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371.
Genetic variation in RPS6KA1, RPS6KA2, RPS6KB1, RPS6KB2, and PDK1 and risk of colon or rectal cancer
RPS6KA1, RPS6KA2, RPS6KB1, RPS6KB2, and PDK1 are involved in several pathways central to the carcinogenic process, including regulation of cell growth, insulin, and inflammation. We evaluated genetic variation in their candidate genes to obtain a better understanding of their association with colon and rectal cancer. We used data from two population-based case-control studies of colon (n=1574 cases, 1940 controls) and rectal (n=791 cases, 999 controls) cancer. We observed genetic variation in RPS6KA1, RPS6KA2, and PRS6KB2 were associated with risk of developing colon cancer while only genetic variation in RPS6KA2 was associated with altering risk of rectal cancer. These genes also interacted significantly with other genes operating in similar mechanisms, including Akt1, FRAP1, NFκB1, and PIK3CA. Assessment of tumor markers indicated that these genes and this pathway may importantly contributed to CIMP+ tumors and tumors with KRAS2 mutations. Our findings implicate these candidate genes in the etiology of colon and rectal cancer and provide information on how these genes operate with other genes in the pathway. Our data further suggest that this pathway may lead to CIMP+ and KRAS2-mutated tumors. 相似文献
372.
Barbara Schimmer Saskia Luttikholt Jeannine LA Hautvast Elisabeth AM Graat Piet Vellema Yvonne THP van Duynhoven 《BMC veterinary research》2011,7(1):1-14
Background
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have had devastating effects on poultry industries worldwide, and there is concern about the potential for HPAI outbreaks in the poultry industry in Great Britain (GB). Critical to the potential for HPAI to spread between poultry premises are the connections made between farms by movements related to human activity. Movement records of catching teams and slaughterhouse vehicles were obtained from a large catching company, and these data were used in a simulation model of HPAI spread between farms serviced by the catching company, and surrounding (geographic) areas. The spread of HPAI through real-time movements was modelled, with the addition of spread via company personnel and local transmission.Results
The model predicted that although large outbreaks are rare, they may occur, with long distances between infected premises. Final outbreak size was most sensitive to the probability of spread via slaughterhouse-linked movements whereas the probability of onward spread beyond an index premises was most sensitive to the frequency of company personnel movements.Conclusions
Results obtained from this study show that, whilst there is the possibility that HPAI virus will jump from one cluster of farms to another, movements made by catching teams connected fewer poultry premises in an outbreak situation than slaughterhouses and company personnel. The potential connection of a large number of infected farms, however, highlights the importance of retaining up-to-date data on poultry premises so that control measures can be effectively prioritised in an outbreak situation. 相似文献373.
Cláudia SF Queiroga Ana S Almeida Paula M Alves Catherine Brenner Helena LA Vieira 《BMC cell biology》2011,12(1):10
Background
Low concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) protect hepatocytes against apoptosis and confers cytoprotection in several models of liver. Mitochondria are key organelles in cell death control via their membrane permeabilization and the release of pro-apoptotic factors. 相似文献374.
Ece?D. Gamsiz Emma?W. Viscidi Abbie?M. Frederick Shailender Nagpal Stephan?J. Sanders Michael?T. Murtha Michael Schmidt Simons Simplex Collection Genetics Consortium Elizabeth?W. Triche Daniel?H. Geschwind Matthew?W. State Sorin Istrail Edwin?H. Cook Jr. Bernie Devlin Eric?M. Morrow 《American journal of human genetics》2013,93(1):103-109
Intellectual disability (ID), often attributed to autosomal-recessive mutations, occurs in 40% of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). For this reason, we conducted a genome-wide analysis of runs of homozygosity (ROH) in simplex ASD-affected families consisting of a proband diagnosed with ASD and at least one unaffected sibling. In these families, probands with an IQ ≤ 70 show more ROH than their unaffected siblings, whereas probands with an IQ > 70 do not show this excess. Although ASD is far more common in males than in females, the proportion of females increases with decreasing IQ. Our data do support an association between ROH burden and autism diagnosis in girls; however, we are not able to show that this effect is independent of low IQ. We have also discovered several autism candidate genes on the basis of finding (1) a single gene that is within an ROH interval and that is recurrent in autism or (2) a gene that is within an autism ROH block and that harbors a homozygous, rare deleterious variant upon analysis of exome-sequencing data. In summary, our data suggest a distinct genetic architecture for participants with autism and co-occurring intellectual disability and that this architecture could involve a role for recessively inherited loci for this autism subgroup. 相似文献
375.
Abbie E. Fearon Edward P. Carter Natasha S. Clayton Edmund H. Wilkes Ann-Marie Baker Ekaterina Kapitonova Bakhouche A. Bakhouche Yasmine Tanner Jun Wang Emanuela Gadaleta Claude Chelala Kate M. Moore John F. Marshall Juliette Chupin Peter Schmid J. Louise Jones Michelle Lockley Pedro R. Cutillas Richard P. Grose 《Cell reports》2018,22(9):2469-2481
376.
Boyle CD Vice SF Campion J Chackalamannil S Lankin CM McCombie SW Billard W Binch H Crosby G Williams MC Coffin VL Cox KA Grotz DE Duffy RA Ruperto V Lachowicz JE 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2002,12(23):3479-3482
We previously reported the initial discovery of a novel class of stabilized benzylidene ketal M(2) receptor antagonists. This paper discusses new analogues consisting of benzamide modifications which not only improved M(2) receptor affinity and selectivity, but also enhanced the pharmacokinetic properties of the series. These changes led to the discovery of a highly potent and selective M(2) antagonist, which demonstrated in vivo efficacy and had good bioavailability in multiple species. 相似文献
377.
KWANG-HYUNG KIM YANGRAE CHO MAURICIO LA ROTA ROBERT A. CRAMER JR CHRISTOPHER B. LAWRENCE 《Molecular Plant Pathology》2007,8(1):23-39
Alternaria brassicicola is a necrotrophic pathogen causing black spot disease on virtually all cultivated Brassica crops worldwide. In many plant pathosystems fungal secondary metabolites derived from non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NPSs) are phytotoxic virulence factors or are antibiotics thought to be important for niche competition with other micro-organisms. However, many of the functions of NPS genes and their products are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the function of one of the A. brassicicola NPS genes, AbNPS2 . The predicted amino acid sequence of AbNPS2 showed high sequence similarity with A. brassicae , AbrePsy1, Cochliobolus heterostrophus , NPS4 and a Stagonospora nodorum NPS. The AbNPS2 open reading frame was predicted to be 22 kb in length and encodes a large protein (7195 amino acids) showing typical NPS modular organization. Gene expression analysis of AbNPS2 in wild-type fungus indicated that it is expressed almost exclusively in conidia and conidiophores, broadly in the reproductive developmental phase. AbNPS2 gene disruption mutants showed abnormal spore cell wall morphology and a decreased hydrophobicity phenotype. Conidia of abnps2 mutants displayed an aberrantly inflated cell wall and an increase in lipid bodies compared with wild-type. Further phenotypic analyses of abnps2 mutants showed decreased spore germination rates both in vitro and in vivo , and a marked reduction in sporulation in vivo compared with wild-type fungus. Moreover, virulence tests on Brassicas with abnps2 mutants revealed a significant reduction in lesion size compared with wild-type but only when aged spores were used in experiments. Collectively, these results indicate that AbNPS2 plays an important role in development and virulence. 相似文献
378.
香蕉束顶病毒基因Ⅰ的克隆及序列分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以中国漳州地区感染BBTV的香蕉组织总DNA为模板,根据我国台湾地区BBTV分离物基因组Ⅰ序列,设计并合成了一对引物,通过PCR扩增出约500bp的片段。利用pBluescriptⅡSK T-载体获得此片段的克隆,经测序表明为BBTV组分Ⅰ的部分序列。由已测知的BBTV基因组Ⅰ序列设计一对相邻引物,以我国漳州的感染BBTV香蕉组织总DNA为模板,通过PCR坟增出约1.1kb的片段。利用pBlues 相似文献
379.
380.
JOSÉ M. PADIAL JÖRN KÖHLER ARTURO MUÑOZ IGNACIO DE LA RIVA 《Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society》2008,152(2):353-365
The taxonomic status of a very poorly known group of Andean frogs (the Eleutherodactylus discoidalis group) is assessed through acoustic and statistical analyses of differences in temporal parameters of advertisement calls, such as the number of pulses and the call duration, and also in a spectral parameter, dominant frequency. As these species are usually misidentified or ignored because of their taxonomic complexity in both ecological and biodiversity studies, we provide a bioacoustical diagnosis for each species in order to facilitate identification in the field. Differences in acoustic parameters support the specific status of Eleutherodactylus cruralis , E. discoidalis , Eleutherodactylus ibischi , and Eleutherodactylus madidi . The name E. cruralis is probably applied to three different species: the nominal form from Amazonian forests of the Andean slopes and adjacent lowlands, and two cryptic species restricted to inter-Andean dry valleys and cloud forests from central Bolivia. Moreover, the distribution of energy through the call and the aggregation of pulses seem to be useful meristic characters for detecting interspecific differences. Populations from each macrohabitat can be recognized by distinctive advertisement calls, usually corresponding to a recognized species. For the whole group, pulse rate is significantly correlated to latitude, which could indicate a speciation process along the Andes in relation to habitat changes and isolation. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2008, 152 , 353–365. 相似文献