细胞培养狂犬病毒悬液的制备

<正> 狂犬病毒属于弹状病毒科,狂犬固定毒是一个实验室毒株,其特点是致病性低,能在幼地鼠肾细胞(BHK-21C13)中迅速繁殖,该细胞主要用于狂犬病毒复制研究和生产兽用疫苗。 对于严重暴露的病人,在疫苗自动免疫力产生之前,在伤口周围注射抗血清作局部被动抗体使用,可以收到良好的效果。但是,由于过多的被动抗体会抑制自动抗体的产生,因此必须调整好疫苗与抗血清的关系。 抗狂犬病血清传统的生产方法,是用狂犬固定毒注入兔脑内,待发病取脑制备悬液,再用于超免马生产抗血清。这种抗血清     

用棉籽饼代替花生饼做幼猪蛋白饲料

导言与花生饼相比,棉子饼的总氮含量略低一些,但其蛋白质中的几种主要的必需氨基酸如赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和胱氨酸含量却很高。对于非反刍动物来说,棉子饼应当是理想的蛋白饲料。然而,由于棉子饼中含有棉酚,这是一种有毒的天然多酚物质,因而妨障了它在猪、家禽和兔子饲料中的随意使用。其中,猪对棉酚的毒性尤为敏感。猪食用棉子饼后会导致厌食、呼吸困难、体虚消瘦等症状。人们一直在寻找根除或减少棉饼用于非反刍动物饲料中所导致的棉酚中毒现象,他们分别用不同量的蛋白质、不同质量的蛋白质、含铁添加剂,以及用含微量棉酚的无腺棉子饼等做饲料进行试验,取得了不同程度的进展。在尼日利亚,尽管棉子饼产量很高,由于缺乏信息,故未对其用于猪饲料予以注意。本研究报告确立了棉子饼与花生饼相比,用于断奶后幼猪饲料中的有关参数。     

噬菌体T7基因6.5和6.7的克隆及其缺失变种的构建

 用适当的限制性内切酶,将噬菌体T7基因6.5和6.7从整个噬菌体T7基因组中分离出来,插入到质粒pBR322中去,转化E.Coli HMS174,筛选出这两个基因的成功克隆。运用同样手段,从整个噬菌体T7基因组中分离出含有部分基因6编码序列,而不含基因6.5和6.7编码序列的T7DNA片段,插入到pBR322的衍生质粒中去,转化Ecoli C1757,再用含有基因6和基因7的双突变噬菌体T7去感染这一转化菌,通过同源交叉而得到缺失基因6.5和6.7的噬菌体T7缺失变种。这种噬菌体只能在载有噬菌体T7基因6.5和6.7,或者只载有基因6.7质粒的寄主中增殖。通过噬菌体结构蛋白电泳分析证明,这种噬菌体丢失了野生型菌体T7所具有的两条结构蛋白带。     

温度和生长素对猕猴桃冬季扦插生根的影响

猕猴桃新近在世界上的许多地区均有种植。虽然曾采用许多常用的育苗法,以满足对苗木需求的日益增加,但唯有幼苗嫁接法和扦插法较为实用。软枝扦插发根相当容易,而硬枝扦插则偶有发根困难的现象。有关硬枝扦插的报道甚少,且试验结果不尽一致。应用底温22°—24℃或高至27℃,被认为是一项良好的技术,但尚未探明不同温度     

Melting characteristics of highly supercoiled DNA

The effect of high supercoil densities on the melting characteristics of a supercoiled DNA has been studied. It is found that although the melting temperature increases abruptly on converting a linear DNA merely into the relaxed circular form, it falls back substantially at high supercoil densities. It is further predicted, in such cases, that the number of melted base pairs should be significantly enhanced even at the physiological temperature, which may facilitate the binding of other molecules to the highly supercoiled DNA.     

The problem of natural antibodies, 1894–1905

As we have seen, natural antibodies first emerged as an experimental phenomenon without a plausible theoretical explanation. They were originally denied the status of antibody; then, adjustments to the side-chain theory transformed them from a curiosity into a foundation of the theory. However, in accommodating natural antibodies, Ehrlich had opened several holes in his mechanism of antibody formation.Thus, by 1905, natural antibodies were clearly established as problematic. From the practical standpoint, it seemed unwise to maintain an identity between normal and immune antibodies, given the therapeutic differences in their avidity. With the decline of Ehrlich's theory of antibody formation and the spread of Landsteiner's hapten technique for the production of antibodies against artificial antigens after World War I, the theoretical possibility of their existence as other than anomaly seemed more remote than ever. However, outside the theory and despite clinical considerations, natural antibodies remained a perplexing experimental phenomenon.⁴⁹     

Induction by Electric Currents of Ethylene Biosynthesis in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Fruit

The effects of an electric current on ethylene biosynthesis were investigated in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) fruit that were producing almost no ethylene. Direct currents at 0.5 to 3.0 milliamperes induced much ethylene synthesis, with a rapid continuous increase in the rate, which reached a peak within 5 to 6 hours and then decreased. The rate of production was greater with a stronger current. Ethylene production was not observed after the use of a sine-wave alternating current (60 hertz) at 3 milliamperes, the magnitude at which a direct current had the greatest effect. The activity of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase and ethylene forming enzyme (EFE) increased before the rise in ethylene production. ACC synthase and EFE were activated sixfold and fourfold, respectively, by 2 hours. The concentration of ACC increased linearly up to 6 hours and then decreased. Ethylene induction by an electric current was suppressed almost completely by the infiltration of the cucumbers with 5 millimolar aminooxyacetic acid, an inhibitor of ACC synthase, and was also suppressed 70% by 5 millimolar salicylic acid, an inhibitor of EFE. The results indicate that the ethylene induced by the direct current was synthesized via the ACC-ethylene pathway as a result of electrical stress, a new kind of stress to be identified.     

A Polypeptide That Induces Flowering in Lemna paucicostata at a Very Low Concentration

A flower-inducing substance of high molecular mass, extracted from Lemna paucicostata, was purified to homogeneity. It had characteristics of a polypeptide, with an amino-terminal sequence of Leu-Val-Gly-Asn-Thr, and induced formation of flower buds of L. paucicostata 151 at a concentration of 10⁻¹⁰ molar.