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171.
REINDERS J. E. A.; AS H. VAN; SCHAAFSMA T. J.; SHERIFF D. W. 《Journal of experimental botany》1988,39(9):1211-1220
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to investigate theeffects of changes in root temperature, of changes in the areaof root in contact with culture solution and of day/night rhythmon the water balance of a cucumber and a gherkin plant. Resultsare discussed in terms of water potential, flow rate and resistanceusing a previously presented model of water balance. As longas water uptake alone is varied, flow rate and water content(or potential) will change in the same direction. In contrast,from that model it is predicted that changes in transpirationwill affect flow rate and water content in opposite ways. Anexperimental verification of this prediction was given in theprevious paper. Results obtained by the NMR method are comparedto those determined using a dendrometer. The results demonstratethat the NMR method is a valuable tool to study plant waterbalance and that it can serve as a technique for discriminatingbetween changes in plant water balance that are due to changesin water uptake by roots and those due to changes in transpiration. Key words: Water balance model, Cucumis satious L., flow, water content, NMR, water balance measurement 相似文献
172.
A new method for the enrichment of cultures of Serratia marcescens for auxotrophic mutants has been developed. The method is based on the formation of filaments by growing cells in minimal medium M70 containing azthreonam. Auxotrophic mutants unable to grow in M70 do not form filaments. Mutants are collected from the culture by filtration. 相似文献
173.
Evolutionary history of the COII/tRNALys intergenic 9 base pair deletion in human mitochondrial DNAs from the Pacific 总被引:14,自引:2,他引:12
Redd AJ; Takezaki N; Sherry ST; McGarvey ST; Sofro AS; Stoneking M 《Molecular biology and evolution》1995,12(4):604-615
Length changes in human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are potentially useful
markers for inferring the evolutionary history of populations. One such
length change is a nine base pair (9-bp) deletion that is located in the
intergenic region between the COII gene and the Lysine tRNA gene
(COII/tRNALys intergenic region). This deletion has been used as a genetic
marker to trace descent from peoples of East Asian origin. A geographic
cline of the deletion frequency across modern Pacific Islander populations
suggests that the deletion may be useful for tracing prehistoric Polynesian
origins and affinities. Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation within two
variable segments of the control region (CR) permits a number of inferences
regarding the evolutionary history of the 9-bp deletion that cannot be
determined from frequency data alone. We obtained CR sequences from 74
mtDNAs with the 9-bp deletion from Indonesia, coastal Papua New Guinea
(PNG), and American Samoa. Phylogenetic and pairwise distribution analysis
of these CR sequences pooled with previously published CR sequences reveals
that the deletion arose independently in Africa and Asia and suggests
possible multiple origins of the deletion in Asia. A clinal increase of the
frequency of the 9-bp deletion across the three Pacific populations is
associated with a decrease in CR sequence diversity, consistent with
founder events. Furthermore, analysis of pairwise difference distributions
indicates an expansion time of proto-Polynesians that began 5,500 yr ago
from Southeast Asia. These results are consistent with the express train
model of Polynesian origins.
相似文献
174.
175.
A. terreus isolates isolated from some bakery products, corn and rice were found to be able to produce territrems. 90% of theA. terreus isolated from bakery products were able to produce territrem A, with a mean of 0.09 ppm, while 80% ofA. terreus isolates produce territrem B with a mean of 0.24 ppm. On the other hand 31.8% of the isolates ofA. terreus from corn were able to produce territrem A with a mean of 0.44 ppm. ConcerningA. terreus isolates from rice, 66.7% were found to produce territrem A, with a mean of 5.28 ppm, and 77.8% of the isolates produced
territrem B with a mean of 1.79 ppm. 相似文献
176.
177.
MATÍAS MORA ADRIANA ITATÍ OLIVARES ALDO I. VASSALLO 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2003,78(1):85-96
Morphological analysis of the skull of the subterranean rodent Ctenomys , a highly speciose genus which uses both claws and teeth when digging, shows that for a broad range of species size, scaling was associated with both variation and maintenance of shape. Our results show that the angle of incisor procumbency (AIP), a character largely viewed as an adaptation to digging with teeth, is highly variable. We found a non-significant relationship between AIP and basicranial axis (basioccipital + basisphenoid) length, a measure of overall skull size. Accordingly, both small and large Ctenomys species possess either high or low AIP. A significant relationship between AIP and diastema length, given the rostral allometry seen in Ctenomys , suggests that hypermorphosis to a certain extent influences AIP. However, the roots of the incisor are lateral to those of the cheek teeth and their position may thus shift freely. This observation supports the notion that skull structural design, and to a certain extent rostral allometry, underlies variation in AIP. On the other hand, the positive allometry of incisor width and thickness indicates that, in larger species, proportionately powerful incisors are able to resist greater bending forces. We found that the out-lever arm of the jaw adductor muscles scales with positive allometry against basicranial axis length. However, we found an isometric relationship between in- and out-lever arms. In this case, conservation of skull proportions, regardless of variation in size, is a feature possibly related to the maintenance of an effective tooth digging capability. Functional and ecological data are discussed when assessing the implications of size and shape variation in the skull of Ctenomys . © 2003 The Linnean Society of London. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2003, 78 , 85−96. 相似文献
178.
Andy?Pang Andrew?D?Smith Paulo?AS?Nuin Elisabeth?RM?TillierEmail author 《BMC bioinformatics》2005,6(1):236
Background
General protein evolution models help determine the baseline expectations for the evolution of sequences, and they have been extensively useful in sequence analysis and for the computer simulation of artificial sequence data sets. 相似文献179.
Trm11p and Trm112p are both required for the formation of 2-methylguanosine at position 10 in yeast tRNA 下载免费PDF全文
Purushothaman SK Bujnicki JM Grosjean H Lapeyre B 《Molecular and cellular biology》2005,25(11):4359-4370
N(2)-Monomethylguanosine-10 (m(2)G10) and N(2),N(2)-dimethylguanosine-26 (m(2)(2)G26) are the only two guanosine modifications that have been detected in tRNA from nearly all archaea and eukaryotes but not in bacteria. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, formation of m(2)(2)G26 is catalyzed by Trm1p, and we report here the identification of the enzymatic activity that catalyzes the formation of m(2)G10 in yeast tRNA. It is composed of at least two subunits that are associated in vivo: Trm11p (Yol124c), which is the catalytic subunit, and Trm112p (Ynr046w), a putative zinc-binding protein. While deletion of TRM11 has no detectable phenotype under laboratory conditions, deletion of TRM112 leads to a severe growth defect, suggesting that it has additional functions in the cell. Indeed, Trm112p is associated with at least four proteins: two tRNA methyltransferases (Trm9p and Trm11p), one putative protein methyltransferase (Mtc6p/Ydr140w), and one protein with a Rossmann fold dehydrogenase domain (Lys9p/Ynr050c). In addition, TRM11 interacts genetically with TRM1, thus suggesting that the absence of m(2)G10 and m(2)(2)G26 affects tRNA metabolism or functioning. 相似文献
180.
We extend a neural network model, developed to examine neural correlates for the dynamic synthesis of edges from luminance gradients (O?men, 1993), to account for the effects of exposure duration, base blur and contrast on the perceived sharpness of edges. This model of REtino-COrtical Dynamics (RECOD) predicts that (i) a decrease in exposure duration causes an increase in the perceived blur and the blur discrimination threshold for edges, (ii) this increase in perceived blur is more pronounced for sharper edges than for blurred edges, (iii) perceived blur is independent of contrast while the blur discrimination threshold decreases with contrast, (iv) perceived blur increases with increasing base blur while the blur discrimination threshold has a nonmonotonic U-shaped dependence on base blur, (v) the perceived location of an edge shifts progressively towards the low-luminance side of the edge with increasing contrast, and (vi) perceived contrast of suprathreshold stimuli is essentially independent of spatial frequency over a wide range of contrast values. These predictions are shown to be in quantitative agreement with existing psychophysical data from the literature and with data collected on three observers to quantify the effect of exposure duration on perceived blur. 相似文献