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991.
Abdul Rehman Muhammad Farooq Levent Ozturk Muhammad Asif Kadambot H. M. Siddique 《Plant and Soil》2018,422(1-2):283-315
Background
Zinc (Zn) deficiency is one of the most important micronutrient disorders affecting human health. Wheat is the staple food for 35% of the world’s population and is inherently low in Zn, which increases the incidence of Zn deficiency in humans. Major wheat-based cropping systems viz. rice–wheat, cotton–wheat and maize–wheat are prone to Zn deficiency due to the high Zn demand of these crops.Methods
This review highlights the role of Zn in plant biology and its effect on wheat-based cropping systems. Agronomic, breeding and molecular approaches to improve Zn nutrition and biofortification of wheat grain are discussed.Results
Zinc is most often applied to crops through soil and foliar methods. The application of Zn through seed treatments has improved grain yield and grain Zn status in wheat. In cropping systems where legumes are cultivated in rotation with wheat, microorganisms can improve the available Zn pool in soil for the wheat crop. Breeding and molecular approaches have been used to develop wheat genotypes with high grain Zn density.Conclusions
Options for improving grain yield and grain Zn concentration in wheat include screening wheat genotypes for higher root Zn uptake and grain translocation efficiency, the inclusion of these Zn-efficient genotypes in breeding programs, and Zn fertilization through soil, foliar and seed treatments.992.
Shaik Althaf Hussain Mohammed Abdul Kareem Shaik Nayab Rasool Suliman Yousef Al Omar Alwasel Saleh Manal Abdulrahman Al-Fwuaires Jayasimha Rayalu Daddam Kodidhela Lakshmi Devi 《Biological trace element research》2018,181(1):112-121
The trace elements and minerals in Terminalia pallida fruit ethanolic extract (TpFE) were determined by the instrument inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the cardioprotection of TpFE against isoproterenol (ISO)-administered rats was studied. Rats were pretreated with TpFE (100, 300, and 500 mg/kg bw) for 30 days, with concurrent administration of ISO (85 mg/kg bw) for two consecutive days. The levels of trace elements and minerals in TpFE were below the permitted limits of World Health Organization standards. ISO administration significantly increased the heart weight and cardiac marker enzymes in serum, xanthine oxidase, sodium, and calcium in the heart, whereas significantly decreased body weight, reduced glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, and potassium in the heart. Oral pretreatment of TpFE significantly prevented the ISO-induced alterations. This is the first report that revealed the determination of trace elements and mineral nutrients of TpFE by ICP-MS which plays a principal role in the herbal drug discovery for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. 相似文献
993.
Three new species of the parasitic nematode genus Cloacina von Linstow, 1898 (Strongyloidea: Cloacininae) are described from the stomachs of wallaroos, Osphranter spp. (Marsupialia: Macropodidae), from northern Australia. Cloacina spearei n. sp. is described from O. robustus woodwardi (Thomas) and O. antilopinus (Gould) and is distinguished from congeners by the shape of the cephalic papillae, the shallow buccal capsule, the presence of an oesophageal denticle and the convoluted but non-recurrent vagina in the female. Cloacina longibursata n. sp. also from O. robustus woodwardi and O. antilopinus is distinguished from congeners by the elongate dorsal lobe of the bursa, with the origin of the lateral branchlets posterior to the principal bifurcation, in the features of the spicule tip, the lack of bosses lining the oesophagus and the absence of an oesophageal denticle. Cloacina crassicaudata n. sp., from the same two host species was formerly identified as C. cornuta (Davey & Wood, 1938). Differences in the cephalic cuticle (inflation lacking in the new species), the shape of the cephalic papillae, the dorsal oesophageal tooth and the spicule tips, as well as differences in the sequences of the internal transcribed spacers of the nuclear ribosomal DNA, indicate that this is an independent species. The geographical distribution of this species is disjunct with populations in both the Northern Territory and Queensland. Possible reasons for the disjunct distribution are discussed. 相似文献
994.
Jhi Biau Foo May Lee Low Ji Hui Lim Yan Zhi Lor Rusyidah Zainol Abidin Vilasini Eh Dam Napsiah Abdul Rahman Chaw Yee Beh Lee Chin Chan Chee Wun How Yin Sim Tor Latifah Saiful Yazan 《Biometals》2018,31(4):505-515
Copper complexes have been widely studied for the anti-tumour application as cancer cells are reported to take up greater amounts of copper than normal cells. Preliminary study revealed that the newly synthesised copper complex [Cu(SBCM)2] displayed marked anti-proliferative towards triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Therefore, Cu(SBCM)2 has great potential to be developed as an agent for the management of breast cancer. The present study was carried out to investigate the mode of cell death induced by Cu(SBCM)2 towards MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The inhibitory and morphological changes of MDA-MB-231 cells treated with Cu(SBCM)2 was determined by using MTT assay and inverted light microscope, respectively. The safety profile of Cu(SBCM)2 was also evaluated towards human dermal fibroblast (HDF) normal cells. Confirmation of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were determined by flow cytometry analysis. The expression of p53, Bax, Bcl-2 and MMP2 protein were detected with western blot analysis. Cu(SBCM)2 significantly inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner with GI50 18.7?±?3.06 µM. Indeed, Cu(SBCM)2 was less toxic towards HDF normal cells with GI50 31.8?±?4.0 µM. Morphological study revealed that Cu(SBCM)2-treated MDA-MB-231 cells experienced cellular shrinkage, membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation and formation of apoptotic bodies, suggesting that Cu(SBCM)2 induced apoptosis in the cells, which was confirmed by Annexin-V/PI flow cytometry analysis. It was also found that Cu(SBCM)2 induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest towards MDA-MB-231 cells. The induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the present study is possibly due to the down-regulation of the mutant p53 and MMP2 protein. In conclusion, Cu(SBCM)2 can be developed as a targeted therapy for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. 相似文献
995.
Diede L. Maas Stefan Prost Ke Bi Lydia L. Smith Ellie E. Armstrong Ludi P. Aji Abdul Hamid A. Toha Rosemary G. Gillespie Leontine E. Becking 《Molecular ecology》2018,27(7):1556-1571
Striking genetic structure among marine populations at small spatial scales is becoming evident with extensive molecular studies. Such observations suggest isolation at small scales may play an important role in forming patterns of genetic diversity within species. Isolation‐by‐distance, isolation‐by‐environment and historical priority effects are umbrella terms for a suite of processes that underlie genetic structure, but their relative importance at different spatial and temporal scales remains elusive. Here, we use marine lakes in Indonesia to assess genetic structure and assess the relative roles of the processes in shaping genetic differentiation in populations of a bivalve mussel (Brachidontes sp.). Marine lakes are landlocked waterbodies of similar age (6,000–10,000 years), but with heterogeneous environments and varying degrees of connection to the sea. Using a population genomic approach (double‐digest restriction‐site‐associated DNA sequencing), we show strong genetic structuring across populations (range FST: 0.07–0.24) and find limited gene flow through admixture plots. At large spatial scales (>1,400 km), a clear isolation‐by‐distance pattern was detected. At smaller spatial scales (<200 km), this pattern is maintained, but accompanied by an association of genetic divergence with degree of connection. We hypothesize that (incomplete) dispersal barriers can cause initial isolation, allowing priority effects to give the numerical advantage necessary to initiate strong genetic structure. Priority effects may be strengthened by local adaptation, which the data may corroborate by showing a high correlation between mussel genotypes and temperature. Our study indicates an often‐neglected role of (evolution‐mediated) priority effects in shaping population divergence. 相似文献
996.
Quantification of AKBA in Boswellia sacra Using NIRS Coupled with PLSR as an Alternative Method and Cross‐Validation by HPLC 下载免费PDF全文
997.
TRIM16 controls assembly and degradation of protein aggregates by modulating the p62‐NRF2 axis and autophagy 下载免费PDF全文
Kautilya Kumar Jena Parej Nath Biswajit Das Pradyumna Kumar Sahoo Abdul Ahad Gulam Hussain Syed Sunil K Raghav Shantibhusan Senapati Swati Chauhan Santosh Chauhan 《The EMBO journal》2018,37(18)
Sequestration of protein aggregates in inclusion bodies and their subsequent degradation prevents proteostasis imbalance, cytotoxicity, and proteinopathies. The underlying molecular mechanisms controlling the turnover of protein aggregates are mostly uncharacterized. Herein, we show that a TRIM family protein, TRIM16, governs the process of stress‐induced biogenesis and degradation of protein aggregates. TRIM16 facilitates protein aggregate formation by positively regulating the p62‐NRF2 axis. We show that TRIM16 is an integral part of the p62‐KEAP1‐NRF2 complex and utilizes multiple mechanisms for stabilizing NRF2. Under oxidative and proteotoxic stress conditions, TRIM16 activates ubiquitin pathway genes and p62 via NRF2, leading to ubiquitination of misfolded proteins and formation of protein aggregates. We further show that TRIM16 acts as a scaffold protein and, by interacting with p62, ULK1, ATG16L1, and LC3B, facilitates autophagic degradation of protein aggregates. Thus, TRIM16 streamlines the process of stress‐induced aggregate clearance and protects cells against oxidative/proteotoxic stress‐induced toxicity in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, this work identifies a new mechanism of protein aggregate turnover, which could be relevant in protein aggregation‐associated diseases such as neurodegeneration. 相似文献
998.
Genetics and genomics of susceptibility and immune response to necrotic enteritis in chicken: a review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Global poultry production is facing many challenges and is currently under pressure due to the presence of several diseases like Necrotic Enteritis (NE). It is estimated that NE-caused global economic losses has increased from 2 billion to 6 billion US$ in 2015 because it is not easy to diagnose and control disease at the earlier stage of occurrence. Additionally, ban on the in-feed antibiotics and some other genetic and non-genetic predisposing factors affect the occurrence of the disease. Though the incidence of the disease can be reduced by minimizing the predisposing factors and through immunization of birds but there is no single remedy to control the disease. Therefore, we suggest that there is need to find out the genetic variants that could help to select the birds resistant to NE. The current review details the pertinent features about the genetic and genomics of susceptibility and immune response of birds to Necrotic Enteritis. We report here the list of candidate gene reported for their involvement with the susceptibility and/or resistance to the disease. However, most of these genes are involved in immune-related functions. For better understanding of the role of Clostridium perfringens and its toxins in the pathogenesis of disease there is need to unveil the association between any specific genetic variation and clinical status of NE. However, the presence of substantial genetic variations among different breeds/strains of chicken shows that it is possible to develop broiler strain with genetic resistant against NE. It would help in the cost-effective and sustainable production of safe broiler meat. 相似文献
999.
Nur Asniyati Abdul Halim Boon Chin Tan Mohd Razik Midin Maria Madon Norzulaani Khalid Jamilah Syafawati Yaacob 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2018,133(1):123-135
Somaclonal and phenotypic variation caused by genetic and/or epigenetic modifications, are a valuable source of genetic variation to improve desirable polygenetic traits in crops. In this study, we induced somaclonal variation in vitro pineapple (Ananas comosus var. MD2) through hormonal induction, NaCl, and abscisic acid (ABA) supplementation. Our results showed that supplementation of high concentration of 6-benzylaminopurine (4.0 mg/L BAP) alone or combined with indole-butyric acid (IBA) produced the highest percentage of dwarf variants (100%). Murashige and Skoog (MS) media containing 4.0 mg/L BAP plus 2.0 mg/L IBA produced the shortest plantlets (1.9?±?0.1 cm). In comparison, MS media containing 1.0% NaCl induced formation of dwarf plantlets with a mean plantlet height of 1.4?±?0.3 cm, whereas 1.0 mg/L ABA generated plantlets with a mean plantlet height of 1.7?±?0.1 cm. We then analyzed the histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzyme activity for dwarf and non-dwarf plantlets. In general, dwarf plantlets exhibited higher HDAC activity than non-dwarf plantlets. The highest HDAC activity (109, 333.33?±?4.40 ng/min/mg) was recorded for dwarf plantlets grown on media supplemented with 1.0 mg/L ABA. The dwarf variants also underwent phenotypic recovery to normal phenotype within 8 months after transferred to MS basal media. No ploidy alteration was detected in these dwarf plantlets after analyzed by flow cytometry. Taken together, although the generated dwarf plantlets showed higher HDAC activity compared to non-dwarf plantlets, their capability of reverting to non-dwarf phenotype suggested that it might be due to epigenetic modulation. 相似文献
1000.
Pseudodeficiency of arylsulfatase A: a common genetic polymorphism with possible disease implications 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
Charlotte Hohenschutz Peter Eich Waltraut Friedl Abdul Waheed Ernst Conzelmann Peter Propping 《Human genetics》1989,82(1):45-48
Summary The distribution and frequency of aphidicolin-induced common fragile sites were studied in chromosomes of cultured skin fibroblasts and PHA-stimulated lymphocytes from five normal individuals; 0.2 M aphidicolin was added for the last 26 h of culture. Skin fibroblasts from five fra(X)-positive patients were also studied in the same manner. Fragile sites most frequently found in fibroblasts from normal individuals were 3q26.2, 7q11.23, 16q23, 1p31, 10q11.2, 12q23 and 7q31, whereas those in lymphocytes from the same individuals were 3p14, 16q23, Xp22, 7q32 and 14q24. The distribution of fragile sites in fibroblasts from fra(X)-positive patients was essentially identical with that in normal individuals. The average number of gaps and breaks in 100 metaphases was 36.8 in fibroblasts from normal individuals, 113.8 in those from fra(X)-positive patients, and 279 in lymphocytes from normal individuals. Their rates of chromosome-type breaks and gaps were 7.9%, 29.7% and 54.5%, respectively. Thus, the distribution and frequency of aphidicolin-induced fragile sites were different between skin fibroblasts and lymphocytes, possibly reflecting differences in their DNA replication sequence or gene activity. 相似文献