二阶运动条件下闪现滞后现象的研究

闪现滞后现象(flash—lag effect)是指运动物体旁闪现的物体在知觉中物体落后于运动物体的现象。对这个现象,有一种解释认为视网膜上对运动刺激的外推机制对闪现滞后现象有相当的贡献．用视网膜外推机制不再有效的二阶运动刺激取代前人实验中的一阶运动刺激来研究闪现滞后现象,发现在视网膜推断机制失效的情况下,闪现滞后现象并没有减小,而是和一阶运动刺激条件下的量相当。结果表明,视网膜上的加工机制并不是闪现滞后现象的主要原因,并提示闪现滞后现象的机制可能位于一、二阶运动加工通道的汇合阶段以上。     

Discovery of novel 4-amino-6-arylaminopyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde oximes as dual inhibitors of EGFR and ErbB-2 protein tyrosine kinases

We herein disclose a novel series of 4-aminopyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde oximes that are potent and selective inhibitors of both EGFR and ErbB-2 tyrosine kinases, with IC(50) values in the nanomolar range. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies elucidated a critical role for the 4-amino and C-6 arylamino moieties. The X-ray co-crystal structure of EGFR with 37 was determined and validated our design rationale.     

5-脂氧合酶（5-LOX）及代谢产物在异氟醚预处理脑保护作用中的研究进展

缺血性脑血管疾病（Ischemia Cerebral Vascular Disease,ICVD）可造成不同程度的神经功能障碍,以其高发病率、高致残率、高复发率、高死亡率严重威胁着人们的身体健康。而脑组织缺血后再灌注损伤即脑缺血再灌注损伤（ischemia-reperfusion injury）是脑缺血性疾病的最主要的损伤原因之一,因此阐明脑缺血再灌注损伤发生发展的病理生理机制、探寻有效的预防保护措施成为当今研究的重点问题。本文回顾、归纳脑缺血再灌注损伤的相关分子机制及异氟醚预处理对脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用,分析5-脂氧合酶及其代谢产物在脑缺血再灌注损伤中的作用及其与其他分子的相互关系,旨在探讨5-脂氧合酶及其代谢产物在异氟醚预处理保护脑缺血再灌注损伤中可能起到的作用。为脑缺血再灌注损伤的防治提供更多的理论依据。     

长学制医学微生物学实验教学体系构建

针对目前医学微生物学实验教学中的突出问题,从实验内容和实验教学手段等方面入手,探索建立一整套适用于七年制及长学制学生的实验课程教学体系,体现创新教育教学的理念.     

Flanking sequence tags in Arabidopsis thaliana T-DNA insertion lines: a pilot study

Eight hundred and fifty Arabidopsis thaliana T-DNA insertion lines have been selected on a phenotypic basis. The T-DNA flanking sequences (FST) have been isolated using a PCR amplification procedure and sequenced. Seven hundred plant DNA sequences have been obtained revealing a T-DNA insertion in, or in the immediate vicinity of 482 annotated genes. Limited deletions of plant DNA have been observed at the site of insertion of T-DNA as well as in its left (LB) and right (RB) T-DNA signal sequences. The distribution of the T-DNA insertions along the chromosomes shows that they are essentially absent from the centrometric and pericentrometric regions.     

西花蓟马诱导的番茄植株防御反应对B型烟粉虱行为的影响

【目的】明确外来入侵害虫西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)取食诱导的番茄植株防御反应对B型烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) B-biotype行为的影响, 探讨西花蓟马与B型烟粉虱的种间竞争机制。【方法】利用“Y”型嗅觉仪行为分析法、 选择性试验法, 研究了不同处理组合（健康植株CK vs烟粉虱为害植株B、 健康植株CK vs西花蓟马为害植株F、 烟粉虱为害植株B vs烟粉虱和西花蓟马共同为害植株B+F）下, 烟粉虱对不同处理植株的取食行为反应及寄主偏好的差异性, 并利用GC-MS分析了不同处理植株挥发性物质的差异性。【结果】“Y”型嗅觉仪行为分析结果表明, 在CK vs B和CK vs F两个组合中, 烟粉虱雌成虫对健康植株和昆虫为害植株的偏好性差异不显著; 而在B vs B+F组合中, 烟粉虱为害株对烟粉虱雌成虫具有极显著的引诱作用（P<0.01）。选择性试验结果表明, 在CK vs B和CK vs F这两个组合中, 烟粉虱成虫均偏好健康株并喜好在其上产卵（P<0.01）, 在B vs B+F组合中, 烟粉虱成虫偏好烟粉虱单独为害株并喜好在其上产卵（P<0.01）。GC-MS分析结果显示, 本实验收集到9种挥发性物质, 其中有5种烯萜类物质, 其相对含量高达90%以上。与烟粉虱单独为害株相比, 烟粉虱和西花蓟马共同为害株所释放的挥发性物质中, 对烟粉虱具有排斥作用的β-水芹烯显著升高, 而对其具有吸引作用的β-月桂烯却显著减少。【结论】综合分析认为, 西花蓟马诱导的番茄植株防御反应可以显著影响B型烟粉虱的寄主选择行为及产卵选择性。     

成人退行性腰椎侧弯合并滑脱的手术治疗

目的:探讨退行性腰椎侧弯合并滑脱的手术方法和临床疗效.方法:25例适应证患者行后路椎弓根螺钉内固定复位矫形后,采用椎管减压、神经根松解,行椎间植骨和后外侧植骨融合术,术后测量退变性脊柱侧弯的矫正效果,依照日本整形外科学会(JOA)下腰痛评分,观察腰腿疼痛改善情况.结果:全部病例获得随访,随访时间6月～3年,平均20个月,术后平均侧弯矫正率58.7%,疼痛改善优良率80%.结论:椎弓根固定系统结合椎间及后外侧植骨融合术是治疗退行性腰椎侧弯合并滑脱的有效方法.应重视术中神经根减压,矫正腰椎侧弯,恢复腰椎力学平衡,有助于提高远期疗效.     

Discovery and characterization of single nucleotide polymorphisms in Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

Molecular population genetics of non-model organisms has been dominated by the use of microsatellite loci over the last two decades. The availability of extensive genomic resources for many species is contributing to a transition to the use of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for the study of many natural populations. Here we describe the discovery of a large number of SNPs in Chinook salmon, one of the world's most important fishery species, through large-scale Sanger sequencing of expressed sequence tag (EST) regions. More than 3 Mb of sequence was collected in a survey of variation in almost 132 kb of unique genic regions, from 225 separate ESTs, in a diverse ascertainment panel of 24 salmon. This survey yielded 117 TaqMan (5' nuclease) assays, almost all from separate ESTs, which were validated in population samples from five major stocks of salmon from the three largest basins on the Pacific coast of the contiguous United States: the Sacramento, Klamath and Columbia Rivers. The proportion of these loci that was variable in each of these stocks ranged from 86.3% to 90.6% and the mean minor allele frequency ranged from 0.194 to 0.236. There was substantial differentiation between populations with these markers, with a mean F(ST) estimate of 0.107, and values for individual loci ranging from 0 to 0.592. This substantial polymorphism and population-specific differentiation indicates that these markers will be broadly useful, including for both pedigree reconstruction and genetic stock identification applications.     

微粒和血细胞在脓毒症高凝状态中的作用

目的:探讨血小板和红细胞磷脂酰丝氨酸(PS)暴露和循环微粒(MPs)在脓毒症高凝状态中的作用。方法:集10例诊断为脓毒症的患者及10例健康体检者的新鲜血;离心分离出红细胞、富血小板血浆及MPs;应用Alexa-Fluro 488-乳粘素/CD 41a/CD14、Alexa-Fluro 647-CD 235a/CD 31/CD 45标定红细胞、血小板、内皮细胞、白细胞及单核细胞来源的MPs;流式细胞仪测定红细胞和血小板的PS外翻、MPs的数量;血凝仪测定相应凝血时间。结果:相对于健康人,脓毒症患者PS外翻红细胞(3.53%vs0.53%,P0.05)和血小板(3.00%vs 0.45%,P0.05)、MPs总数(4830/μL vs 2861/μL,P0.05)及各亚型MPs均明显升高;红细胞(238.4s vs 346.8s,P0.05)、血小板(209.1s vs 335.9s,P0.05)及MPs(207.1s vs 318.2s,P0.05)的凝血时间缩短。MP数、PS+红细胞/血小板比例分别与各自凝血时间成负相关(MP:r=-0.592,P=0.006;红细胞:r=-0.565,P=0.009;血小板:r=-0.641,P=0.002)。结论:红细胞、血小板的PS暴露及循环MPs和脓毒症高凝状态的发生相关,可能对患者凝血功能检测和抗凝治疗有一定的意义。     

Fe Resupply to Fe-deficient Sugar Beet Plants Leads to Rapid Changes in the Violaxanthin Cycle and other Photosynthetic Characteristics without Significant de novo Chlorophyll Synthesis

The effects of Fe resupply to Fe-deficient plants have been investigated in hydroponically-grown sugar beet. In the short-term (24 h) after Fe resupply, major changes were observed, although de novo chlorophyll (Chl) synthesis had not begun yet. Approximately 50% of the zeaxanthin was converted into violaxanthin, whereas the actual Photosystem II (PS II) efficiency increased by 69% and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and the amount of thermally dissipated energy decreased markedly (by 47% and 40%, respectively). At the same time, photosynthetic rate increased approximately by 50%. From one to two days after Fe resupply, there was a gradual increase in the leaf concentrations of Chl and other photosynthetic pigments, accompanied by a further conversion of zeaxanthin into violaxanthin, increases in actual PS II efficiency and photosynthetic rates and decreases in NPQ and the amount of thermally dissipated energy. At 72-96 h after Fe resupply, leaf pigment concentrations, photosynthetic rates and actual PS II efficiency had increased further, although both photosynthetic rate and leaf pigment concentrations were still lower than those found in Fe-sufficient leaves. Good correlations were observed between the amount of light thermally dissipated by the PS II antenna, NPQ and the antheraxanthin + zeaxanthin concentration after Fe resupply, confirming the photoprotective role of the xanthophyll cycle in Fe-deficient sugar beet leaves. Similar correlations were observed for lutein, suggesting a possible role of this pigment in photoprotection.