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71.
Genetic heterogeneity in Italian families with IgA nephropathy: suggestive linkage for two novel IgA nephropathy loci 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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Bisceglia L Cerullo G Forabosco P Torres DD Scolari F Di Perna M Foramitti M Amoroso A Bertok S Floege J Mertens PR Zerres K Alexopoulos E Kirmizis D Ermelinda M Zelante L Schena FP;European IgAN Consortium 《American journal of human genetics》2006,79(6):1130-1134
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common glomerulonephritis worldwide, but its etiologic mechanisms are still poorly understood. Different prevalences among ethnic groups and familial aggregation, together with an increased familial risk, suggest important genetic influences on its pathogenesis. A locus for familial IgAN, called "IGAN1," on chromosome 6q22-23 has been described, without the identification of any responsible gene. The partners of the European IgAN Consortium organized a second genomewide scan in 22 new informative Italian multiplex families. A total of 186 subjects (59 affected and 127 unaffected) were genotyped and were included in a two-stage genomewide linkage analysis. The regions 4q26-31 and 17q12-22 exhibited the strongest evidence of linkage by nonparametric analysis (best P=.0025 and .0045, respectively). These localizations were also supported by multipoint parametric analysis, in which peak LOD scores of 1.83 ( alpha =0.50) and 2.56 ( alpha =0.65) were obtained using the affected-only dominant model, and by allowance for the presence of genetic heterogeneity. Our results provide further evidence for genetic heterogeneity among families with IgAN. Evidence of linkage to multiple chromosomal regions is consistent with both an oligo/polygenic and a multiple-susceptibility-gene model for familial IgAN, with small or moderate effects in determining the pathological phenotype. Although we identified new candidate regions, replication studies are required to confirm the genetic contribution to familial IgAN. 相似文献
72.
Pariset L Cappuccio I Joost S D'Andrea M Marletta D Ajmone Marsan P Valentini A;ECONOGENE Consortium 《Animal genetics》2006,37(3):290-292
The discovery of SNPs was performed using animals from eight European sheep breeds. Eleven SNPs were further characterized using about 1,700 sheep belonging to 57 breeds. A method for the identification of loci that were likely subject to selection was applied; three of the 11 SNPs lying outside the 95% confidence region of the conditional joint distribution of F(ST) and mean heterozygosity were identified as outliers. 相似文献
73.
Iqbal M Mast Y Amin R Hodgson DA;STREAM Consortium Wohlleben W Burroughs NJ 《Nucleic acids research》2012,40(12):5227-5239
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Hood RL Lines MA Nikkel SM Schwartzentruber J Beaulieu C Nowaczyk MJ Allanson J Kim CA Wieczorek D Moilanen JS Lacombe D Gillessen-Kaesbach G Whiteford ML Quaio CR Gomy I Bertola DR Albrecht B Platzer K McGillivray G Zou R McLeod DR Chudley AE Chodirker BN Marcadier J;FORGE Canada Consortium Majewski J Bulman DE White SM Boycott KM 《American journal of human genetics》2012,90(2):308-313
Floating-Harbor syndrome (FHS) is a rare condition characterized by short stature, delayed osseous maturation, expressive-language deficits, and a distinctive facial appearance. Occurrence is generally sporadic, although parent-to-child transmission has been reported on occasion. Employing whole-exome sequencing, we identified heterozygous truncating mutations in SRCAP in five unrelated individuals with sporadic FHS. Sanger sequencing identified mutations in SRCAP in eight more affected persons. Mutations were de novo in all six instances in which parental DNA was available. SRCAP is an SNF2-related chromatin-remodeling factor that serves as a coactivator for CREB-binding protein (CREBBP, better known as CBP, the major cause of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome [RTS]). Five SRCAP mutations, two of which are recurrent, were identified; all are tightly clustered within a small (111 codon) region of the final exon. These mutations are predicted to abolish three C-terminal AT-hook DNA-binding motifs while leaving the CBP-binding and ATPase domains intact. Our findings show that SRCAP mutations are the major cause of FHS and offer an explanation for the clinical overlap between FHS and RTS. 相似文献
75.
Chiang CW Liu CT Lettre G Lange LA Jorgensen NW Keating BJ Vedantam S Nock NL Franceschini N Reiner AP Demerath EW Boerwinkle E Rotter JI Wilson JG North KE Papanicolaou GJ Cupples LA;Genetic Investigation of ANthropometric Traits 《Genetics》2012,192(1):253-266
Ultraconserved elements in the human genome likely harbor important biological functions as they are dosage sensitive and are able to direct tissue-specific expression. Because they are under purifying selection, variants in these elements may have a lower frequency in the population but a higher likelihood of association with complex traits. We tested a set of highly constrained SNPs (hcSNPs) distributed genome-wide among ultraconserved and nearly ultraconserved elements for association with seven traits related to reproductive (age at natural menopause, number of children, age at first child, and age at last child) and overall [longevity, body mass index (BMI), and height] fitness. Using up to 24,047 European-American samples from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Candidate Gene Association Resource (CARe), we observed an excess of associations with BMI and height. In an independent replication panel the most strongly associated SNPs showed an 8.4-fold enrichment of associations at the nominal level, including three variants in previously identified loci and one in a locus (DENND1A) previously shown to be associated with polycystic ovary syndrome. Finally, using 1430 family trios, we showed that the transmissions from heterozygous parents to offspring of the derived alleles of rare (frequency ≤0.5%) hcSNPs are not biased, particularly after adjusting for the rates of genotype missingness and error in the data. The lack of transmission bias ruled out an immediately and strongly deleterious effect due to the rare derived alleles, consistent with the observation that mice homozygous for the deletion of ultraconserved elements showed no overt phenotype. Our study also illustrated the importance of carefully modeling potential technical confounders when analyzing genotype data of rare variants. 相似文献
76.
Stelzner M Helmrath M Dunn JC Henning SJ Houchen CW Kuo C Lynch J Li L Magness ST Martin MG Wong MH Yu J;NIH Intestinal Stem Cell Consortium 《American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology》2012,302(12):G1359-G1363
Many advances have been reported in the long-term culture of intestinal mucosal cells in recent years. A significant number of publications have described new culture media, cell formations, and growth patterns. Furthermore, it is now possible to study, e.g., the capabilities of isolated stem cells or the interactions between stem cells and mesenchyme. However, at the moment there is significant variation in the way these structures are described and named. A standardized nomenclature would benefit the ability to communicate and compare findings from different laboratories using the different culture systems. To address this issue, members of the NIH Intestinal Stem Cell Consortium herein propose a systematic nomenclature for in vitro cultures of the small and large intestine. We begin by describing the structures that are generated by preparative steps. We then define and describe structures produced in vitro, specifically: enterosphere, enteroid, reconstituted intestinal organoid, induced intestinal organoid, colonosphere, colonoid, and colonic organoid. 相似文献
77.
Estrada-Cuzcano A Neveling K Kohl S Banin E Rotenstreich Y Sharon D Falik-Zaccai TC Hipp S Roepman R Wissinger B Letteboer SJ Mans DA Blokland EA Kwint MP Gijsen SJ van Huet RA Collin RW Scheffer H Veltman JA Zrenner E;European Retinal Disease Consortium den Hollander AI Klevering BJ Cremers FP 《American journal of human genetics》2012,90(1):102-109
Cone-rod dystrophy (CRD) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP) are clinically and genetically overlapping heterogeneous retinal dystrophies. By using homozygosity mapping in an individual with autosomal-recessive (ar) RP from a consanguineous family, we identified three sizeable homozygous regions, together encompassing 46 Mb. Next-generation sequencing of all exons, flanking intron sequences, microRNAs, and other highly conserved genomic elements in these three regions revealed a homozygous nonsense mutation (c.497T>A [p.Leu166∗]) in C8orf37, located on chromosome 8q22.1. This mutation was not present in 150 ethnically matched control individuals, single-nucleotide polymorphism databases, or the 1000 Genomes database. Immunohistochemical studies revealed C8orf37 localization at the base of the primary cilium of human retinal pigment epithelium cells and at the base of connecting cilia of mouse photoreceptors. C8orf37 sequence analysis of individuals who had retinal dystrophy and carried conspicuously large homozygous regions encompassing C8orf37 revealed a homozygous splice-site mutation (c.156−2A>G) in two siblings of a consanguineous family and homozygous missense mutations (c.529C>T [p.Arg177Trp]; c.545A>G [p.Gln182Arg]) in siblings of two other consanguineous families. The missense mutations affect highly conserved amino acids, and in silico analyses predicted that both variants are probably pathogenic. Clinical assessment revealed CRD in four individuals and RP with early macular involvement in two individuals. The two CRD siblings with the c.156−2A>G mutation also showed unilateral postaxial polydactyly. These results underline the importance of disrupted ciliary processes in the pathogenesis of retinal dystrophies. 相似文献
78.
Lines MA Huang L Schwartzentruber J Douglas SL Lynch DC Beaulieu C Guion-Almeida ML Zechi-Ceide RM Gener B Gillessen-Kaesbach G Nava C Baujat G Horn D Kini U Caliebe A Alanay Y Utine GE Lev D Kohlhase J Grix AW Lohmann DR Hehr U Böhm D;FORGE Canada Consortium Majewski J Bulman DE Wieczorek D Boycott KM 《American journal of human genetics》2012,90(2):369-377
Mandibulofacial dysostosis with microcephaly (MFDM) is a rare sporadic syndrome comprising craniofacial malformations, microcephaly, developmental delay, and a recognizable dysmorphic appearance. Major sequelae, including choanal atresia, sensorineural hearing loss, and cleft palate, each occur in a significant proportion of affected individuals. We present detailed clinical findings in 12 unrelated individuals with MFDM; these 12 individuals compose the largest reported cohort to date. To define the etiology of MFDM, we employed whole-exome sequencing of four unrelated affected individuals and identified heterozygous mutations or deletions of EFTUD2 in all four. Validation studies of eight additional individuals with MFDM demonstrated causative EFTUD2 mutations in all affected individuals tested. A range of EFTUD2-mutation types, including null alleles and frameshifts, is seen in MFDM, consistent with haploinsufficiency; segregation is de novo in all cases assessed to date. U5-116kD, the protein encoded by EFTUD2, is a highly conserved spliceosomal GTPase with a central regulatory role in catalytic splicing and post-splicing-complex disassembly. MFDM is the first multiple-malformation syndrome attributed to a defect of the major spliceosome. Our findings significantly extend the range of reported spliceosomal phenotypes in humans and pave the way for further investigation in related conditions such as Treacher Collins syndrome. 相似文献
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Cooper DL Martin SG Robinson JI Mackie SL Charles CJ Nam J;YEAR Consortium Isaacs JD Emery P Morgan AW 《PloS one》2012,7(1):e28918