临床分离的表皮葡萄球菌产膜株检出方法及耐药性比较

目的对临床分离表皮葡萄球菌产膜株的检出方法及耐药性进行比较。方法采用刚果红培养基检出PIA阳性株;结晶紫染色进行生物膜定量测定;WalKAway-40全自动微生物鉴定仪检测表皮葡萄球菌临床株对17种抗菌药物耐药性。结果定量测定法及刚果红培养基I、II、III检出产膜株分别为16、10、8和12株;产膜与不产膜的表皮葡萄球菌对17种抗菌药物的耐药性差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论定量测定法及添加少量葡萄糖、氯化钠的刚果红培养基均能较好检出产膜菌;在浮游状态下产膜和不产膜表皮葡萄球菌对抗菌药物的耐药性差异无统计学意义。     

光周期对西葫芦185品系顶芽和叶片衰老的调控

在短日照下,西葫芦(Cucurbita pepo Linn.)185品系的植株发生衰老.结构学、基因表达与系列生化分析证实:短日照启动了顶端分生组织由营养生长锥向花芽的转化,进而其组成细胞发生编程性死亡(PCD),导致顶端生长势的丧失;与长日照处理相比,短日照处理在发育晚期也引起大量叶肉细胞发生PCD,进而叶片出现衰老.核酸酶活性的高度表达是PCD过程中一个非常重要的分子事件.实验证实,西葫芦185品系植株衰老进程的发生与顶端分生组织和叶肉细胞中发生PCD密切相关.     

CDC48B facilitates the intercellular trafficking of SHORT-ROOT during radial patterning in roots

CELL DIVISION CONTROL PROTEIN48 (CDC48) is essential for membrane fusion, protein degradation, and other cellular processes. Here, we revealed the crucial role of CDC48B in regulating periclinal cell division in roots by analyzing the recessive gen1 mutant. We identified the GEN1 gene through map-based cloning and verified that GEN1 encodes CDC48B. gen1 showed severely inhibited root growth, increased periclinal cell division in the endodermis, defective middle cortex (MC) formation, and altered ground tissue patterning in roots. Consistent with these phenotypes, CYCLIND 6;1(CYCD6;1), a periclinal cell division marker, was upregulated in gen1 compared to Col-0. The ratio of SHR_pro:SHR-GFP fluorescence in pre-dividing nuclei vs. the adjacent stele decreased by 33% in gen1, indicating that the trafficking of SHORT-ROOT (SHR) decreased in gen1 when endodermal cells started to divide. These findings suggest that the loss of function of CDC48B inhibits the intercellular trafficking of SHR from the stele to the endodermis, thereby decreasing SHR accumulation in the endodermis. These findings shed light on the crucial role of CDC48B in regulating periclinal cell division in roots.     

土壤外源金霉素污染对蚯蚓生长发育的生态毒性效应

采用赤子爱胜蚓作为受试生物,研究了土壤金霉素污染对蚯蚓生长发育的慢性毒性效应.结果表明： 暴露7 d时,1、10、100 mg·kg^-1金霉素对蚯蚓体质量均无显著影响,暴露21 d后,10、100 mg·kg^-1金霉素对蚯蚓体质量产生显著抑制作用;1、10、100 mg·kg^-1金霉素均诱导了蚯蚓体内可溶性蛋白含量的增加,且暴露浓度越高,诱导效应越强;1、10、100 mg·kg^-1金霉素胁迫下蚯蚓体内的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)均有不同程度的上升;暴露28 d后,蚯蚓的基因表达也产生了明显变化. 表明金霉素污染对蚯蚓的生长发育具有慢性生态毒性效应,蚯蚓体质量、可溶性蛋白、抗氧化防御酶和基因表达等指标可以作为评价金霉素毒性的生物标志物.     

杜仲药用有效成分提取方法研究

为优选杜仲的提取工艺条件 ,本实验以杜仲提取液中氯原酸的含量和浸膏得率为指标 ,采用四因素三水平正交设计法 ,筛选影响杜仲提取工艺的因素 ,探索最优的提取工艺条件。实验证明合理的提取方法为 :12倍 6 0 %的乙醇回流 3次 ,每次 2小时 ;所得杜仲提取物中氯原酸含量为 8 72mg/g生药 ,浸膏得率为 2 0 6 8%。     

Role of acidic stores in secretory epithelia

There is growing evidence that intracellular calcium plays a primary role in the pathophysiology of the pancreas in addition to its crucial importance in major physiological functions. Pancreatic acinar cells have a remarkably large amount of Ca²⁺ stored in both the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the acidic stores. The vast majority of the classical ER Ca²⁺ store is located in the basal part of the acinar cells with extensions protruding into the apical area, however, the acidic stores are exclusively located in the secretory granular area of the cells. Both types of Ca²⁺ store respond to all three intracellular Ca²⁺ messengers – inositol trisphosphate (InsP₃), cyclic-ADP-ribose (cADPR) and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP). The two stores interact with each other via calcium-induced calcium release; however, they can be separated using pharmacological tools. The ER relies on sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺-ATPase (SERCA) that can be blocked by the specific inhibitor thapsigargin. The acidic store requires a low pH that can be modified by blocking vacuolar H⁺-ATPase.     

外科重症治疗病房中侵袭性真菌感染及耐药性分析

近年来,医院内侵袭性真菌感染（invasive fungal infection,IFI）的发生率明显增加,尤多见于免疫功能低下的患者（例如：血液恶性肿瘤、器官移植术后、ICU危重患者等）。不同疾病患者发生的侵袭性真菌感染各有其特点,外科重症治疗病房（surgical intensive care unit,SICU）中,患者多具有高龄、手术史、合并多种基础疾病或免疫功能低下等情况,真菌感染的发生率较普通病房更高^[1],病死率可高达38％-68％^[2],仅次于血液系统肿瘤患者^[3]。     

Trends in Cardiac Biomarker Testing in China for Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction, 2001 to 2011: China PEACE-Retrospective AMI Study

Objectives

To describe trends in the availability of biomarker testing in Chinese hospitals and how practice complies with established standards for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Background

Cardiac biomarker testing is standard in high-income countries, but little is known about the availability and use of cardiac biomarker testing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as China.

Methods

Based on a nationally representative sample of Chinese hospitals in 2001, 2006 and 2011, we describe the temporal trends and regional differences in the hospital capability and rates of use of cardiac biomarker testing, as well as the variation in use across hospitals with testing capability, for patients labeled with the diagnosis of AMI.

Results

We sampled 175 hospitals (162 participated in the study) and 18,631 AMI admissions. 14,370 patients were included in analysis of biomarker use. The proportion of hospitals with biomarker testing capability was 57.4% in 2001 (25.0% troponin and 32.4% creatine kinase MB fraction (CK-MB) only) and 96.3% (81.4% troponin and 14.9% CK-MB only) in 2011. The proportion of hospitals with troponin testing capability in 2011 was significantly higher in urban compared with rural hospitals (96.8% vs. 71.4%, p< 0.001). In 2011, only 55.9% of hospitals with troponin testing capability (71 out of 127 hospitals) used the assay for more than 80% of their patients with AMI. Among hospitals with either biomarker testing capability, there was marked variation in use in both rural (from 7.1% to 100.0% of patients) and urban hospitals (from 57.9% to 100.0% of patients). In 2011, 36.1% of the patients with AMI did not have troponin tested and 4.9% did not have either biomarker measured.

Conclusions

The recommended biomarker tests for AMI diagnosis are not universally available and the testing is not consistently applied when it is available in China.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01624883