autoinfer1.0: a computer program to infer biogeographical events automatically

autoinfer is a computer program for biogeographical inference based on nested clade analysis. To reduce the obscurity caused by manual inference, we defined geographically concordant clades and intermediate geographical areas between two clades. The program will perform most of the inferences automatically with a minimum of input from the user. We believe that autoinfer will save much time for the user compared with using the inference key by hand and, furthermore, will reduce the errors of inference resulting from different criteria in deduction.     

马铃薯花芽分化与内源激素动态变化的关系

以马铃薯2个开花品种YS205和HZ88以及未开花品种YS304为材料,采用石蜡切片法观察花芽分化的解剖学特征,并用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定开花与未开花品种不同时期叶内4种内源激素——生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA3)、玉米核苷素(ZR)、脱落酸(ABA)含量的动态变化,探讨成花过程中叶片内源激素含量和比值的变化与成花的关系,为马铃薯花期调控、栽培和杂交育种提供理论依据。结果显示:(1)马铃薯花芽内部发育与外部形态之间有相对稳定的时序性对应关系,从花芽分化初期生长锥逐渐向上凸起,到雌雄蕊原基形成,完成整个花芽分化仅用了1周左右的时间,此阶段YS205和HZ88的花芽分化过程无明显差异,而YS304未成花。(2)随着花器官的不断发育,HZ88子房形成2室,每室多个胚珠,而YS205的子房在发育过程中发生了变异,形成完整的3室;YS205和HZ88都先后经历了授粉受精过程,HZ88具有一定的自交结实率,YS205无坐果率。(3)马铃薯3个品种的IAA、GA3、ZR和ABA含量在花芽分化前期均较低,且无明显差异性;随后,3个品种的IAA和GA3含量均呈先升后降的单峰变化曲线,但YS304上升和下降的速度较2个开花品种快,而且YS205和HZ88的ZR和ABA含量则始终高于YS304。(4)开花品种YS205和HZ88的ABA/IAA、ABA/GA3、ZR/IAA、ZR/GA3比值均高于未开花品种YS304,且随生育期变化趋势不同。研究表明,较低水平的IAA、GA3和高水平的ABA、ZR均有利于促进马铃薯花芽分化,反之则抑制花原基形态的建成。     

不同光质配比对紫叶生菜光合特性和品质的影响

为了探索不同光质配比对紫叶生菜生长发育的影响,本试验以‘中蔬紫生菜’紫叶生菜为研究对象,以LED智能调光台为人工光源,通过在白光的基础上添加不同比例的红蓝光(1:1、2:1、4:1和1:2),研究不同光质配比对紫叶生菜光合特性和品质的影响.结果表明: 红蓝光比例为4:1时,紫叶生菜叶片叶绿素含量、RuBP羧化酶活性最大,电子传递效率最高,净光合速率和生长量也显著高于对照和其他处理,且硝酸盐含量最低.而添加1:2的红蓝光时,叶片可溶性蛋白和维生素C含量最高,花青素、类黄酮、总酚等次生代谢物含量以及总抗氧化能力显著高于对照和其他处理.因此,在白光基础上增加适当比例的红蓝光可提高紫叶生菜的光合特性或改善产品品质.     

大鼠最后区内微量注射血管紧张素Ⅱ对肾脏排钠的影响

已知最后区存在血管紧张素ⅡＡ（Ⅱ）受体,并可感受血中ＡⅡ水平的变化,本文采用微量注射ＡⅡ于ＡＰ的方法,观察了ＡＰ和肾功能的关系。结果：ＡＰ内微量注射ＡⅡ（２．２０ｎｇ）引起肾小球滤过率（ＧＦＲ）,肾血浆流量（ＲＰＦ）,尿钠排泄（ＵＮａＶ）的增加（Ｐ〈０．０５）。该作用可被ＡＰ内微量注射ＡⅡ拮抗剂ｓａｒａｌａｓｉｎ或切断（Ｐ〈０．０５）。而静脉注射ｓａｒａｌａｓｉｎ却不能阻断该作用。微量注射ＡⅡ于弧     

Aerobic Heterotrophic Bacterial and Fungal Communities in the Topsoil of Omo Biosphere Reserve in Southwestern Nigeria1

As a part of the surveillance effort to monitor the ecological status of Omo Biosphere Reserve in the southwestern region of Nigeria, the aerobic heterotrophic bacterial and fungal communities of the topsoil were investigated in March 1995 and April 1996, before the onset of the rainy season. Four distinct wood‐tree plantations, a core strict nature reserve (SNR) area, and a buffer zone were sampled. The topsoil samples (7.5 cm depth), including the litter, were taken with an auger (8 cm diameter) and transported to the laboratory in polyethylene bags. One‐gram dry weight equivalent of sample was suspended in 10 ml sterile water, and serial dilutions from it were used for the estimation of bacterial and fungal densities. The bacterial and fungal densities ranged in the order of 106 and 103 cfu/g, respectively. Out of the 18 bacterial and 16 fungal species that were obtained, 13 and 12, respectively, were isolated from the core SNR. About 46 to 69 percent of the bacteria and 50 to 83 percent of the fungi species found in the SNR were absent in different combinations in the plantations and the buffer zone; these variations were significant among the sites monitored. The bacterial and fungal species compositions were significantly different between the SNR and each of the other sites. Proportional distributions within the sites were significant only for the bacterial communities. It would appear that plantation and human activities have caused significant changes in the distribution and species richness of the heterotrophic bacterial and fungal communities relative to the undisturbed SNR area of the Omo Biosphere Reserve.     

CsRCA超表达对高温胁迫下黄瓜幼苗光合作用的影响

以CsRCA超表达黄瓜株系T1-7、T1-2和野生型‘08-1’为试材,在三叶一心时用光照培养箱模拟高温环境[40 ℃,光量子通量密度(PFD) 600 μmol·m^-2·s^-1],研究了CsRCA超表达对高温胁迫下黄瓜幼苗光合作用的调控机理.结果表明: CsRCA超表达可显著提高转基因黄瓜幼苗核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化/加氧酶(Rubisco)大、小亚基的mRNA 表达量,Rubisco和Rubisco活化酶(RCA)活性亦显著高于野生型植株.高温胁迫2 h后,超表达和野生型黄瓜幼苗的光合速率(P_n)、以吸收光能为基础的光化学性能指数(PI_ABS)、Rubisco活性和RCA活性及其mRNA表达量均显著降低.经JIP-test分析发现,高温胁迫导致叶绿素荧光快速诱导动力学曲线中K点明显上升, 而捕获的激子将电子传递到电子传递链中Q_A下游的其他电子受体的概率(Ψ_o)和用于电子传递的产额(φ_E0)均显著下降,说明PSⅡ放氧复合体(OEC)和Q_A之后的电子传递链在高温下受到抑制,但是超表达植株的变化幅度要小于野生型植株.可见CsRCA超表达可以通过提高Rubisco、RCA和PSⅡ活性,缓解高温对黄瓜幼苗光合作用的影响,增强其对高温的适应性.     

Global research trends on bioflocculant potentials in wastewater remediation from 1990 to 2019 using a bibliometric approach

The preference of biofloculants over chemical flocculants in water and wastewater remediation systems has gained wider attention due to their biodegradability, innocuousness, safety to human and environmental friendliness. The present study aimed to evaluate research outputs on bioflocculant potentials in wastewater remediation from 1990 to 2019 using bibliometric analyses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first bibliometric report in bioflocculant research. The subject bibliometric dataset was extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) and Scopus using the Boolean, ‘bioflocculant* and waste*’ and analysed for indicators such as a yearly trend, productivity (authors, articles, country, institution and journal source), conceptual framework and collaboration network. We found 119 documents with 347 authors from 78 journal sources on the subject, an annual growth rate of 12·1%, and average citations/document of 15·08. Guo J. and Wang Y. were the top researchers with 15 and 12 outputs respectively. China (42%) and South Africa (9·24%) ranked the top two dominant countries in the field. The top journals were Bioresource Technology (9 papers, 506 citations), Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (5 papers, 268 citations), whereas, the top institution was Chengdu University of Information and Technology (n = 9 documents) followed by Sichuan Univ. Sci. & Engn, China (n = 8 documents). This study found that lack of intercountry collaboration and research funding adversely affects research participants in the field.     

宁夏密点麻蜥不同部位含药大鼠血清对人胃癌细胞凋亡的影响研究

为探讨宁夏密点麻蜥不同部位含药大鼠血清对人胃癌细胞SGC-7901凋亡影响及其抗癌机制。研究选取SPF级雄性SD大鼠分别以生理盐水、宁夏密点麻蜥不同部位水煎液灌胃,制备含药血清加于胃癌细胞,通过MTT检测细胞活性,AnnexinV-FITC/PI双染法检测细胞凋亡,Western-blot检测胃癌细胞Sirt1和P53蛋白表达。结果显示,宁夏密点麻蜥不同部位各组可明显降低Sirt1和P53蛋白表达水平,抑制细胞增殖,促进凋亡,以尾部组最明显。综上所述,宁夏密点麻蜥不同部位可能通过抑制SIRT1,降低P53,诱导细胞凋亡,其中以宁夏密点麻蜥尾部抗肿瘤作用最显著。     

基于主成分分析法的墨兰品种观赏价值评价

以福州地区栽培多年的30个墨兰品种为材料,对其植株高、花色、瓣型等20个观赏性状进行测定和观察,分析墨兰品种观赏性状的变异范围、性状间的相关性以及主成分因子,并利用主成分分析法对30个墨兰品种的观赏价值进行评价。结果表明,不同品种间的16个数量性状均存在不同程度的变异,花部形态存在较大差异,叶片形态和数量变异小;4个质量性状中,花色和叶艺的遗传多样性较高。叶部形态和花部形态的观赏性状间存在显著相关性。20个观赏性状指标可以分为7个主成分因子,分别为株高因子、瓣型因子、花色因子、叶片数因子、花径因子、叶宽因子和叶艺因子,7个主成分因子的方差贡献率累计达全部性状信息的87.35%。通过计算30个品种的重要主成分值并对其进行排序,筛选出4个观赏性状优良的品种,分别为‘白墨’、‘宝山爪’、‘龙梅’和‘金华山’。