Directional tunings independent of orientation in the primary visual cortex of the cat

A family of moving 'random-line' patterns was developed and used to study the directional tuning of 91 single units in cat primary visual cortex (V1). The results suggest that, in addition to the well-known orientation-dependent mechanism, there is also some kind of orientation-independent mechanism underlying the direction selectivity. The directional tuning of the neurons varies in accordance with the increase of orientation or non-orientation element in the stimulus.     

mRNA差别显示技术在植物发育研究中的应用

mRNA差别显示技术是近年发展起来的研究基因表达差异的有效方法,它不仅可比较基因表达差异、追踪已知基因的表达情况,而且可作为寻找特异表达基因的重要手段。本文介绍此方法在植物春化作用、光周期反应、花发育、雄性不育、成熟、衰老、种子发育和休眠及根发育等研究领域的应用概况。     

The cloning and expression characterization of the centrosome protein genes family (centrin genes) in rat testis

Centrins are members of the centrosome protein family, which is highly conserved during revolution. The homologous genes of centrin in many organisms had been cloned, but the sequences of the rat centrin genes were not reported yet in GenBank. We cloned the cDNA fragments of centrin-1, -2 and -3 from the rat testis by RT-PCR, and analyzed the homology of the deduced amino acid sequences. The expression characterization of centrin genes in rat spermato-genesis was carried out by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The results show that the homology of the corresponding centrin proteins in human, mouse and rat is high. The expression of centrin-1 is testis-specific, spermatogenic cell-specific and developmental stage-related. Centrin-1 begins to be transcribed when the meiosis occurs, and its mRNA level reaches the peak in round spermatids. Centrin-2 and centrin-3 are highly expressed in spermatogonia and their mRNA level decreases markedly when meiosis occurs. These results suggest that centrin-1 may play roles in     

Response properties of cat AMLS neurons to optic flow stimuli

Spiral and translation stimuli were used to investigate the response properties of cat AMLS (anteromedial lateral suprasylvian area) neurons to optic flow. The overwhelming majority of cells could be significantly excited by the two modes of stimuli and most responsive cells displayed obvious direction selectivity. It is the first time to find a visual area in mammalian brain preferring rotation stimuli. Two representative hypotheses are discussed here on the neural mechanism of optic flow analysis in visual cortex, and some new viewpoints are proposed to explain the experimental results.     

关于环境污染问题解答4则

问造成大气污染的主要原因是什么？答大气污染主要是由于城市化、工业化、交通现代化，尤其是煤炭、石油等矿物能源的大量消耗，空气中ＣＯ、ＣＯ２、ＳＯ２、氮氧化物、甲烷、颗粒物、铅、砷、汞、镉和氟等有害物质大量增加造成的。以ＣＯ２为例，据估计，目前全球每年消...     

模拟舰船火灾烟雾吸入致急性肺损伤大鼠模型的建立与评估

目的建立一种以多种复合材料为燃烧物,且温度可控的舰船火灾烟雾吸入性急性肺损伤大鼠模型。方法设计独立的产烟箱与舱室模拟箱,将清醒的大鼠限制在舱室模拟箱体内指定区域的鼠笼内。实验过程中通过检测并控制试验箱内进烟量达到致伤因素稳定的目的。实验分两部分进行,第一部分为不同烟雾吸入时间组,观察各组烟雾吸入48 h的生存率;第二部分是选取烟雾吸入30 min为致伤因素,对烟雾吸入后1,6,24 h的血气分析、肺损伤病理评分、肺泡灌洗液、外周血白细胞、主要炎症因子、信号通路中主要信号因子、肝肾功能的变化进行检测。结果 1)不同烟雾吸入时间组生存率结果为:84.21%(15 min组);25%(30 min组),0(50 min组);(2)烟雾吸入30 min后1 h碳氧血红蛋白、二氧化碳分压、乳酸值在烟雾吸入后1 h内显著升高(P0.05),此后可逐渐恢复到正常水平;与对照组相比,烟雾吸入后1,6,24 h肺损伤评分(LIS)、肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中蛋白含量显著增高;BALF中白细胞总数于烟雾吸入后显著升高,其中肺泡巨噬细胞比例呈现先降低后升高而中性粒细胞先升高后降低的趋势。对多种炎症因子及信号通路的研究发现,烟雾吸入1 h内即可出现多种信号因子的活化,WB及免疫荧光显示6 h活化最显著,24 h逐渐降低。烟雾吸入后的肝肾功能无特异性改变。结论建立了一种稳定可靠且高致死率的模拟舰船火灾烟雾吸入肺损伤模型,烟雾吸入急性期存在多条炎症通路的广泛激活,伴有典型的炎性细胞改变及肺部损伤特点,可为此后的深入研究奠定基础。     

风湿性心脏病瓣膜置换术患者围术期血浆脑钠肽水平的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨风湿性心脏病瓣膜置换术患者围手术期血浆脑钠肽(BNP)水平及其临床意义。方法:选取2015年1月至2016年12月在我院接受心脏瓣膜置换术的风湿性心脏病患者98例为研究对象,分别于术前、术后12 h、24 h、48 h、术后1周进行血浆BNP、磷酸肌酸同工酶(CK-MB)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平检测,观察纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)不同心功能分级、不同时间点患者血浆BNP、CK-MB、hs-CRP水平变化,同时观察并比较术后发生严重心律失常与否的患者在不同时间点血浆BNP、CK-MB、hs-CRP水平变化。结果:随NYHA心功能分级升高,患者血浆BNP、CK-MB、hs-CRP水平升高,不同NYHA心功能分级患者血浆BNP、hs-CRP水平比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),CK-MB水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);不同NYHA心功能分级患者血浆BNP、hs-CRP两两比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),CK-MB两两比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。患者术后12 h、24 h、48 h血浆BNP、hs-CRP水平均显著高于术前,术后24 h、48 h血浆CK-MB水平均显著高于术前,而术后1周血浆BNP、CK-MB、hs-CRP显著低于术前(P0.05)。术后发生严重心律失常(严重心律失常组)患者16例,未发生严重心律失常(无严重心律失常组)患者82例,两组患者术后12 h、24 h、48 h血浆BNP、CK-MB、hs-CRP水平均显著高于术前(P0.05);两组患者术后1周BNP与术前比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),而CK-MB、hs-CRP水平均显著低于术前(P0.05),但严重心律失常组术后12 h、24h、48 h、1周血浆BNP、CK-MB、hs-CRP水平均显著高于无严重心律失常组(P0.05)。结论:风湿性心脏病瓣膜置换术患者术前血浆BNP可以反映患者心功能情况,术后患者血浆BNP、CK-MB、hs-CRP异常升高,发生严重心律失常患者升高更为明显。     

猫后内侧外上雪氏区视神经元最优方向的组织

以不同角度插入微电极,定量分析了猫后内侧上雪氏区（ＰＭＬＳ区）细胞对运动光棒方向偏好的组织特征。结果显示：垂直于皮层表面相继记录的细胞,最优方向倾向于相似,其变化率显著低于电极平行或倾斜于皮层表面的测量值。提示该区细胞对运动刺激的方向选择性以垂直于皮层表面的“功能柱”的形式组织起来。在柱内最优方向基本保持不变