Anti-Ulcerogenic Effect of Methanolic Extracts from Enicosanthellum pulchrum (King) Heusden against Ethanol-Induced Acute Gastric Lesion in Animal Models

A natural source of medicine, Enicosanthellum pulchrum is a tropical plant which belongs to the family Annonaceae. In this study, methanol extract from the leaves and stems of this species was evaluated for its gastroprotective potential against mucosal lesions induced by ethanol in rats. Seven groups of rats were assigned, groups 1 and 2 were given Tween 20 (10% v/v) orally. Group 3 was administered omeprazole 20 mg/kg (10% Tween 20) whilst the remaining groups received the leaf and stem extracts at doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg, respectively. After an additional hour, the rats in groups 2–7 received ethanol (95% v/v; 8 mL/kg) orally while group 1 received Tween 20 (10% v/v) instead. Rats were sacrificed after 1 h and their stomachs subjected to further studies. Macroscopically and histologically, group 2 rats showed extremely severe disruption of the gastric mucosa compared to rats pre-treated with the E. pulchrum extracts based on the ulcer index, where remarkable protection was noticed. Meanwhile, a significant percentage of inhibition was shown with the stem extract at 62% (150 mg/kg) and 65% (300 mg/kg), whilst the percentage with the leaf extract at doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg was 63% and 75%, respectively. An increase in mucus content, nitric oxide, glutathione, prostaglandin E2, superoxide dismutase, protein and catalase, and a decrease in malondialdehyde level compared to group 2 were also obtained. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining of groups 4–7 exhibited down-regulation of Bax and up-regulation of Hsp70 proteins. The methanol extract from the leaves and the stems showed notable gastroprotective potential against ethanol.     

农田生态保留带中小林姬鼠的种群动态和结构

栖息地状况对小型兽类种群动态具有明显影响。在质量好,食物资源丰富,隐蔽条件优良的栖息地中小型兽类具有较高的存活率,种群繁殖时间更长,体重比较高。有关栖息地和种群动态方面国内外已有研究报道（Brown,1988;Corp et al．,1997;Quinn et al．,2003;Schnurr et al．,2004）。     

新疆博格达山岩面生地衣群落结构特征

根据对新疆博格达山岩面生地衣群落20个样点(20m×20m)调查的数据,以各地衣种的盖度为指标结合双向指示种分析方法(TWINSPAN)和除趋势对应分析法(DCA)对博格达山岩面生地衣群落进行数量分类并分析了群落结构特征及其多样性和相似性。采用典范对应分析法(CCA)对各群落的物种分布格局与环境因子的关系进行研究。结果表明,TWINSPAN分析和DCA排序将分布在博格达山的37种岩面生地衣分为以下5个群丛。群丛1:斑纹网衣(Lecidea tessellate Florke)+粉芽盾衣(Peltula euploca(Ach.)Poelt)+杜瑞氏黄梅(Xanthoparmelia durietzii Hale)群丛,有25个种,总覆盖度为30.145%,多样性为4.025;群丛2:袋衣(Hypogymnia physodes(L.)Nyl.)+白边平茶渍(Aspicilia sublaqueata(H.Magn.)J.C.Wei)+砖孢胶衣(Collema subconveniens Nyl.)群丛,有17个种,地衣总盖度为15.885%,多样性为3.196;群丛3:聚茶渍(Lecanora accumulate H.Magn.)+丽石黄衣(Xanthoria elegans(Link)Th.Fr.)+亚洲平茶渍(Aspicilia asiatica(H.Magn.)Yoshim.)群丛,有30个种,地衣总盖度为37.87%,多样性为4.357;群丛4:中华石果衣(Endocarpon sinense H.Magn.)+伴藓大孢蜈蚣衣(Physconia muscigena(Ach.)Poelt.)+垫脐鳞衣(Rhizoplaca melanophthalma(DC.)LeuckertPoelt)群丛,有24个种,地衣总盖度为30.458%,多样性为3.912;群丛5:石胶衣(Collema flaccidum(Ach.)Ach.)+短绒皮果衣(Dermatocarpon vellereum Zschacke)+绿黑地图衣(Rhizocarpon viridiatrum(Wulfen)Korber.)群丛,有18个种,地衣总盖度为19.331%,多样性为3.515。CCA排序结果反映,该地区岩面生地衣的分布与海拔高度、光照强度、岩石pH和人为干扰有关,其中影响最大的因素是海拔高度,其次为光照强度和干扰。坡向和岩石大小对地衣种类分布的影响不显著。     

Correlation Between IL-13rs20541(A> G) Gene Polymorphism and Bronchial Asthma Among Iraqi Patients

Background:Bronchial asthma has a complicated genetic history. Changes in gene expression may be caused by gene polymorphism, cytokines play a central role. IL-13 is an interleukin that has been shown to play a role in the disease''s immunopathogenesis. The current study investigated the relationship between rs20541 of the IL-13 gene and Bronchial asthma in Iraqi patients.Methods:Seventy-five patient and fifty healthy individuals as a control. The DNA was extracted from blood samples. Detection of genotype IL-13SNP (rs20541) were achieved by RFLP-PCR.Results:indicated a highly significant the levels of the IgE, and IL-13 in the patients compared to control at (p value≤ 0.01), (456.45±290.106 vs. 30.08±24.414), (59.5980±20.93750 vs.6.7034±4.10547) pg/ml respectively. Result shows no significant differences in the frequency distributions of IL-13 SNP (rs20541) for all genotypes in cases and controls. A protective role of asthma, (OR: 0.62; CI.95%: 0.23 - 1.6) and (OR 0.89; CI.95%:0.42 - 1.89) were observed for wild type homozygous and heterozygous genotype respectively. Whereas the AA genotype (42.7%) in cases and (34.0%) in control, that (OR:1.44; CI.95%:( 0.66 - 3.07) mutant homozygous were risk factors of asthma among individuals. The genotypes of IL-13 rs20541 (GG, AG, AA) among patients and controls were significantly correlated with IgE and IL-13 results at (p≤ 0.05).Conclusion:AA genotype in case and control mutant homozygous were risk factors of asthma among individuals. It’s possible that this has a predisposing impact on the development of asthma.Key Words: Bronchial Asthma, RFLP, IL-13, SNP     

阿尔泰山两河源自然保护区森林生态系统朽木生地衣群落的数量分类

应用双向指示种分析和除趋势对应分析对阿尔泰山两河源国家级自然保护区的朽木生地衣群落进行了数量分类。初步结果表明,该自然保护区朽木生地衣共有43种,隶属于5目、14科、20属,它们组成了以下4个地衣群落。群落(Ⅰ):分布在样点1、2、3、4、5中,包括15种地衣种类,命名为对开蜈蚣衣+半羽蜈蚣衣+红心黑蜈蚣衣群落。群落(Ⅱ):分布在样点6、7、8、9、11中,包括25种地衣,命名为尖头石蕊+粉石蕊+矮石蕊群落。群落(Ⅲ):由样点10、12、13、14、16组成,常见的地衣种类有19个种,命名为蜡黄橙衣+茎口果粉衣+冷杉粉衣群落。群落(Ⅳ):包括样点15、17、18、19和20,由22个地衣种组成。命名为疑小梅衣+同色黄烛衣+脱落网衣群落。群落Ⅰ和群落Ⅱ的相似性最高为0.723,其次为群落Ⅰ和群落Ⅲ为0.609,群落Ⅲ和群落Ⅳ之间的相似性最低为0.262。群落Ⅲ的多样性最大为1.954;其次为群落Ⅱ和群落Ⅰ,分别为1.742和我1.685,群落Ⅳ的多样性最低为0.543。各群落的相似性和多样性之间的差异与其所处环境和朽木树种的多样性有关。同时发现在研究地区的朽木生地衣群落的分布与海拔高度、朽木腐蚀程度、朽木大小、森林郁闭度等因子具有密切的关系。     

松萝酸研究进展

自从松萝酸于1844年第一次被分离出来,它已经成为研究最广泛的地衣物质之一。对于松萝酸的抗菌功能、化学性质及其在医药、环境监控等各个领域的应用研究,可见于各种外文文献的报道。美国、日本及德国的应用研究较多;而中国、智利、南斯拉夫、印度尼西亚等国仍然在致力于松萝酸的提取、抗菌、抗病毒等基础方面的研究。中文文献不多。目前发现松萝酸只存在于地衣中,在以下种属中较为丰富：树发属、石蕊属、茶渍衣属、松萝属、树花属及扁枝衣。     

新疆网衣属地衣中国新记录种（英文）

大量采集新疆各地网衣属（LecideaAch.）地衣标本,发现1个中国新记录种L.hypocrita,4个新疆新记录种L.berengeriana,L.confluens,L.lactea,L.lithophila。文中对这些新记录地衣进行了详细描述,并提供了反映地衣特征的彩色图片。     

A novel Pezizomycotina-specific protein with gelsolin domains regulates contractile actin ring assembly and constriction in perforated septum formation

Septum formation in fungi is equivalent to cytokinesis. It differs mechanistically in filamentous ascomycetes (Pezizomycotina) from that of ascomycete yeasts by the retention of a central septal pore in the former group. However, septum formation in both groups is accomplished by contractile actin ring (CAR) assembly and constriction. The specific components regulating septal pore organization during septum formation are poorly understood. In this study, a novel Pezizomycotina-specific actin regulatory protein GlpA containing gelsolin domains was identified using bioinformatics. A glpA deletion mutant exhibited increased distances between septa, abnormal septum morphology and defective regulation of septal pore closure. In glpA deletion mutant hyphae, overaccumulation of actin filament (F-actin) was observed, and the CAR was abnormal with improper assembly and failure in constriction. In wild-type cells, GlpA was found at the septum formation site similarly to the CAR. The N-terminal 329 residues of GlpA are required for its localization to the septum formation site and essential for proper septum formation, while its C-terminal gelsolin domains are required for the regular CAR dynamics during septum formation. Finally, in this study we elucidated a novel Pezizomycotina-specific actin modulating component, which participates in septum formation by regulating the CAR dynamics.     

新疆石人沟山区岩面生地衣群落分布格局的环境解释

地衣作为真菌和绿藻/蓝绿藻的成功共生体,广泛分布在陆地生态中的各种栖息地。岩面生地衣作为陆地生态系统的主要组成部分,在干旱和半干旱地区陆地食物链中具有重要地位,同时对岩石的生物腐蚀和土壤的形成有重要作用。岩面生地衣的多样性和分布格局强烈地受到海拔、湿度、温度、降水量、太阳辐射强度和基物的特征(岩石类型、岩石大小、岩石的化学成分和营养成分)等多种因素的影响。为了研究乌鲁木齐县石人沟山区岩面生地衣群落与基物间的关系,该研究在乌鲁木齐县石人沟山区设立16个样地,计测样地中岩面生地衣的盖度,包括坡度、坡向、光照强度等7个环境因子,采用典范对应分析法(CCA)对各群落的物种分布格局与环境因子的关系进行了探讨。结果表明:石人沟山区的岩面生地衣共有27种,隶属于7目9科15属。其中,黄枝衣目、茶渍目和鸡皮衣目的种类较多,占该地区岩面生地衣总数的74.07%。CCA排序结果显示坡度、坡向、光照强度、湿度、岩石pH值是5个影响岩面生地衣种类分布格局的主要环境因子,并显示了岩面生地衣与样地间的对应性。