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151.
Moreno E; Lanne B; Vazquez AM; Kawashima I; Tai T; Fernandez LE; Karlsson KA; Angstrom J; Perez R 《Glycobiology》1998,8(7):695-705
P3 is a mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds to several NeuGc-
containing gangliosides. It also reacts with antigens expressed in human
breast tumors (Vazquez et al. (1995) Hybridoma , 14, 551-556). In this
work, the binding specificity of P3 has been characterized in more detail
using a panel of glycolipids that included several disialylated
gangliosides and several chemical derivatives of NeuGc-GM3. The carboxyl
group and the nitrogen function of sialic acid were found to play important
roles in the antibody binding, whereas the glycerol tail appears to be
nonrelevant. Molecular modeling was used to analyze the binding data,
including the finding that P3 selectively recognizes the internal NeuGc in
GD3. For this purpose, conformational studies of GD3 were performed using
molecular dynamics. It was concluded that sialic acid binds the P3 antibody
through its upper face (the one on which the carboxyl group is exposed) and
the C4-C5 side of the sugar ring, whereas none or very little contact
between the galactose residue and the protein is evident. Conformational
analysis of GD3 revealed that, despite the large flexibility of the
NeuGcalpha8NeuGc linkage, the P3 binding epitope on the external sialic
acid is not well exposed for any of the possible conformations this linkage
can adopt, whereas the internal sialic acid presents the epitope in a
proper way for several of these conformations. As a final result, a
coherent picture of the epitope that fits the wide binding data was
obtained.
相似文献
152.
The structural basis of molecular adaptation 总被引:31,自引:21,他引:10
The study of molecular adaptation has long been fraught with difficulties,
not the least of which is identifying out of hundreds of amino acid
replacements those few directly responsible for major adaptations. Six
studies are used to illustrate how phylogenies, site- directed mutagenesis,
and a knowledge of protein structure combine to provide much deeper
insights into the adaptive process than has hitherto been possible. Ancient
genes can be reconstructed, and the phenotypes can be compared to modern
proteins. Out of hundreds of amino acid replacements accumulated over
billions of years those few responsible for discriminating between
alternative substrates are identified. An amino acid replacement of modest
effect at the molecular level causes a dramatic expansion in an ecological
niche. These and other topics are creating the emerging field of
"paleomolecular biochemistry."
相似文献
153.
Marie-Elisabeth Samson-Bouma Nicole Verthier Leo A Ginsel Grard Feldmann Jack AM Fransen Lawrence P Aggerbeck 《Biology of the cell / under the auspices of the European Cell Biology Organization》1996,87(3):189-196
Summary— Intestinal biopsies from patients having genetic disorders of lipoprotein assembly and secretion, such as abetalipoproteinemia (ABL) or Anderson's disease (AD), contain large amounts of lipids which are accumulated in the enterocytes. Determination of the intracellular sites in which the lipids accumulate and to which apolipoproteins the lipids are bound would help to identify the defects in these diseases and further elucidate the mechanisms by which lipoprotein assembly and secretion occur normally. Ultrastructural immunogold labeling, however, is hampered by the poor preservation of the lipids accumulated in the enterocytes of these patients. We have used routine electron microscopy (fixation and ultra-thin sectioning) along with three methods for immunogold labeling of lipid-laden enterocytes; ultrathin cryosectioning, low temperature freeze substitution with embedding in Lowicryl K4M, and ultra-low temperature freeze substitution with embedding in Lowicryl HM20, to establish a protocol for investigating the intestinal tissue from these patients. Ultracryosectioning, while preserving the overall morphology of the lipid laden enterocytes, did not preserve the lipid content and the immunogold labeling of apolipoprotein B (ApoB) appeared dislocated. Freeze substitution and low temperature embedding in Lowicryl K4M, in contrast, appeared to better preserve the lipid and lipoprotein structures; however, the antigenicity of both apoAI and apoB appeared to be lost and no specific labeling could be obtained. Freeze substitution and embedding in Lowicryl HM20 best preserved the lipid and lipoprotein structures while maintaining apoprotein antigenicity. In conclusion, immunogold labeling of apolipoproteins on lipid structures in the lipid-laden enterocytes of patients with ABL and AD is best obtained by freeze substitution and embedding in Lowicryl HM20. 相似文献
154.
155.
Immunological similarities between specific chloroplast ribosomal proteins from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and ribosomal proteins from Escherichia coli 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Polyclonal antibodies were elicited against seven of the 33 different
proteins of the large subunit of the chloroplast ribosome from
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Three of these proteins are synthesized in the
chloroplast and four are made in the cytoplasm and imported. In western
blots, six of the seven antisera are monospecific for their respective
large subunit ribosomal proteins, and none of these antisera cross-reacted
with any chloroplast small subunit proteins from C. reinhardtii. Antisera
to the three chloroplast-synthesized ribosomal proteins cross-reacted with
specific Escherichia coli large subunit proteins of comparable charge and
molecular weight. Only one of the four antisera to the chloroplast
ribosomal proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm cross-reacted with an E.
coli large subunit protein. None of the antisera cross-reacted with any E.
coli small subunit proteins. On the assumption of a procaryotic,
endosymbiotic origin for the chloroplast, those chloroplast ribosomal
proteins still synthesized within the organelle appear to have retained
more antigenic sites in common with E. coli ribosomal proteins than have
those which are now the products of cytoplasmic protein synthesis. Antisera
to this cytoplasmically synthesized group of chloroplast ribosomal proteins
did not recognize any antigenic sites among C. reinhardtii cytoplasmic
ribosomal proteins, suggesting that the genes for the cytoplasmically
synthesized chloroplast ribosomal proteins either are not derived from the
cytoplasmic ribosomal protein genes or have evolved to a point where no
antigenic similarities remain.
相似文献
156.
Sterigmatocystin (STG) is a toxic metabolite produced by severalAspergillus species. Because of its toxic and carcinogenic properties the occurrence of STG in food is considered to represent a potential
hazard to man. The present study was designed to investigate following points:
相似文献
1 | A survey of STG incidence in Ras cheese on local markets. Ras cheese samples were collected from Cairo, Giza and Kalubia governorates. Thirty five percent of the samples contained the toxin with a mean value of 22.23 μg /kg |
2 | Fate of STG contaminating milk during Ras cheese processing. Milk was artificially contaminated with 125 μg/kg and processed into Ras cheese. Eighty percent of the toxin was distributed into the curd and 20% into the whey. Cheese ripening effected toxin content and the effect was temperature dependent. At 6°C: toxin concentration was slightly affected; at 20°C the toxin was reduced by 16% after 90 days when low toxin concentration was used. |
3 | Formation of STG byA versicolor mold on Ras cheese. Ras cheese blocks were contaminated with spores of the mold. Toxin production started after 45 days of ripening and reached a maximum at 90 days and then declined. Cow’s milk favoured toxin production over buffaloe’s. Aged cheese inhibited toxin production. |
157.
Te Riele JA Piek JJ Mudra H Hamm CW Schofer J Bertrand M Rutsch W Beekman JA Veldhof S Eijgelshoven MH Serruys PW 《International journal of cardiovascular interventions》2000,3(2):97-104
BACKGROUND: The DUET Study is a multicenter prospective efficacy and safety evaluation of the ACS MULTI-LINK DUET coronary stainless steel balloon-expandable stent. AIMS: The primary objective was to determine the one-month incidence of MACE (major adverse cardiac events). The secondary objectives were the acute success rate, the restenosis and reocclusion rates (assessed by quantitative coronary angiography (QCA)) at six months and the occurrence of MACE in hospital and at six months. METHODS: Two hundred and ten patients were enrolled between February and June 1998 in 18 European centers. Successful stent placement was achieved in 209 patients. All patients were treated with ticlopidine 500 mg/day for one month and with aspirin >/=100 mg/day. To allow the investigators to gain familiarity with the stent system, the first one to three patients per center formed a separate lead-in population leaving an intention-to-treat population of 157 patients. The majority of the intention-to-treat population were male (79%); 28% had unstable angina, 69% had stable angina, 44% had had a previous myocardial infarction, 15% had had a previous percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, and 3% had a history of stroke. The target vessel was 38.5% left anterior descending artery, 20.5% left circumflex artery and 41.0% right coronary artery. RESULTS: All but one of the intention-to-treat patients were effectively stented (17 required multiple stents). Six-month angiographic follow-up was available in 90% of the intention-to-treat population. Minimal lumen diameter (MLD) postprocedure was 2.61 +/- 0.33 mm, with a residual diameter stenosis of 16%. Six-month follow-up data showed an MLD of 1.87 +/- 0.56 mm with a residual diameter stenosis of 36%. The binary restenosis rate (>/=50% residual stenosis) was 15.6%. Up to one month following the procedure 94.9% of the population was MACE-free, with two subacute occlusions. At six months all patients were alive, of whom 82.8% were MACE-free, and 73% were free of anginal complaints. CONCLUSION: The results observed in the current DUET registry are comparable to data of other balloon-expandable-stent trials, with a low incidence of clinical events at follow-up. 相似文献
158.
Amiodarone (AM) is an effective anti-arrhythmic drug. We investigated the role of mast cells and macrophages on AM induced pulmonary fibrosis and the action of atorvastatin on this fibrosis. Rats were allocated into four groups; negative control (1), positive control (2), 30 mg/kg body weight/day AM (3) and AM + 10 mg/kg/day atorvastatin (4). Lungs were harvested and prepared for histology and immunohistochemistry. Hematoxylin and eosin stained sections of group 3 exhibited disorganized lung architecture. We found cellular debris in the lumen of both intrapulmonary bronchi and bronchioles with partial disruption of the thickened epithelial lining and mononuclear cellular infiltration into the lamina propria. We also observed thickening of the epithelial lining and the smooth muscle layer. Congested, dilated and thickened blood capillaries and thickened inter-alveolar septa were observed with mononuclear cellular infiltrates in the lung of group 3. Most alveoli were collapsed, but some dilated ones were detected. In some alveoli, type ?? pneumocytes were increased, while type I cells were decreased. We observed significant increases in the amount of collagen in the thickened inter-alveolar septa, around bronchioles and around blood capillaries in sections from group 3. We found a significant increase in mast cells and alveolar macrophages in group 3 compared to group 1. Mast cells and macrophages appear to play important roles in AM induced pulmonary fibrosis. Atorvastatin appears to attenuate this condition. 相似文献
159.
Corn samples were collected in 1999 from three departments of Entre Réos province, Argentina, and were surveyed for mould
contamination and natural occurrence ofFusarium mycotoxins, ochratoxin A and aflatoxins.Fusarium verticillioides was the most prevalent fungal species recorded at all departments. Zearalenone, deoxynivalenol and ochratoxin A were not
found in any samples. Only one of the 52 corn samples analysed was contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (17 μg/kg). Fumonisin B1 was found in 58 % of samples (range of positive samples: 47– 3,347 μg/kg), fumonisin B2 in 33.0 % (range of positive samples: 23–537 μg/kg) and fumonisin B3 in 25.0 % (range of positive samples: 24–287 μg/kg) of them. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of mycotoxins
in corn from Entre Ríos province, Argentina. Levels of fumonisins were lower than detected in other Argentinian provinces. 相似文献