全文获取类型
收费全文 | 264篇 |
免费 | 49篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 3篇 |
2018年 | 3篇 |
2017年 | 3篇 |
2016年 | 8篇 |
2015年 | 11篇 |
2014年 | 18篇 |
2013年 | 13篇 |
2012年 | 22篇 |
2011年 | 14篇 |
2010年 | 12篇 |
2009年 | 11篇 |
2008年 | 11篇 |
2007年 | 6篇 |
2006年 | 13篇 |
2005年 | 8篇 |
2004年 | 12篇 |
2003年 | 5篇 |
2002年 | 8篇 |
2001年 | 8篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 9篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 5篇 |
1966年 | 3篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
1923年 | 3篇 |
1919年 | 1篇 |
1917年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有314条查询结果,搜索用时 656 毫秒
51.
52.
A pathway for conversion of the metabolic intermediate phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and the formation of acetate, succinate, formate, and H2 in the anaerobic cellulolytic bacterium Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1 was constructed on the basis of enzyme activities detected in extracts of cells grown in cellulose- or cellobiose-limited continuous culture. PEP was converted to acetate and CO2 (via pyruvate kinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and acetate kinase) or carboxylated to form succinate (via PEP carboxykinase, malate dehydrogenase, fumarase, and fumarate reductase). Lactate was not formed even during rapid growth (batch culture, µ = 0.35/h). H2 was formed by a hydrogenase rather than by cleavage of formate, and 13C-NMR and14 C-exchange reaction data indicated that formate was produced by CO2 reduction, not by a cleavage of pyruvate. The distribution of PEP into the acetate and succinate pathways was not affected by changing extracellular pH and growth rates within the normal growth range. However, increasing growth rate from 0.017/h to 0.244/h resulted in a shift toward formate production, presumably at the presence of H2. This shift suggested that reducing equivalents could be balanced through formate or H2 production without affecting the yields of the major carbon-containing fermentation endproducts. 相似文献
53.
Atomic force microscopy imaging of DNA covalently immobilized on a functionalized mica substrate. 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Biophysical journal》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
L S Shlyakhtenko A A Gall J J Weimer D D Hawn Y L Lyubchenko 《Biophysical journal》1999,77(1):568-576
A procedure for covalent binding of DNA to a functionalized mica substrate is described. The approach is based on photochemical cross-linking of DNA to immobilized psoralen derivatives. A tetrafluorphenyl (TFP) ester of trimethyl psoralen (trioxalen) was synthesized, and the procedure to immobilize it onto a functionalized aminopropyl mica surface (AP-mica) was developed. DNA molecules were cross-linked to trioxalen moieties by UV irradiation of complexes. The steps of the sample preparation procedure were analyzed with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results from XPS show that an AP-mica surface can be formed by vapor phase deposition of silane and that this surface can be derivatized with trioxalen. The derivatized surface is capable of binding of DNA molecules such that, after UV cross-linking, they withstand a thorough rinsing with SDS. Observations with atomic force microscopy showed that derivatized surfaces remain smooth, so DNA molecules are easily visualized. Linear and circular DNA molecules were photochemically immobilized on the surface. The molecules are distributed over the surface uniformly, indicating rather even modification of AP-mica with trioxalen. Generally, the shapes of supercoiled molecules electrostatically immobilized on AP-mica and those photocross-linked on trioxalen-functionalized surfaces remain quite similar. This suggests that UV cross-linking does not induce formation of a noticeable number of single-stranded breaks in DNA molecules. 相似文献
54.
Genetic Characterization of a Cell Envelope-Associated Proteinase from Lactobacillus helveticus CNRZ32
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of bacteriology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Jeffrey A. Pederson Gerald J. Mileski Bart C. Weimer James L. Steele 《Journal of bacteriology》1999,181(15):4592-4597
A cell envelope-associated proteinase gene (prtH) was identified in Lactobacillus helveticus CNRZ32. The prtH gene encodes a protein of 1,849 amino acids and with a predicted molecular mass of 204 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence of the prtH product has significant identity (45%) to that of the lactococcal PrtP proteinases. Southern blot analysis indicates that prtH is not broadly distributed within L. helveticus. A prtH deletion mutant of CNRZ32 was constructed to evaluate the physiological role of PrtH. PrtH is not required for rapid growth or fast acid production in milk by CNRZ32. Cell surface proteinase activity and specificity were determined by hydrolysis of alpha(s1)-casein fragment 1-23 by whole cells. A comparison of CNRZ32 and its prtH deletion mutant indicates that CNRZ32 has at least two cell surface proteinases that differ in substrate specificity. 相似文献
55.
Maria Ctira Bortolini Francisco Mauro Salzano Marco Antonio Zago Wilson Araujo Da Silva Tania De Azevedo Weimer 《American journal of physical anthropology》1997,103(2):147-156
Sequence data from the first hypervariable segment of the mitochondrial DNA control region of 124 subjects belonging to three African-Brazilian and three Brazilian Indian populations were compared with information related to 12 protein genetic loci from 601 persons living in the same localities. There is high diversity among the mtDNA sites, and the most variable in one ethnic group are not the most variable in the other. No differences in gene diversity between populations within ethnic groups were observed, but the Indians showed a reduced variability. Much more interpopulation variation was observed in the mtDNA data than in the protein set. The relationships obtained for the six populations, however, are the same regardless whether mtDNA or protein loci are considered. African-Brazilians from Porto Alegre and Salvador, situated 3,000 km apart, are more similar to each other than both are to Paredão, despite the geographical proximity between Porto Alegre and Paredão, which are just 50 km apart. The tree topology in relation to the three Indians groups, on the other hand, is that expected when languages, culture, and geography are considered. Am J Phys Anthropol 103:147–156, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
56.
57.
Nico Dissmeyer Annika K. Weimer Stefan Pusch Kristof De Schutter Claire Lessa Alvim Kamei Moritz K. Nowack Bela Novak Gui-Lan Duan Yong-Guan Zhu Lieven De Veylder Arp Schnittger 《The Plant cell》2009,21(11):3641-3654
Entry into mitosis is universally controlled by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). A key regulatory event in metazoans and fission yeast is CDK activation by the removal of inhibitory phosphate groups in the ATP binding pocket catalyzed by Cdc25 phosphatases. In contrast with other multicellular organisms, we show here that in the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana, cell cycle control does not depend on sudden changes in the phosphorylation pattern of the PSTAIRE-containing Cdk1 homolog CDKA;1. Consistently, we found that neither mutants in a previously identified CDC25 candidate gene nor plants in which it is overexpressed display cell cycle defects. Inhibitory phosphorylation of CDKs is also the key event in metazoans to arrest cell cycle progression upon DNA damage. However, we show here that the DNA damage checkpoint in Arabidopsis can also operate independently of the phosphorylation of CDKA;1. These observations reveal a surprising degree of divergence in the circuitry of highly conserved core cell cycle regulators in multicellular organisms. Based on biomathematical simulations, we propose a plant-specific model of how progression through the cell cycle could be wired in Arabidopsis. 相似文献
58.
59.
Rainer Beck Frank Adolf Carolin Weimer Britta Bruegger Felix T. Wieland 《Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark)》2009,10(3):307-315
Golgi-derived coat protein I (COPI) vesicles mediate transport in the early secretory pathway. The minimal machinery required for COPI vesicle formation from Golgi membranes in vitro consists of (i) the hetero-heptameric protein complex coatomer, (ii) the small guanosine triphosphatase ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1) and (iii) transmembrane proteins that function as coat receptors, such as p24 proteins. Various and opposing reports exist on a role of ArfGAP1 in COPI vesicle biogenesis. In this study, we show that, in contrast to data in the literature, ArfGAP1 is not required for COPI vesicle formation. To investigate roles of ArfGAP1 in vesicle formation, we titrated the enzyme into a defined reconstitution assay to form and purify COPI vesicles. We find that catalytic amounts of Arf1GAP1 significantly reduce the yield of purified COPI vesicles and that Arf1 rather than ArfGAP1 constitutes a stoichiometric component of the COPI coat. Combining the controversial reports with the results presented in this study, we suggest a novel role for ArfGAP1 in membrane trafficking. 相似文献
60.
Shi Yu Tillmann Falck Anneleen Daemen Leon-Charles Tranchevent Johan AK Suykens Bart De Moor Yves Moreau 《BMC bioinformatics》2010,11(1):309