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A homologous family of UDP- N -acetylgalactosamine: polypeptide N -
acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-transferases) initiate O-
glycosylation. These transferases share overall amino acid sequence
similarities of approximately 45-50%, but segments with higher similarities
of approximately 80% are found in the putative catalytic domain. Here we
have characterized the genomic organization of the coding regions of three
GalNAc-transferase genes and determined their chromosomal localization. The
coding regions of GALNT1 , -T2 , and -T3 were found to span 11, 16, and 10
exons, respectively. Several intron/exon boundaries were conserved within
the three genes. One conserved boundary was shared in a homologous C.
elegans GalNAc- transferase gene. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed
that GALNT1 , -T2 , and -T3 are localized at chromosomes 18q12-q21,
1q41-q42, and 2q24-q31, respectively. These results suggest that the
members of the polypeptide GalNAc-transferase family diverged early in
evolution from a common ancestral gene through gene duplication.
相似文献
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Summary A rapid method was developed for plasmid DNA screening from micro volume cultures of Clostridium acetobutylicum. It involves protoplastization by lysozyme, nuclease inhibition by incorporating EDTA or DEP, followed by lysis with high concentration of SDS. The whole lysate is applied directly to electrophoretic analysis. 相似文献
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Pilar del Hoyo Alberto García-Redondo Fernando de Bustos José Antonio Molina Youssef Sayed Hortensia Alonso-Navarro Luis Caballero Joaquín Arenas José AG Agúndez Félix Javier Jiménez-Jiménez 《BMC neurology》2010,10(1):95
Background
In the substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of the mitochondrial complex I of the respiratory chain, catalase and glutathione-peroxidase, and decreased levels of reduced glutathione have been reported. These observations suggest that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play a role in the neurodegeneration in PD. We assessed enzymatic activities of respiratory chain and other enzymes involved in oxidative processes in skin fibroblasts cultures of patients with PD. 相似文献16.
HIV-particles in spermatozoa of patients with AIDS and their transfer into the oocyte 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10
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B Baccetti A Benedetto AG Burrini G Collodel EC Ceccarini N Crisa A Di Caro M Estenoz AR Garbuglia A Massacesi P Piomboni T Renieri D Solazzo 《The Journal of cell biology》1994,127(4):903-914
By immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization at the electron microscopy level, and by the PCR technique, we have shown that HIV-1 binds and enters normal sperm; that viral particles, their antigens, and nucleic acid are present in sperm from HIV-1 infected men; and that such sperm can transfer HIV-1 like particles to normal human oocytes. We also present evidence that a galactosylceramide-like compound is present on the sperm membrane and could function as an alternative receptor for HIV. 相似文献
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Prospects for estimating nucleotide divergence with RAPDs 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
The technique of random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD), which is
simply polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of genomic DNA by a
single short oligonucleotide primer, produces complex patterns of anonymous
polymorphic DNA fragments. The information provided by these banding
patterns has proved to be of great utility for mapping and for verification
of identity of bacterial strains. Here we consider whether the degree of
similarity of the banding patterns can be used to estimate nucleotide
diversity and nucleotide divergence. With haploid data, fragments generated
by RAPD-PCR can be treated in a fashion very similar to that for
restriction-fragment data. Amplification of diploid samples, on the other
hand, requires consideration of the fact that presence of a band is
dominant to absence of the band. After describing a method for estimating
nucleotide divergence on the basis of diploid samples, we summarize the
restrictions and criteria that must be met when RAPD data are used for
estimating population genetic parameters.
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Frederique M Moret Cornelis E Hack Kim MG van der Wurff-Jacobs Wilco de Jager Timothy RDJ Radstake Floris PJG Lafeber Joel AG van Roon 《Arthritis research & therapy》2013,15(5):R155
Introduction
Myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) are potent T cell-activating antigen-presenting cells that have been suggested to play a crucial role in the regulation of immune responses in many disease states, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Despite this, studies that have reported on the capacity of naturally occurring circulating mDCs to regulate T cell activation in RA are still lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the phenotypic and functional properties of naturally occurring CD1c (BDCA-1)+ mDCs from synovial fluid (SF) compared to those from peripheral blood (PB) of RA patients.Methods
CD1c+ mDC numbers and expression of costimulatory molecules were assessed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis in SF and PB from RA patients. Ex vivo secretion of 45 inflammatory mediators by mDCs from SF and PB of RA patients was determined by multiplex immunoassay. The capacity of mDCs from SF to activate autologous CD4+ T cells was measured.Results
CD1c+ mDC numbers were significantly increased in SF versus PB of RA patients (mean 4.7% vs. 0.6%). mDCs from SF showed increased expression of antigen-presenting (human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II, CD1c) and costimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86 and CD40). Numerous cytokines were equally abundantly produced by mDCs from both PB and SF (including IL-12, IL-23, IL-13, IL-21). SF mDCs secreted higher levels of interferon γ-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), monokine induced by interferon γ (MIG) and, thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), but lower macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) levels compared to mDCs from PB. mDCs from SF displayed a strongly increased capacity to induce proliferation of CD4+ T cells associated with a strongly augmented IFNγ, IL-17, and IL-4 production.Conclusions
This study suggests that increased numbers of CD1c+ mDCs in SF are involved in the inflammatory cascade intra-articularly by the secretion of specific T cell-attracting chemokines and the activation of self-reactive T cells. 相似文献20.
Schijman AG Bisio M Orellana L Sued M Duffy T Mejia Jaramillo AM Cura C Auter F Veron V Qvarnstrom Y Deborggraeve S Hijar G Zulantay I Lucero RH Velazquez E Tellez T Sanchez Leon Z Galvão L Nolder D Monje Rumi M Levi JE Ramirez JD Zorrilla P Flores M Jercic MI Crisante G Añez N De Castro AM Gonzalez CI Acosta Viana K Yachelini P Torrico F Robello C Diosque P Triana Chavez O Aznar C Russomando G Büscher P Assal A Guhl F Sosa Estani S DaSilva A Britto C Luquetti A Ladzins J 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2011,5(1):e931