Haversian bone remodelling in human fetus

Haversian bone remodelling used to be considered an attribute of adult bone. In the present paper, typical haversian remodelling was observed in the humerus, ulna, radius, femur, tibia, fibula and 6th and 7th ribs as soon as the 24th week. Its aspect suggests an already ancient occurrence. Remodelling was found in the same bone pieces of the neonate as well as in the clavicle and the other ribs. Mechanical factors may be responsible for starting the remodelling but their effects could be modulated by metabolic needs. Other still unknown factors might play a role too.     

INTERACTION OF IONIZING AND VISIBLE RADIATION IN MUTATION INDUCTION IN NEUROSPORA CRASSA

Klein , Richard M. (New York Bot. Gdn., New York, N.Y.), and Deana T. Klein. Interaction of ionizing and visible radiation in mutation induction in Neurospora crassa. Amer. Jour. Bot. 49(8): 870–874. 1962.—Conidia of the purple adenineless strain of N. crassa were irradiated with 25 kr of X rays and then exposed to far-red or red radiations or to far-red followed by red radiation. Far-red light, without effect on un-irradiated conidia, augmented the genetic damage caused by X rays as measured by survival (colony count), back mutation to adenine prototrophy, and the induction of mutants affecting colony morphology. Post-X-irradiation with red light ameliorated the severity of X-radiation as measured by survival and back mutation. The potentiation of X-ray-induced genetic damage by far-red light could be completely negated by subsequent exposure to red light.     

Evaluation of Nisin F in the Treatment of Subcutaneous Skin Infections, as Monitored by Using a Bioluminescent Strain of Staphylococcus aureus

The potential of nisin F as an antimicrobial agent in treating subcutaneous skin infections was tested in vivo by infecting C57BL/6 mice with a bioluminescent strain of Staphylococcus aureus (Xen 36). Strain Xen 36 has the luxABCDE operon located on a native plasmid. Mice were grouped into four groups: Infected with strain Xen 36 and treated with nisin F, infected with strain Xen 36 and treated with saline (placebo), not infected and treated with nisin (control) and not infected and not treated (control). The immune systems of the mice were suppressed with deksamethasone. Mice were treated with either nisin F or sterile physiological saline 24 and 48 h after infection with subcutaneously injected S. aureus Xen 36 (4 × 10⁶ CFU). Histology and bioluminescent flux measurements revealed no significant difference between infected mice treated with nisin and saline, respectively. However, infected mice treated with nisin F had an increased number of polymorphonuclear cells when compared with infected mice treated with saline. Also, not infected mice treated with nisin F had an influx of polymorphonuclear cells. Nisin F is thus ineffective in combating deep dermal staphylococcal infections. The apparent immune modulation of nisin when subcutaneously injected has to be investigated.     

Synthesis of positively charged galactose-bearing surfactants

An approach to the synthesis of cationic carbohydrate surfactants with potential antimicrobial and transfecting activities is proposed.