广西农作物种质资源遗传多样性

This paper is about PLEC,but also about small farmers and biodiversity . Until a very few years ago, all agriculture was supposed to be the enemy of biodiversity . Now it is better understood that some areas managed by small farmers contain almost as much biodiversity as the wild. This diversity, (Wood and Lenne 2000).Even in regard to the wild itself,ecological thinking has now swung away from the old view that the richest biodiversity occurs in ecosystems that have had a long period of undisturbed evolution toward acli maxstate. Since the late 1970s it has been forcefully argued that disturbances may be essential to the creation and maintenance of plant and animal diversity (eg. Zimmerer and young 1998).     

Effect of Peroral Administration of Chromium on Insulin Signaling Pathway in Skeletal Muscle Tissue of Holstein Calves

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of peroral administration of chromium-enriched yeast on glucose tolerance in Holstein calves, assessed by insulin signaling pathway molecule determination and intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). Twenty-four Holstein calves, aged 1 month, were chosen for the study and divided into two groups: the PoCr group (n = 12) that perorally received 0.04 mg of Cr/kg of body mass daily, for 70 days, and the NCr group (n = 12) that received no chromium supplementation. Skeletal tissue samples from each calf were obtained on day 0 and day 70 of the experiment. Chromium supplementation increased protein content of the insulin β-subunit receptor, phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 at Tyrosine 632, phosphorylation of Akt at Serine 473, glucose transporter-4, and AMP-activated protein kinase in skeletal muscle tissue, while phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 at Serine 307 was not affected by chromium treatment. Results obtained during IVGTT, which was conducted on days 0, 30, 50, and 70, suggested an increased insulin sensitivity and, consequently, a better utilization of glucose in the PoCr group. Lower basal concentrations of glucose and insulin in the PoCr group on days 30 and 70 were also obtained. Our results indicate that chromium supplementation improves glucose utilization in calves by enhancing insulin intracellular signaling in the skeletal muscle tissue.     

Effects of Protein Phosphatase Inhibitors and Calcium Antagonists on Self-Incompatible Reaction in Buckwheat

Isolated pistils of dimorphic buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) flowers were treated with phosphatase inhibitors (ocadaic acid and cantharidin) and with calcium antagonists (verapamil, La³⁺, and A23187). They were subsequently cross- or self-pollinated, and the growth of pollen tubes was observed under the fluorescence microscope. All treatments suppressed inhibition of pollen tubes growth suggesting that protein phosphatases and calcium signaling may be involved in self-incompatibility signal transduction in buckwheat. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

TDZ诱导花生幼叶的不定芽和体细胞胚发生的组织学观察

花生实生苗幼叶接种于MS TDZ 0.2mg/L NAA0.4mg/L诱导培养基上经诱导培养,继而转移到无激素培养基MS可获得不定芽和体细胞胚。组织学观察表明,花生不定芽和体细胞胚均起源于愈伤组织表层,不定芽为多细胞起源,而体细胞胚起源于单个胚性原始细胞。体细胞胚的发育经历多细胞原胚、球形胚、心形胚、鱼雷胚和子叶胚等时期发育成小植株。     

香石竹的脱病毒苗与带病毒苗生长发育特性比较

以香石竹(DianthuscaryophyllusL.)带病毒组培苗和扦插苗作为对照,研究香石竹脱病毒苗在苗期和花期的生长发育特性.实验结果表明,在苗期,香石竹脱病毒苗在株高、叶片数、分枝数、叶面积和根、茎、叶的干重等大多数营养生长发育指标明显优于对照.在花期,脱病毒苗在花苞和花朵直径,花枝高度和粗度等花质量指标明显优于对照,且脱掉病毒显著提高了花产量,缩短了生长发育期.     

分子生物学技术在植物内生菌分类鉴定中的应用

植物内生菌作为微生物中的一个研究领域,近年来一直备受关注。不仅是因为内生菌在农牧业生产和环境净化方面应用的良好表现,而且还为新药研制提供了新的途径。与此同时,植物内生菌分类鉴定的研究也有一定的进展,特别是在分子生物学技术应用到其中后。基于这点,就最近10年来有关植物内生菌分类鉴定的文献所使用的技术进行了分析和讨论。     

固氮蓝藻与棕色固氮菌固氮酶组分的交叉互补功能

本文报告了藻菌之间固氮酶组分的交叉互补试验。初步结果证明:固氮蓝藻(Anabacnaazotica水生686)的钼铁蛋白与棕色固氮菌(Azotobacter vinelandii)的铁蛋白之间存在着明显的互补功能。但这种蓝藻的铁蛋白在非细胞形态下很不稳定,易于失活。本实验为不同生理类型和不同进化程度的固氮生物之间固氮酶组分的交叉互补研究提供了新的资料。       

耐高糖、高渗透压D-核糖高产菌株的选育及其发酵培养

以产D-核糖40-45 g.L-1的枯草芽孢杆菌突变株BFD-100810为出发菌株,通过紫外线、硫酸二乙酯等方法诱变处理,获得一株核糖高产突变株BFD-101106。对该突变株的产核糖能力进行了验证,并对发酵条件进行了研究。     

陕西木本植物区系研究

陕西省位于黄土高原、秦巴山地二个自然地理区域的交接地带,生长着相当丰富的木一植物种类,计有木本植物１２６０种,分别隶属于１０１科,３２４属。其中中国木本植物特有属２７个,陕西土著特有种２５个。本文在主要区系晟分分析的基础上,探讨了陕西木本植物区系的５个基本特征：１,种类丰富;２．历史起源古老;３．南北区系差异明显;４．陕西土著特有成分繁多;５．珍稀濒危植物聚集。     

稳定的RNA发夹结构及其生物学功能

以UNCG、GNRA、CUUG(N=A、U、C或G,R=G或A)为端环能够形成稳定的、保守的发夹结构。高分辨率的溶液结构、晶体结构和计算机模拟等方法从原子水平上解析了这些发夹特殊的结构特征。在体内,它们发挥着重要的生物学功能:在折叠过程中作为折叠的起始位置帮助组织RNA分子正确折叠;与核酸受体结合参与三级相互作用;与蛋白质发生相互作用;阻止逆转录酶的延伸等等。另外,由于C(UUCG)G发夹极其稳定的特征,在体外RNA分子的实验测定中它还是稳定核酸结构的理想工具。这些稳定的发夹广泛分布于体内rRNA、催化RNA和非编码mRNA中。但在对人类编码区mRNA结构特征的研究当中,却未发现C(UUCG)G发夹。