs such as MMP-3, MMP-9,
MMP-12 and MMP-13 in synovia and MMP-13 in cartilage layers as measured with quantitative RT-PCR. The latter observation suggests
that oxygen radicals are involved in the activation of latent MMPs. Chondrocyte death, determined as the percentage of empty
lacunae in articular cartilage, ranged between 20 and 60% at day 3 and between 30 and 80% at day 7 in WT mice, and was completely
blocked in p47phox-/- mice at both time points. FcγRI mRNA expression was significantly lower, and FcγRII and FcγRIII were higher, in p47phox-/- mice than in controls. NADPH-oxidase-driven oxygen radical production determines chondrocyte death and aggravates MMP-mediated
cartilage destruction during IFN-γ-stimulated IC-mediated arthritis. Upregulation of FcγRI by oxygen radicals may contribute
to cartilage destruction. 相似文献
102.
103.
104.
Xiaodan Xu Wei Zheng AJ Harris Wei Wang Weizhu Shao Jun Wen 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2018,38(10):123
Camellia reticulata is a well-known woody ornamental species endemic to Southwest China. It represents a polyploid complex with diploids, allotetraploids, and allohexaploids. The parentage of the allotetraploids and allohexaploids has been reported by genomic in situ hybridization, but the maternal parents still remain unknown. In this study, sequences of the chloroplast rpl16 intron of 105 cultivars of C. reticulata and 7 congeneric species were used to infer the maternal origin of the allopolyploids. The results showed that (1) the allotetraploids were derived from C. pitardii as the maternal parental species and the diploid C. reticulata as the paternal parental species; (2) the allohexaploid C. reticulata was derived from the allotetraploid C. reticulata as the maternal parent and C. saluenensis as the paternal parent; and (3) the C. reticulata cultivars were derived from hexaploid C. reticulata as the maternal parents. These results indicated that C. pitardii, the allotetraploid and allohexaploid C. reticulata may serve as good potential maternal parents for the cross breeding of Camellia. 相似文献
105.
106.
Mitochondrial control-region sequences in two shorebird species, the turnstone and the dunlin, and their utility in population genetic studies 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
We determined the mitochondrial control-region sequences of five turnstones
(Arenaria interpres) and three dunlins (Calidris alpina). Comparisons
revealed that the central part (part II) is conserved relative to much more
variable parts at the beginning (part I) and the end (part III). This
pattern of sequence conservation is also found in the control regions of
other vertebrates. The average sequence divergence between turnstone and
dunlin was 21.8% for part I, 7.5% for part II, and 29.5% for part III.
Within-species sequence divergence over the entire control region was much
lower, at 0.9% for turnstones and 2.0% for dunlins. In both shorebird
species, part III contains a repetitive sequence composed only of A and C
nucleotides, which has not been found in the control regions of other
birds. A survey of the part I sequences of 25 turnstones and 25 dunlins
sampled around the world revealed that these species have very different
population genetic structures. Dunlins are not only much more
differentiated in their sequences but also have a strongly subdivided
population genetic structure. Pleistocene vicariant events combined with
strong natal philopatry and high mutation rates of the sequences are likely
responsible for this population genetic subdivision. Conversely, part I
sequences of turnstones are weakly differentiated and are geographically
unstructured. We argue that this is not the result of global gene flow but
that, instead turnstones have recently expanded from a refugial population
that was bottlenecked.
相似文献
107.
To determine the salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) response to repeated bouts of unaccustomed, downhill running (eccentrically biased) and examine potential protective immunological adaption from a repeated bout effect. Eleven active but untrained males (age: 19.7±0.4 years; VO2peak: 47.8± 3.6 ml · kg−1 · min −1) performed two 60 min bouts (Run 1 and Run 2) of downhill running (−13.5% gradient), separated by 14 days, at a speed eliciting 75% of their VO2peak on a level grade. Saliva samples were collected before (baseline), immediately post exercise (IPE), and every hour for 12 h and every 24 h for 6 days after each run. Salivary sIgA concentration was measured and sIgA secretion rate was calculated. Results were analysed using repeated measures ANOVA (12 h period: 2x14; 24 h intervals: 2x7; p ≤ 0.05) with Tukey post-hoc tests where appropriate. Results are reported as means ± SE. There was a significant (p < 0.0001) interaction effect for sIgA secretion rate, IPE, with higher values after Run 2, as well as a significant (p < 0.01) time effect with elevated levels IPE and between 24 h and 144 h. There was a run effect (p < 0.0001), with the sIgA secretion rate significantly higher after Run 2. Repeated bouts of unaccustomed, eccentrically biased exercise induced alterations in the salivary sIgA secretion rate. This may serve as a protective mucosal adaptation to exercise-induced tissue damage. 相似文献
108.
We performed analyses of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) in order to characterize the evolutionary history of Orinus according to its population genetic structure, as well as to investigate putative hybrid origins of O. intermedius and to provide additional insights into relationships among species. The genus Orinus comprises three clonal grasses that are dominant species within xeric alpine grasslands of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP). Here, we used eight selectively obtained primer pairs of EcoRI/MseI to perform amplifications in 231 individuals of Orinus representing 48 populations and all three species. We compared our resulting data to genetic models of hybridization using a Bayesian algorithm within NewHybrids software. We determined that genetic variation in Orinus was 56.65% within populations while the among‐species component was 30.04% using standard population genetics statistics. Nevertheless, we detected that species of Orinus were clustered into three highly distinct genetic groups corresponding to classic species identities. Our results suggest that there is some introgression among species. Thus, we tested explicit models of hybridization using a Bayesian approach within NewHybrids software. However, O. intermedius likely derives from a common ancestor with O. kokonoricus and is probably not the result of hybrid speciation between O. kokonoricus and O. thoroldii. We suspect that recent isolation of species of Orinus in allopatry via vicariance may explain the patterns in diversity that we observed, and this is corroborated by a Mantel test that showed significant positive correlation between geographic and genetic distance (r = 0.05, p < 0.05). Recent isolation may explain why Orinus differs from many other clonal species by exhibiting the highest diversity within populations rather than among them. 相似文献
109.
The segregation of laboratory maintained male and larval Myrmecia gulosa from workers resulted in increased levels of culturable microbiota. After 29 days, microbial levels recovered from segregated males and larvae were 27 and 126 times greater than from males and larvae not segregated from workers. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that metapleural gland secretions, absent in larvae and males, are transferred from workers to larvae, and males contribute to the inhibition of cuticular microbiota. 相似文献
110.
Fourteen native strains of Trichoderma spp. from wildand agricultural pathosystems in the state of Yucatan, Mexico, with growth-promoting ability of Capsicum chinense Jacq. seedlings were evaluated and antagonistic effect of their filtrate against second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne incognita. The strains Th05-02 and Th27-08 showed the best significant effects on plant hight variable increments 55.57 and 47.62%, theTh07-04 with 29.48% more root length, theTh02-01 and Th07-04 isolates increased from 48.71 to 84.61% in volume radical and 53.40% of total dry biomass. Statistical analysis (p≤0.001) of Th43 and Th43-13-14 filtrates caused 100% mortality at 24 and 48h. In the test of reversibility to 24 h after replacing the filtrates Th43-13, Th43-14, TH09-06 and TH20-07 by sterile distilled water, the J2 did not recover their viability, so they were considered as the best potential strains of Trichoderma spp. with antagonistic capacity in J2 of M.incognita. 相似文献