西瓜炭疽病菌圆刺盘孢分生孢子产生条件的研究

为研究圆刺盘孢Colletotrichum orbiculare的分生孢子产生条件,通过改变培养基的成分、理化性状及培养条件等方法,进行了诱导产孢试验,并对所产生的分生孢子量进行测定。结果表明,C.orbiculare在西瓜茎叶煎汁培养基上25℃恒温黑暗培养30d可产生大量分生孢子,产孢量高达7.15×109个/m L。在显微镜下观察发现,病菌在西瓜茎叶煎汁培养基上和在西瓜茎秆病斑上产生的分生孢子在形态上存在差异,前者产生的分生孢子稍短和略宽,两端钝圆;而后者产生的分生孢子相对长而细,两端较尖。试验证明寄主西瓜茎叶成分对病菌分生孢子的产生具有明显促进作用。     

滞育七星瓢虫的代谢适应与抗寒性评价

滞育是部分昆虫固有的适应逆境胁迫的遗传属性,七星瓢虫具有显著的滞育现象。本文以七星瓢虫雌成虫为试材,研究正常发育、滞育及滞育解除后3组处理试虫糖、脂、蛋白等关键代谢物质含量波动规律,总结滞育期间的代谢适应特点,解析其与过冷却能力的相关性,探索滞育对七星瓢虫逆境胁迫耐受力的促升效应,丰富七星瓢虫的滞育基础理论研究。利用物质干湿重差数法测定七星瓢虫的含水量;利用氯仿-甲醇(体积比为2∶1)法抽提除去自由水个体的脂肪;总糖、海藻糖、甘油、山梨醇及总蛋白的测定采用标准曲线法,利用SUN-II型智能昆虫过冷却点测定仪测定七星瓢虫的过冷却点(supercooling point,SCP)。结果表明,七星瓢虫滞育组含水量(58.11%±6.55%)显著低于正常发育组(68.49%±2.26%)和滞育解除组(65.84%±4.02%)(F=8.15,P0.01),滞育解除后含水量恢复至正常发育组水平;滞育组总糖(10.60±0.54μg/mg)、糖原(8.72±0.62μg/mg)、脂肪(173.66±19.01μg/mg)含量远远高于正常发育组和滞育解除组(F=46.57,P=0.0006;F=114.25,P0.0001;F=8.48,P0.01);滞育组总蛋白含量(49.20±3.80μg/mg)显著低于正常发育组(71.02±6.15μg/mg)和滞育解除组(69.45±4.66μg/mg)(F=46.57,P=0.0006);滞育组中海藻糖(1.31±0.27μg/mg)、甘油(1.74±0.50μg/mg)、山梨醇(9.84±3.02μg/mg)含量与正常发育组、滞育解除组无显著性差异(F=0.79,P=0.4946;F=1.33,P=0.3004;F=1.69,P=0.2387)。七星瓢虫在滞育条件下其过冷却点(-16.53℃±1.44℃)显著低于正常发育组(-14.07℃±1.33℃)和滞育解除组(-15.29℃±2.10℃)(F=13.47,P0.0001),经过滞育低温驯化后滞育解除组过冷却点较对照组有所降低。滞育诱发七星瓢虫发生显著的代谢适应,蛋白含量显著降低,抑制新陈代谢进程;糖脂含量显著升高,保障滞育维持及解除后发育的能量需求;七星瓢虫滞育属糖原积累型;滞育个体过冷却点大幅下降,耐寒性显著提升。     

Genotyping of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in DNA Isolated from Serum Using Sequenom MassARRAY Technology

Background

Large epidemiologic studies have the potential to make valuable contributions to the assessment of gene-environment interactions because they prospectively collected detailed exposure data. Some of these studies, however, have only serum or plasma samples as a low quantity source of DNA.

Methods

We examined whether DNA isolated from serum can be used to reliably and accurately genotype single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using Sequenom multiplex SNP genotyping technology. We genotyped 81 SNPs using samples from 158 participants in the NYU Women’s Health Study. Each participant had DNA from serum and at least one paired DNA sample isolated from a high quality source of DNA, i.e. clots and/or cell precipitates, for comparison.

Results

We observed that 60 of the 81 SNPs (74%) had high call frequencies (≥95%) using DNA from serum, only slightly lower than the 85% of SNPs with high call frequencies in DNA from clots or cell precipitates. Of the 57 SNPs with high call frequencies for serum, clot, and cell precipitate DNA, 54 (95%) had highly concordant (>98%) genotype calls across all three sample types. High purity was not a critical factor to successful genotyping.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that this multiplex SNP genotyping method can be used reliably on DNA from serum in large-scale epidemiologic studies.     

父本剥夺对子代棕色田鼠同性间行为及相关脑区神经元活性的影响

为探究父本剥夺对子代棕色田鼠(Microtus mandarinus)同性间行为及相关脑区神经元活性的影响,本实验观察了父本缺失子代棕色田鼠成年后社会互作实验和相关脑区Fos蛋白的表达情况。社会互作实验结果显示,与雄性对照组相比,雄性父本剥夺组田鼠对另一雄性个体的探究和聚团行为显著减少(P0.01);与雌性对照组相比,雌性父本剥夺组田鼠对另一雌性个体的探究行为有减少的趋势,对视和自饰行为显著减少(P0.05);但父本剥夺组雌雄棕色田鼠静止时间均显著增加(P0.05)。免疫组织化学结果显示,通过短暂社会互作后,与雄性对照组相比,父本剥夺组雄性在终纹床核(bed nucleus of the stria terminalis,BST)、杏仁中央核(central nucleus of the amygdale,Ce)和室旁核(paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus,PVN)Fos阳性神经元数量显著增加(P0.01);与雌性对照组相比,父本剥夺组雌性在终纹床核(BST)和室旁核(PVN)阳性神经元数量也极显著增加(P0.01)。综上,父本剥夺可能导致幼仔成年后社会性和活动性下降,并可能增加成年后应激反应相关脑区的神经元活性。     

不同能量供需下雌性棕色田鼠胃运动的变化

用PowerLab/8sp生理信号采集分析系统记录哺乳雌鼠、禁食1d和3d雌鼠及正常对照雌鼠胃内压、胃收缩幅值及收缩频率,以研究在不同能量需求与供应状态下,棕色田鼠(Lasiopodomys mandarinus)胃运动的适应性变化。结果显示,禁食组和哺乳期雌鼠的胃内压及胃收缩幅值均显著高于正常对照雌鼠组(P0.05),禁食组胃内压、胃收缩幅值较哺乳组有所下降,且禁食3d组胃内压明显下降(P0.05)。说明在不同生理状态下,能量需求与供应不同,消化道活动发生适应性变化,且消化道生理功能变化与能量胁迫程度相关。     

Antagonism of Beclin 1‐dependent autophagy by BCL‐2 at the endoplasmic reticulum requires NAF‐1

In addition to mitochondria, BCL‐2 is located at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where it is a constituent of several distinct complexes. Here, we identify the BCL‐2‐interacting protein at the ER, nutrient‐deprivation autophagy factor‐1 (NAF‐1)—a bitopic integral membrane protein whose defective expression underlies the aetiology of the neurodegenerative disorder Wolfram syndrome 2 (WFS2). NAF‐1 contains a two iron–two sulphur coordinating domain within its cytosolic region, which is necessary, but not sufficient for interaction with BCL‐2. NAF‐1 is displaced from BCL‐2 by the ER‐restricted BH3‐only protein BIK and contributes to regulation of BIK‐initiated autophagy, but not BIK‐dependent activation of caspases. Similar to BCL‐2, NAF‐1 is found in association with the inositol 1,4,5‐triphosphate receptor and is required for BCL‐2‐mediated depression of ER Ca²⁺ stores. During nutrient deprivation as a physiological stimulus of autophagy, BCL‐2 is known to function through inhibition of the autophagy effector and tumour suppressor Beclin 1. NAF‐1 is required in this pathway for BCL‐2 at the ER to functionally antagonize Beclin 1‐dependent autophagy. Thus, NAF‐1 is a BCL‐2‐associated co‐factor that targets BCL‐2 for antagonism of the autophagy pathway at the ER.     

在职中年人群胆道结石的相关因素分析

目的:探讨在职的40～60岁人群胆囊结石形成的相关因素,为该人群提供降低健康风险、改变不良行为的健康教育信息.方法:随机抽样632个体检人员.采用问卷调查、体重测量、身高测量、胆道B超和空腹血糖、血脂检查.经过统计学处理分析与上述因素的关系,,结果:调查的应答率为88.7%.胆石症患病率为7.55%.在危险因素中性剐、体重指数、血脂和进餐间隔时胆结石的影响较大.结论:胆结石的形成是多因素作用的结果,其中性别、体重指数、血脂和进餐间隔对胆结石形成影响较大.     

省藤属11种棕榈藤亲缘关系的AFLP分析

分别对棕榈科11种省藤属植物的基因组总DNA进行EcoRⅠ+TaqⅠ与EcoRⅠ+PstⅠ限制性双酶切,采用AFLP标记技术分析其亲缘关系.用12对引物对11种棕榈藤的30个代表植株进行选择性扩增,共得到扩增谱带998条,其中多态条带981条,多态性带达98.3%.用MEGA 4.0软件中p-distance计算结果显示,11种棕榈藤30份样本间的遗传距离在0.050～0.391之间,平均为0.297;当遗传距离为0.15时,11种棕榈藤可聚为4个组;第Ⅰ组包括直立省藤、滇南省藤、杖藤、小省藤、勐腊鞭藤、长鞭藤、褐鞘省藤共7个种,第Ⅱ组仅有云南省藤1个种,第Ⅲ组由宽刺藤和泽生藤2个种构成,第Ⅳ组仅含省藤一种,可能为新种.AFLP检测结果表明,以形态特征为依据所划分的鞭轴亚属(Rhachicirrus)植物单独聚为一类;而原始省藤亚属(Protocalamus)和省藤亚属(Calamus)两个亚属的物种在整个聚类图上互相交叉渗透,各亚属植物未能独立成组;省藤亚属植物种之间遗传分化程度较高.因此,省藤属植物之间的亲缘关系和分亚属的标准、依据还需更深入地研究.