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排序方式: 共有398条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
11.
JAYNE A. BUFFEY SARAH E. HILL STANLEY S. BLEEHEN ANTHONY J. THODY S. MAC NEIL 《Pigment cell & melanoma research》1991,4(3):112-119
Previous work from our laboratory has shown that both cyclic AMP and calcium/calmodulin appear to be involved in the regulation of melanogenesis in murine B16 melanoma cells. In these cells as in murine Cloudman S91 cells, melanogenic responsiveness to melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) varies with cell density in culture. Our objective in this study was to learn more about the intracellular systems involved in the control of melanogenesis, particularly the role played by calcium. The melanogenic response to αMSH was compared to the response to drugs affecting intracellular free calcium and calmodulin over a range of cell densities in B16F1 cells. αMSH-stimulated melanin production was extremely density-dependent but αMSH-stimulated cyclic AMP production was independent of cell density. The melanogenic response to agents that increased intracellular calcium (A23187) or inhibited intracellular calmodulin varied with cell density. A drug (TMB8) that lowered intracellular free calcium, however, increased melanogenesis independently of cell density. At high cell density it was found that an elevation in calcium decreased melanogenesis, whereas agents that reduced calcium or inhibited calmodulin activity increased melanogenesis. At low cell density, however, the inhibitory response to A23187 was lost and in some experiments even stimulated melanogenesis. These data suggest that the calcium/calmodulin signalling system has an inhibitory influence on melanogenesis, and its expression, which depends upon cell density, may also modulate the response to stimulatory agents such as αMSH. 相似文献
12.
Statistics for near independence in multivariate extreme values 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
13.
DEREK TOBIN ANTHONY G. QUINN SHOSUKE ITO ANTHONY J. THODY 《Pigment cell & melanoma research》1994,7(4):204-209
The present study was carried out to investigate the abundance of tyrosinase and related proteins (TRP-1 and TRP-2) in human epidermis and their relationship to melanin type. Positive immunocytochemical staining was seen for all three proteins in epidermal melanocytes. For each protein the numbers of positively stained melanocytes were similar in all subjects studied irrespective of skin type. Following 5 daily suberythemal doses of UVB the melanocytes were larger, more dendritic, and increased in number. With TRP-1 and TRP-2 the increase in number in response to UVB was unrelated to skin type and, hence, with melanin type but with tyrosinase there was a much greater increase in skin types III and IV than in skin type I and II. The enhanced numbers of tyrosinase-positive melanocytes were accompanied by increased staining intensity, suggesting a greater expression of tyrosinase in the melanocytes from skin types III and IV compared with skin types I and II. This increase in tyrosinase could be related to the greater levels of eumelanin found in skin types III and IV, and this is in keeping with the view that higher levels of tyrosinase are associated with the production of eumelanin than phaeomelanin. 相似文献
14.
15.
HIROYUKI OZEKI SHOSUKE ITO KAZUMASA WAKAMATSU ANTHONY J. THODY 《Pigment cell & melanoma research》1996,9(5):265-270
Mammalian melanins exist in two chemically distinct forms: the brown to black eumelanins and the yellow to reddish-brown pheomelanins. They can be quantified by HPLC analysis of pyrrole-2,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (PTCA) and aminohydroxyphenylalanine (AHP). We recently developed a spectrophotometric method for assaying the total amount of eu- and pheomelanins by dissolving melanins in Soluene-350 plus water. In this study, we examined whether absorbance at 500 nm (A500) of the Soluene-350 solution reflects the total amount of melanins obtained by the HPLC methods, and whether the ratio of absorbances between 650 and 500 nm reflects the eumelanin/total melanin ratio in mouse hair, sheep wool, and human hair. Our findings were as follows: (1) Total melanin levels calculated from A500 values correlate well with those obtained from PTCA and AHP values by multiplying with the following factors: for mice, PTCA × 45 + AHP × 2.5; for sheep, PTCA × 40 + AHP × 15; and for humans, PTCA × 160 + AHP × 10. (2) The A650/A500 ratios were higher (0.25–0.33) in black to brown hair while they were significantly lower (0.10–0.14) in yellow to red hair. These results indicate that (1) the A500 value can be used to quantify the total combined amount of eu- and pheomelanins, and (2) the A650/A500 ratio can serve as a parameter to estimate the eumelanin/total melanin ratio. The present method provides a convenient way to qualitatively characterize eu- and pheomelanins in melanins produced in follicular melanocytes. 相似文献
16.
We have investigated the effects of altered cell shape on the regulation of the 92kDa type IV collagenase. In MDCK cells, anti-E-cadherin antibodies alter cell shape by disrupting normal cell—cell contacts, while sodium butyrate causes a marked flattening and spreading of cells. The disruption of cell—cell contacts led to a faint expression of the 92kDa collagenase. This effect was enhanced by sodium butyrate, which by itself did not induce collagenase expression. In contrast, stromelysin expression was not regulated in these conditions. Although mRNA expression was enhanced, the secreted collagenase activity was not altered in these conditions in either cell line. Examination of cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix proteins and cell—cell and cell—matrix adhesion proteins by immunofluorescence and Western blot revealed a disruption of the actin network, tight junctions, and fibronectin deposition by anti E-cadherin antibodies, and alterations in actin, cytokeratin 8, cytokeratin 14, laminin and β1 integrin induced by sodium butyrate. Thus, the induction of collagenase expression in epithelial cells by disrupted cell—cell adhesion and sodium butyrate is associated with changes in cell shape and structure. 相似文献
17.
Abstract Using the method of compartmental analysis, the ion fluxes and compartment concentrations of Ca2+, K+ and Cl- have been compared in the untreated vegetative frond and the abscisic acid (ABA) induced turion of Spirodela polyrrhiza. The ABA-induced turion is characterized by reduced Ca2+ exchange across the tonoplast and low vacuolar Ca2+ concentration relative to the vegetative frond. In addition the turion exhibits a higher plasmalemma flux with a correspondingly high Ca2+ concentration in the cytoplasm. The concentration of K+ and Cl- is much lower in the cytoplasm of the ABA-induced turion than in the vegetative frond with the influx/efflux ratio at both the plasmalemma and the tonoplast being less than 1, a finding exhibited also in dormant storage tissue. Treatment of vegetative fronds with ABA for 18 h resulted in a reduced K+ plasmalemma efflux relative to untreated vegetative fronds and a concomitant increase in the cytoplasmic concentration. There was no rapid effect of ABA on Ca2+, K+ or Cl- fluxes through either membrane. These results are consistent with the notion that drastic changes in ion fluxes and concentrations in the turion are a secondary consequence of ABA-induced development, possibly due to prior regulation by ABA of enzymes inherent to processes involved in membrane transport. 相似文献
18.
SUMMARY. A method is described for isolating and sterilizing fronds of Lemnà gibba, L. minor, L. trisulca, L. polyrrhiza and Wolffia arrhiza , employing enrichment followed by sodium hypochlorite treatment. The method enables about 4% of the total number of treated fronds to be used as initiators of clonal cultures in which bacteria responding to organic enrichment and algae are excluded. Appropriate growth media, culture vessels and culture conditions are detailed. 相似文献
19.
Calcification in the Green Alga Halimeda: IV. THE ACTION OF METABOLIC INHIBITORS ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CALCIFICATION 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effects of a number of metabolic inhibitors on calcificationand photosynthesis in Halimeda tuna, H. discoidea, and H. macrolobaare described. The inhibitors used are CCCP, DNP, DCMU, azide,cyanide, chloramphenicol, cycloheximide, and Diamox. The effectsof these inhibitors, although complex, are consistent with ourmodel of calcification in Halimeda. Inhibition of photosyntheticCO2 uptake inhibits calcification as does stimulation of respiratoryCO2 evolution (i.e. uncoupling). There is also indirect evidencefor the presence of a possible light stimulated H+ efflux whichinhibits calcification. The observed calcification rate is thereforethe result of a number of factors which affect the concentrationof COand the pH in the intercellular space of the Halimedathallus. The results obtained with the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor Diamoxprovide further evidence for the effective separation of theintercellular space from the external medium by the appressedperipheral utricles. 相似文献
20.
Stomatal Response to Humidity and Lanthanum 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
ANTHONY E. HALL WILLIAM W. THOMSON CHARLES W. ASBELL KATHRYN PLATT-ALOIA ROBERT T. LEONARD 《Physiologia plantarum》1977,41(2):89-94
Lanthanum fed to the base of excised leaves of Sesamum indicum L. and Helianthus annuus L. was used as a tracer to investigate by electron microscopy the path of water in the apoplast of leaves. The generally random distribution of lanthanum in cell walls provided no support for the hypothesis that cuticular transpiration may be greater for guard cells than for adjacent epidermal cells. Occasionally, accumulations of lanthanum were observed in anticlinal walls of epidermal cells and at the outer surface of the plasma membrane but lanthanum was not observed in the symplast. The influx of 86Rb to excised roots of sesame and sunflower was inhibited during incubation with 0.5 mM lanthanum or calcium for 15 or for 180 min. Stomata of sunflower partially closed when 2.5 mM lanthanum was supplied to the base of excised shoots in a potometer, whereas this treatment had little effect on stomatal conductance of sesame shoots maintained in a constant environment. Supplying 2.5 mM lanthanum to the base of sesame shoots strongly inhibited stomatal opening response to increase in ambient humidity but had little effect on stomatal opening response to light. It was concluded that stomatal opening response to increased humidity may be dependent upon some process, such as ion influx, that is inhibited by lanthanum, and that opening response to humidity may differ in mechanism from stomatal opening response to increased irradiance. 相似文献