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排序方式: 共有173条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
171.
Hiroshi Kondo Colin D.H. Ratcliffe Steven Hooper James Ellis James I. MacRae Marc Hennequart Christopher W. Dunsby Kurt I. Anderson Erik Sahai 《Cell reports》2021,34(7):108750
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172.
S. Suresh Kumar Lalit Kumar Vikram Sahai Rani Gupta 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2009,36(3):427-432
An alkaline lipase from Trichosporon asahii MSR 54 was used to develop presoak formulation for removing oil stains at ambient temperature. The lipase was produced in
a reactor followed by concentration by ultrafiltration and then it was dried with starch. The biochemical characteristics
of enzyme showed that it was an alkaline lipase having pH activity in the range of pH 8.0–10.0 and temperature in the range
of 25–50°C. The present lipase was active >80% at 25°C. The lipase was cystein activated with fourfold enhancement in presence
of 5 mM cystein and likewise the activity was also stimulated in presence of papain hydrolysate which served as source of
cystein. The presoak formulation consisted of two components A and B, component A was enzyme additive and B was a mixture
of carbonate/bicarbonate source of alkali and papain hydrolysate as source of cystein. The results indicated that the presoaking
in enzyme formulation followed by detergent washing was a better strategy for stain removal than direct washing with detergent
in presence of lipase. Further, it was observed that 0.25% presoak component B in presence of 100 U enzyme component A (0.1 g)
was the best formulation in removing maximum stain from mustard oil/triolein soiled clothes as indicated by increase in reflectance
which was found equal to that of control cloth. The lipase action in presoaked formulation was clearly indicated by quantitated
fatty acid release and also the TLC results of wash water, where oil hydrolytic products were visible only in presence of
enzyme in the treatment. The wash performance carried at 25°C indicated that washing at 25°C was at par with that at 40°C
as indicated by similar reflectance of the washed cloth piece though qualitative fatty acid release was higher at 40°C. 相似文献
173.
Min-Hee Yi Yong U. Liu Anthony D. Umpierre Tingjun Chen Yanlu Ying Jiaying Zheng Aastha Dheer Dale B. Bosco Hailong Dong Long-Jun Wu 《PLoS biology》2021,19(3)
Spinal microglia are highly responsive to peripheral nerve injury and are known to be a key player in pain. However, there has not been direct evidence showing that selective microglial activation in vivo is sufficient to induce chronic pain. Here, we used optogenetic approaches in microglia to address this question employing CX3CR1creER/+: R26LSL-ReaChR/+ transgenic mice, in which red-activated channelrhodopsin (ReaChR) is inducibly and specifically expressed in microglia. We found that activation of ReaChR by red light in spinal microglia evoked reliable inward currents and membrane depolarization. In vivo optogenetic activation of microglial ReaChR in the spinal cord triggered chronic pain hypersensitivity in both male and female mice. In addition, activation of microglial ReaChR up-regulated neuronal c-Fos expression and enhanced C-fiber responses. Mechanistically, ReaChR activation led to a reactive microglial phenotype with increased interleukin (IL)-1β production, which is likely mediated by inflammasome activation and calcium elevation. IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) was able to reverse the pain hypersensitivity and neuronal hyperactivity induced by microglial ReaChR activation. Therefore, our work demonstrates that optogenetic activation of spinal microglia is sufficient to trigger chronic pain phenotypes by increasing neuronal activity via IL-1 signaling.This study uses red light activation of channelrhodopsin in spinal microglia to trigger chronic pain hypersensitivity in awake mice, revealing that optogenetic activation of microglia increases IL-1β production via inflammasome activation and calcium elevation, leading to neuronal hyperactivity and chronic pain. 相似文献