链霉素对鸟听觉毒性作用的研究

目的：了解链霉素对鸟听觉毒性的作用。方法：选33只健康成年虎皮鹦鹉,不同剂量的链霉素肌肉注射15日,脑干听觉诱发电位测试外周的听觉敏度和听觉通路中神经的传导和传递能力。结果：链霉素对鸟听觉有毒性作用。结论：用链霉素处理鸟可以制作聋鸟模型。     

褐头鸫巢址选择和活动区的初步研究

褐头鸫是国际受胁物种,繁殖地仅分布在我国的华北山地,迄今有关该物种的生态研究尚无专门报道.我们于2005 年5 月至2006 年8 月对北京和河北两地褐头鸫的巢址选择和活动区进行了初步研究.调查共发现褐头鸫的巢7 个,其中北京百花山6 个,河北雾灵山1 个.巢址平均海拔1805 m±86 m(1730～1930 m),巢树均为华北落叶松 Larix principis-rupprechtii ,巢树高度11.3 m±2.2 m(8～14 m).巢距地的平均高度为5.3 m±1.5 m(4～7 m),巢址周围隐蔽性较好,天敌很难发现.2006年6～7月,利用无线电遥测技术在河北雾灵山国家级自然保护区对一只褐头鸫的雌鸟进行了无线电遥测,采用95%调和平均数法来计算,其繁殖期的活动区面积为1.93 hm2±0.76 hm2.     

Mus和Rattus属鼠类下颌骨形态特征测量分析系统建立

目的建立高精度低误差的《Mus和Rattus属鼠类下颌骨形态特征测量分析系统》。方法运用Microsoft Visual Basic6．0语言设计程序,自动测量、计算、分析下颌骨形态特征。实例运行评估其可操作性。结果本系统可提高测量精度28倍,减少计算误差40余倍。可适用于Mus和Rattus属的野生动物、实验动物的下颌骨形态特征测量分析。结论《Mm和Rottus属鼠类下颌骨形态特征测量分析系统》具有成为可操作的遗传检测方法。     

Enhanced litter input rather than changes in litter chemistry drive soil carbon and nitrogen cycles under elevated CO2: a microcosm study

Elevated CO₂ has been shown to stimulate plant productivity and change litter chemistry. These changes in substrate availability may then alter soil microbial processes and possibly lead to feedback effects on N availability. However, the strength of this feedback, and even its direction, remains unknown. Further, uncertainty remains whether sustained increases in net primary productivity will lead to increased long‐term C storage in soil. To examine how changes in litter chemistry and productivity under elevated CO₂ influence microbial activity and soil C formation, we conducted a 230‐day microcosm incubation with five levels of litter addition rate that represented 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.4 and 1.8 × litterfall rates observed in the field for aspen stand growing under control treatments at the Aspen FACE experiment in Rhinelander, WI, USA. Litter and soil samples were collected from the corresponding field control and elevated CO₂ treatment after trees were exposed to elevated CO₂ (560 ppm) for 7 years. We found that small decreases in litter [N] under elevated CO₂ had minor effects on microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen and dissolved inorganic nitrogen. Increasing litter addition rates resulted in linear increase in total C and new C (C from added litter) that accumulated in whole soil as well as in the high density soil fraction (HDF), despite higher cumulative C loss by respiration. Total N retained in whole soil and in HDF also increased with litter addition rate as did accumulation of new C per unit of accumulated N. Based on our microcosm comparisons and regression models, we expected that enhanced C inputs rather than changes in litter chemistry would be the dominant factor controlling soil C levels and turnover at the current level of litter production rate (230 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹ under ambient CO₂). However, our analysis also suggests that the effects of changes in biochemistry caused by elevated CO₂ could become significant at a higher level of litter production rate, with a trend of decreasing total C in HDF, new C in whole soil, as well as total N in whole soil and HDF.     

The biofuel potential of municipal solid waste

The world in the 21st century is facing a dual crisis of increasing waste and global climate change. Substituting fossil fuels with waste biomass‐derived cellulosic ethanol is a promising strategy to simultaneously meet part of our energy needs, mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and manage municipal solid waste (MSW). However, the global potential of MSW as an energy source is as yet unquantified. Here, we report increasing trends of MSW generation, and waste biomass‐derived cellulosic ethanol potentials in relation to socio‐economic development across 173 countries, and show that globally, up to 82.9 billion litres of waste paper‐derived cellulosic ethanol can be produced worldwide, replacing 5.36% of gasoline consumption, with accompanying GHG emissions savings of between 29.2% and 86.1%.     

石榴籽油的微波提取和体外抗氧化作用研究

比较常规回流提取与微波提取法对石榴籽油的提取率,并采用正交实验法优选微波提取最佳工艺条件。结果表明,出油率有显著性差异(P<0.01),微波提取出油率高,其提取最佳工艺条件为:物液比为1:5(g:mL),微波处理时间为50s×5(即每次处理50s,间歇处理5次),微波功率为480w。用Schaal烘箱法(60±1℃)比较了石榴籽油和维生素E抗猪油和色拉油氧化的作用,石榴籽油的体外抗氧化作用优于维生素E,具有很好的应用前景。     

阳江市健康人群乙型肝炎血清流行病学调查

目的了解阳江市健康人群乙型肝炎表面抗体(抗-HBs)水平,评价乙型肝炎疫苗免疫效果。方法采用整群随机抽样方法,在阳江市辖区内随机抽取20个乡镇的常住健康人群为调查对象。采用电化学发光免疫法定量检测抗-HBs水平,运用SPSS18.0和Excel 2007软件进行数据整理和分析。结果共采集1 054人份血清进行检测,人群中乙肝疫苗接种率为94.88%,抗-HBs阳性率为63.47%、抗-HBs高应答率及GMT分别为29.51%和2 3.47 m IU/m L。乙肝疫苗接种率显示,随着年龄的增长疫苗接种率越低;20岁以下和20岁以上人群疫苗接种率分别为98.35%和54.22%,且男性高于女性;各地区间疫苗接种率差异无统计学意义(χ2=5.99,P=0.11)。抗-HBs阳性率显示,1~14岁儿童抗-HBs阳性率为63.00%。其中,1~岁组儿童最高为87.20%,7~岁组最低为54.56%;江城区抗-HBs阳性率最高(70.61%),阳西县最低(56.60%)。1岁以下儿童的抗-HBs应答率和GMT均最高,分别为61.22%和(91.56±2.15)m IU/m L。5~岁组最低,分别为13.74%和(12.44±1.46)m IU/m L,差异均有显著的统计学意义(χ2=57.31,P=0.00,F=5.77,P=0.00)。结论阳江市健康人群乙肝疫苗接种率高,初步形成免疫屏障。积极开展20岁以下人群的加强免疫和成人的乙肝疫苗的接种工作。     

浅议我国医药产业研发现状及未来发展建议

目前世界医药产业不断发展,逐渐形成了少数企业少数产品带来多数利润的发展新格局。我国医药产业与发达国家相比,整体处于大而不强的阶段。少数企业逐步壮大。多数药企研发投入严重不足。本文针对目前中国医药产业与研发的现状提出了自主研发"重磅炸弹"药物的方针。并从抓住创新时机、提高创新能力、走向国际竞争、培育创新环境四个方面给自主研发"重磅炸弹"药物给出建议。     

《中药鉴定学》综合性、设计性实验教学改革初探

阐述与分析了《中药鉴定学》综合性、设计性实验内容及实践模式,表明本学科综合性、设计性实验对培养学生实践技能、创新精神和素质教育的作用和意义。